Renaissance is an ideological and cultural movement in 14 ~ 16 century, which reflects the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie in western European countries. Its main center was originally in Italy, and it expanded to Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, France and Spain in the16th century. From 14 to16th century, Italian humanist writers and scholars have been using the concept of "Renaissance". The word comes from Italian "Rinascita" and is usually written as "Renaissance" in French. It summarizes the characteristics of literary and artistic activities since Giotto and has been used by all countries in the world so far. China is literally translated as "rebirth" or "rebirth movement", but the translation of "Renaissance" has been generally accepted. At that time, people thought that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical era of Greece and Rome, but declined in the "dark age" of the Middle Ages, and did not "regenerate" and "revive" until after14th century. Therefore, the Renaissance emphasized that the new culture was based on classics, but it was not a simple classical Renaissance, but actually the creation of a new anti-feudal culture. Renaissance is mainly manifested in the general upsurge of science, literature and art, but in different countries, due to different social, economic and historical conditions, it has its own characteristics.
At the end of Italian Renaissance 13 and the beginning of 04+08, Italy was the earliest capitalist country in Europe. However, due to the unbalanced political and economic development, the advanced areas are limited to a few cities, especially Florence and Venice. In Florence, located in central Italy, there are seven guilds, mainly focusing on wool, banking and cloth processing industries. They not only control Florence's economy, but also directly control the city's political power. Members of the Presbyterian Church, the highest authority in Florence, can only be elected from among its members by seven guilds. The nobles were deprived of the right to participate in the political power, and the workers were in a helpless position. Under this political and economic background, Florence became the birthplace and the largest center of the Renaissance in Italy and even Europe.