Note: 1, Pan Bo, sitting with his legs spread apart. Extended to informal, unrestrained and adaptable.
Appreciation: First, the background. Tao Yuanming and Su Shi are both one of the most influential great poets in the history of China literature. Their attitude towards life and their thinking and pursuit of life have typical significance and far-reaching influence among intellectuals in China. Su Shi's official career has experienced ups and downs. He likes and worships Tao Yuanming very much and is deeply influenced by him. But they have different cultural connotations and represent different types.
This group of poems was written in July (1092) of the seventh year in Yuan You, northern Song Zhezong, when Su Shi was appointed as a bachelor of Longtuge and was in charge of Yangzhou affairs on Huainan East Road (Yangzhou is well known). It is not only the beginning of "harmony with pottery", but also the transition of Wang from simple style to simple style. From then on, a special creative process of "trying to reconcile his poems" began, which was out of control. In the second year (1095), Su Shi, who was demoted to Huizhou, re-created; In the third year of Fu Yuan's reign (1 100), Su Shi, who lived in Changhua Army in Qiongzhou, wrote "He Shi Tao Jing Qu A". There were 137 poems about "He Tao", which became a very special phenomenon in the history of literature.
Su Shi's Twenty Poems of Drinking with Tao, like Tao Yuanming's Twenty Poems of Drinking, both show the feelings of natural Ren Zhen, and the style is plain and natural. However, Tao Yuanming's works were created when he resigned and retired, mostly praising rural life; However, before and after the creation of Twenty Poems on Drinking with Tao, Su Shi was in a semi-official and semi-secluded state. In order to avoid right and wrong, he invited others to know Yangzhou, so his poems mainly showed the contradiction and helplessness between Su Shi's birth and WTO entry.
Su Shi is a poetic expression of the new life consciousness in the predicament and a personal interpretation of Tao Yuanming's outlook on life. Su Shi's new life consciousness is similar to Tao Yuanming's personality foundation and realistic support, but there are also differences. Su Shi, who lost his political ideal, publicized the spirit of wildness and freedom in his personal downfall, rediscovered Tao Yuanming in the dust and fog of history, and took him as his confidant. Fortunately, Tao Yuanming was able to get rid of his pure and secluded face because of the creation and comments of more than 20 Hetao poems by Su Shi/Kloc-0, and stood at the peak in the history of medieval poetics.
Second, similarities and differences. Feelings are similar, interests are the same. Yuanming likes to drink Dongpo proudly, and Yuanming likes to read Dongpo and keep books. In solving doubts and doubts, the space-time barrier between the two people is eliminated, and a high degree of tacit understanding is reached in the spiritual world. It is Dongpo's pioneering response to Yuanming, with the same taste, more congenial thoughts, true truth and hidden heart. In the dialogue of emotion, interest and reason, Dongpo's loneliness was dispelled, and Dongpo's state of mind was relaxed, which laid a deep foundation for the final formation of his peaceful and comfortable state of mind.
In his later years, Yuan Haowen also pointed out that "Dongpo and Tao, the weather is just a poem on the slope, like a cloud,' three cups to wash the Warring States, one bucket to eliminate Qiang Qin', and Yuanming can never do this. It is contradictory to hate the phrase' empty cup' and talk about a stringed piano. Another poem says:' The second son is a true guest, and he will not return until he is drunk.' It's better this way. "(Collected Works of Mr. Yishan, Volume 40, Postscript Dongpo and Poems after Drinking in Yuan and Ming Dynasties) Yuan Haowen's attitude is praise or disapproval, which is not clear. The literal meaning of this passage is that Tao Yuanming can't write Su Like's poems, so it seems that Tao Yuanming is not as good as Su Shi. But Tao Yuanming has been recognized as a classic poet, even as the standard of poetry, and Su Shi is only a latecomer. Yuan Haowen pointed out the difference between the two, more like saying that Su Shi did not reach the realm of Tao Yuanming, so he did not learn to be like. Tao's poems are famous for being seamless and not abstract. Yuan Haowen highlighted the epigrams of Su Shi and Tao Shi's poems, which seemed to be appreciated, but seemed to imply a kind of criticism without rules.
As a chorus poem, Su Shi's Twenty Drinking with Tao Yuanming follows Tao Yuanming's original works, rhymes and writing situation after drinking many times, explaining the writing situation and sharing the preface of the poem with friends. These are the most obvious manifestations, and the biggest similarity is that Su Shi's Hehe poems, like Tao's poems, cover a wide range of subjects. But Su Shi's writing style is obviously not as relaxed as Tao Yuanming's. He kept the topic of "drinking" from beginning to end, and every capital except the fifteenth of the twenty poems should turn to wine and drinking in various ways. On the surface, Su Shi's harmony poems, like Tao Yuanming's original works, are free in the extension of imagination and the choice of poetry materials, but in fact, in order to be close to Tao Yuanming's original works, Su Shi deliberately planned the layout of the articles and created a loose composition. For example, Su Shihe's fourth poem illustrates a philosophy of existence with a fable and a story that insects and birds are uneasy about the status quo and lead to disaster. In Shi Tao's fourth poem, birds perched on a lonely pine tree. They are all animal stories, and they are all in the fourth poem, which clearly shows the intentional arrangement made by Su Shi and his poems. Another example is Su Shi's eighth poem "Frost Pine", which is also changed from the writing of Shi Tao's eighth poem, implying pine trees. The layout of Su Shihe's poems is obviously restricted by Tao's poems. This is also the inescapable fate of secondary rhyme poems.
Compared with the syntax of Tao's poems, Su Shi's harmony poems show the cleverness and deliberate choice of words and sentences, such as the twentieth sentence of Su Shi's poems, "Three cups wash the Warring States, and one battle destroys it." During the Republic of China, Shen criticized Su Shi and Tao's poems, thinking that their poems were "too hot" and quite different from Tao's poems. As many critics have pointed out, Su Shi's poems about harmony and pottery are entirely his own face. Su Shi's Poem of Harmony with Tao is not a simple imitation, but a cup of harmony with Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which is "like Tao Gong in spirit". Although the specific content is different, they are interlinked in spirit.
III. Compilation and Evaluation
Wang Wenzhong's General Case of Compiling and Annotating Su Wenzhong's Gong Poems: "Gong (Su Shi) and Tao are independent. As for his poems, there are great differences: deliberately effective, with Tao Tong color; If there is a book that does not seek harmony, it should be close to Tao; There are those who borrow rhyme as poetry and don't ask Tao; Some people inadvertently changed the rhyme. ……"
Huang Tingjian's Postscript of Zi Zhan and Tao Shi: Zi Zhan went to Lingnan, and when he killed it, he wanted to kill it. Have a good meal in Huizhou and taste a delicate and profound poem. Peng Zeqian is manned, Dongpo immortal. Although the source is different, the taste is similar.
Su Zhe's Preface to Zi Zhan and Tao Yuanming's Poems: Poets in all previous dynasties imitated the ancients, and those who did not chase the ancients started from Dongpo. I'm just a poet. I'm only good at profound poetry. Yuan Ming wrote few poems, but his poems are rich and vivid, which are beyond the reach of Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li and Du Fu. I wrote hundreds of poems before and after, proud of it, and ashamed of it. Today I collected it and recorded it, with my husband and my ambitious son. ..... However, I know Yu Yuan very well. How can I learn his poems? If he is a man, he really has feelings. This is also the reason why he thinks deeply and wants to teach him at night.