Literary genres include poetry, prose, novel and drama.
poetic sentiment
The characteristics of poetry: concise reflection of life, strong emotional color, imaginative, ingenious, rhythmic and musical language.
Classification of poetry: according to the forms of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry, narrative poetry and reasoning poetry; According to the rhythm, it can be divided into metrical poems and free poems; According to language, it can be divided into old-style poems and new-style poems.
China's ancient poems include old-style poems, ci poems and songs. Old-style poems include ancient poems and modern poems. Classical poetry, also known as classical poetry, is not restricted by strict metrical rules, and the sentence patterns are four-character, five-character and seven-character (words are words); Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, includes metrical poems and quatrains, with strict metrical patterns and five-character and seven-character sentence patterns. Judging from the length of words, less than 58 words are minor, 59-90 words are alto, and more than 90 words are long. Qu, generally referring to Sanqu, prevailed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was a lyrical subtext.
The mainstream of China's modern poetry is new poetry. "New Poetry" is a new style poem created and developed by 19 19 during the May 4th New Literature Movement, written in vernacular Chinese. The meter of new poems is not as strict as that of old poems, but the lines have a certain rhythm, and the last word of even lines generally rhymes. Free verse in new poetry is more free, and some of them don't even rhyme or punctuate.
essay
In ancient literature, in order to distinguish it from verse and parallel prose, all articles with irregular rhymes and sentences are called prose.
Modern prose refers to a literary genre juxtaposed with poetry, novel and drama.
Prose is characterized by "scattered form but not spirit". That is, the selection of materials is extensive and free, the expression method is flexible and changeable, and various techniques such as narration, description, lyricism and discussion can be used; But the center must be clear and focused.
Prose can be divided into narrative prose (focusing on remembering people's stories) and lyric prose (focusing on lyricism).
novel
Novel is a literary genre that reflects social life through the description of characters, story plots and environment.
The three elements of a novel are: characters, stories and environment.
An important feature of the novel is to create typical characters, who are portrayed through portraits, psychological activities, actions and language.
The story of the novel includes: beginning, development, climax and ending. Some novels have orderly words and epilogues.
The environmental description of the novel includes social environment and natural environment.
Novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and short stories by length.
China's novels originated from ancient myths and legends, and experienced the development process of Six Dynasties, Tang legends, Song and Yuan scripts, Ming Hui novels and modern novels since the May 4th Movement.
drama
Drama is a comprehensive stage art, with the help of literature, music, dance, art, lighting, clothing and other artistic means to shape the image of stage art, reveal social contradictions and reflect social life.
A script is a dramatic work and a "script" of a dramatic performance, which consists of dialogues between characters or lyrics and stage descriptions. The dramatic value of the script lies in that it can be performed and read out of the stage, which has literary value.
The characteristics of the script are: sharp contradictions and conflicts, personalized dialogue, suitable for stage performances.
Classification of drama: historical drama, drama, pantomime, etc. According to the types of works, there are tragedies, comedies and dramas (mainly serious contradictions and conflicts); According to the structure, there are one-act dramas and whole dramas; According to artistic forms, there are drama, opera, ballet, pantomime, drama sketches and so on.
The genre of the article includes narrative, expository, argumentative and practical writing, which are collectively called practical writing.
1. Narration
Narrative can be divided into two categories: writing character notes and writing landscapes.
The narrative elements are: time, place, people and events.
The narrative order of narrative text includes: sequence, flashback, insertion, supplementary narrative, etc.
Narrative manifestations include: narration, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and so on.
The types of narrative are: news, communication, biography, memoir, reportage, novel, prose and so on.
2. Explanatory text
Explanatory text is an article that grasps the characteristics of things and explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things. Common discourses include general discourses and literary discourses (scientific papers).
3. Argumentative essay
Argumentative essay is an article that shows the author's views and opinions in the form of discussion.
The elements of argumentative writing are: argument, argument and argumentation.
The basic structure of argumentative writing is: introduction, theory and conclusion.
The basic argumentation methods of argumentative writing are: putting facts and reasoning.
Proposing and proving one's argument in an argumentative paper is called an argument; To prove others' arguments wrong is called refutation.
4. Practical writing
Practical writing is a common style in daily life or work, including letters, plans, reports, contracts, summaries, instructions, applications, certificates, notes, bills (IOUs, receipts), notices and announcements.