Impressionist French
/kloc-an art school and literary trend of thought popular in France, Europe, America and even the world from the second half of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
/kloc-the center of western art in the 0/9th century is in France, and the influential official academic school still dominates the French painting world. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, some young painters in French painting circles opposed the official academic art and strongly opposed the official censorship, because their innovative works could not be exhibited in the official salon. They demand artistic innovation and creative freedom, and often gather in the Galbova Cafe in Paris to exchange their views on art freely and seek the road of artistic innovation together.
/kloc-an important painting movement formed in France in the second half of the 9th century, including the activities of a group of painters with similar views and techniques from 1867 to 1886. These painters have distinct personalities and are very pragmatic, and there are no specific principles to follow. However, the most obvious feature of Impressionism is that it tries to objectively describe the moments in visual reality, mainly to express the relationship between pure light.
Broadly speaking, the term Impressionism was sometimes used in other arts (usually music, but sometimes literature) in the late19th century, and their techniques and effects were similar to those of Impressionist painting. The main impressionist painters are Monet, Manet, pissarro, Lei Nuowa, Sisley, Edgar Degas, berthe morisot, Guillaume and Basil. They worked together, influenced each other and exhibited their works independently, except Manet continued to seek official recognition. In their early creative career, these painters expressed their dissatisfaction with various disciplines that dominated European art for 200 years.
In the late1860s, Manet's art reflected a new aesthetic point of view, which liberated the painter from the traditional dominant theme-centered creative method for the first time in history. He advocated that the emphasis should be strictly placed on the elements of painting art-color and form. Around the same time, Monet, pissarro, Rehnova, Sisley and Basil tried to explore a more direct way to describe the brilliant light and color in landscape painting. Monet won the first prize with his outstanding keen eye. At that time, scientific research in this field showed that color is not an inherent feature of an object, but the light reflected by the object. Under the influence of this view, these painters tried to explore an effective way to break through the single and seemingly unchangeable "inherent" color of objects; They try to capture the fleeting color of objects in a specific time, which is influenced by the temporary atmosphere, distance and other objects around them. They started by painting water, and reflected many colors of water waves according to what they saw. They extended this practice to all other objects from buildings to the sky. The strokes are short and clear, and look like a bunch of variegated colors from a distance. In fact, they use unadjusted colors to describe the colors produced by sunlight reflection. Inspired by Manet's "pure painting" experiment, they try to find the most vivid theme, and usually no longer pay attention to emotional color and literary characteristics.
1874, these painters held an independent exhibition for the first time, competing with the official salon of the French Academy of Fine Arts, which repeatedly refused to show most of their works. Monet's painting Impression: Sunrise (1872, now in the Mammotan Art Museum in Paris) initially made people sneer at these painters with impressionist names. They held seven consecutive art exhibitions, the last of which was in 1886. During this period, they continue to develop their own personal and personality styles. After 1886, Impressionism was dissolved. Although it existed for a short time, it completed a revolution in the history of art and liberated all kinds of paintings produced in the West from the established bondage between the painter and the subject.
In music, Debussy is usually regarded as the main impressionist painter. Debussy's music has different characteristics from the first work to the last work, so only the music completed around 1892 ~ 1903 and some later works with similar musical styles in this period can be said to have impressionism in a general sense. His impressive works include the opera Pelias and Melisand (premiered at 1902), the symphonic poem Clouds (one of which was written at 1899) and the piano piece Sail (see two preludes [Dou]). Other composers considered as impressionists include Maurice Ravel, Frederick Delius, ottorino respighi, cairol Simanovsky and Charles Griffith. Impressionism in music is often regarded as a delicate, fragile, negative and messy music with ambiguous feelings. Impressionist music is characterized by formality, restraint and calmness, which is a colorful effect formed by the composer's imagination of pure tone as a beautiful and mysterious purpose itself. Impressionism is considered as a movement to get rid of the excessive indulgence of romanticism, but many of its characteristics can be found in some composers who are also known as pioneers of expressionism (such as Liszt, Wagner, scriabin [[300: Alexander Scria! Bin []) to find the root cause.
Impressionism in literature is generally a highly personalized writing technique, which embodies the writer's personal temperament. Some writers' works can be compared with impressionism in painting because of their strong appeal. They are Thomas Mann, Herman Hesse, F. maddox Ford and evelyn waugh.
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