Additional adverbs
Adjective adverbs are very common in medieval poetry, such as disyllabic words combined with the postposition additional component "Fu" (Wu Fu, Fei Fu, Qi Fu, Fu Wei, Xing Fu, An Fu, Fu Huan, Fu Bi, Dangfu, Yves, Xiangfu, etc. ); There are disyllabic words combined with "ke" (willing to be ke, fortunate to be ke, should be ke, self-ke, chat ke, long ke, especially ke, timely ke, difficult ke, sincere ke, true ke, good ke, etc.); There are two-syllable words combined with "dang" (only dang, finally dang, Shang, dang, Chang, dang, Bi, dang, dang, gang, Dan, dang, Jiang, Shi, Shi and so on. ); There are disyllabic words combined with "ego" (empty ego, id, true ego, self-determination, soliloquy, true ego, self-satisfaction, self-observation, self-growth, self-behavior, self-constancy, self-kindness, self-persistence, self-happiness, etc.). ). These are common use cases. Here are a few words that are easily overlooked.
(1) ~ should be
Liang Shi Volume 24 guarantees Autumn Day: "The journey is always bitter, and the autumn night should be longer." "Poetry of the Northern Zhou Dynasty" Volume 4 Yu Xin "Fu De He": "Autumn clothes should be made, and the hood is gradually worn." What is the word formation method of "gradual reaction"? What does the word "should" do? Try the following example:
"Liang Shi" volume Sanjiangyuan's "Tongjue Prostitute": "Yao color should be exhausted, and the red side is music. When I was on the stage of singing, I finally became an ant Guo. "
And "send the mountain to live in the three fairs": "When will Lanfang be strong if the chrysanthemum show is to be won?" I'm afraid it will be as dark as light after shaking hands. "
The explanation of the death name "Five Bitterness and Death Bitterness" in the Northern Zhou Poetics is: "Now the pool platform has gone, and the grave is empty."
"Song Poetry" Volume 7 Bao Zhao's "The Code is Difficult to Walk": "Mo Yan's vegetation will welcome the spring in the winter snow." "Liang Shi" Volume 25 Liang Yuan Emperor Xiao Yi's "Fine Grass": "Although the life is full of people, the people will open."
Liang Shi Volume 27 Wear @ ① Song for Sleep @ ② Blow pillows and smoke red, turn on the light and look back, undress. I know that the night is always around, and I don't call it. "
There is the same example in Tang poetry. Li Bai's "Wang Yong Dong Xun Ge": "The emperor's favorite monarch should be returned when he enters Chu Pass and clears Jianghan."
Li Bai's Farewell: "I know I shouldn't return it. I have been away from you for three years."
Du Fu's rain stopped: "Dancing stones should be counted, and clouds don't wet fairy clothes."
Li He's Mocking Snow: "After a long separation from Liaocheng Crane, the sweater should be dead."
Meng Jiao's "Looking at Flowers": "Who is Peony's husband? Everyone is afraid to come. Only when you are old should you be diligent. "
Looking at the above example, we can see that "gradually should" is an additional adverb, that is, "gradually" and "should" only constitute enough syllables. Only "should" means that only "should" means already, "should" means beginning and direction, "shouldn't" means nothing, "should" means meeting and finally, and "should" means gradually. In other cases, by analogy, "should" is an additional component.
(2) ~ already
The word "oneself" often appeared in the poems of the Six Dynasties. "Book of Jin" (Volume 17) Tao Yuanming's elegy: "The secluded room is closed for a thousand years." "Strange Stone" volume follows the county king Xiao Zilong's "Jing Liu Hu á n @ ③ Under the Tomb": "Once the mountain gate is extinct, it will be difficult to end in Myanmar." "Liang Shi" Volume 1 "Answering Wang Zhongshu in Ren Dianzong Ji Room" by Xiao Yan, Liang Wudi: "It has been up since tomorrow night, but it is a pity that it is pan-Changzhou." Volume 10 of Sui Dynasty Poetics explains Hui Jing's "Talented people gather to endow heaven with a road": "When you are old, you can take an examination of big Toona sinensis trees." What does "one record" mean? That is, "one" means temporary or once, and "you" is enough to fill the syllables.
There are many words with the same structure as "Yi Ji". The most common is "Japan has". "Han Poetry" Volume 12 "Ancient Poems and Li's Other Poems": "Two birds fly with each other for a long time." "Song Poetry" Volume II Xie Lingyun's Reading Room: "The Spring Festival has passed, and the pond is lonely." "Japan has" rather than "Japan" is a gradual meaning, but "Japan has" does not mean anything. Some people understand "Japan has" as "day by day" and regard "Japan has" as an adverb in the true sense, which is a misunderstanding. "Day" was gradually explained in the poems of the Six Dynasties, and it appeared corresponding to its synonyms. "Song Poetry" Volume 7 Bao Zhao's "Dai Hao Li Xing": "The years push slightly, the deeper the hug." This passage is based on "abbreviated" and "Japanese". "Strange Stone" Volume 4 Xie Tihu o @ ④ Poems of Kings Leading to the Right: "Re-tree @ ⑤, Zhou Fang turned into a product." Both "day" and "turn" are gradual righteousness. "Day" also corresponds to synonyms such as "line" and "direction", which means gradual progress.
Besides the first and second levels, there are many similar disyllabic adverbs, such as Ji Shao, Fuji, Hangji, Ji Fen, Ding, Ji, Russian, Gradual, Ji Liang and Jiji. These disyllabic adverbs are all composed of monosyllabic adverb morpheme and suffix "Ji", and their main function is to form syllables. This word formation method is still used in Tang poetry. For example, Meng Jiao's Feelings: "I am often afraid that today will never return, and I will be resurrected in a blink of an eye." Today is today, now.
(3) ~ Cloud
"Song Poetry" Volume III Xie Lingyun's "Entering the East Road": "There are clouds in the heart, and the meaning is salty." Bao Zhao's Pine and cypress Volume 7: "The ancestral burial is coming, and the tunnel has been opened." "For the cloud" means "being", and "cloud" doesn't mean anything. There are many adverbs of the same kind. For example:
Suddenly dark clouds are gathering. Chinese Valentine's Day by Xing Shao: "Autumn is cloudy and the shuttle stops." "Poetry of the Northern Zhou Dynasty" Volume III Yuxin's Poems to Be Loved: "Good people are lucky, and good people are good all day long. The road is cloudy and people's livelihood. "
What a cloud. "Liang Shi" Volume 6 Shen Yue's "Long Songs": "Hate has been forgotten, and there is no discrimination in heaven." "Move the disease with Zuo Chengyu": "At the end of the year, there are different worries and diseases."
"gone" "Liang Shi" Volume 22 Yu Jianwu's "The Sequence of Years": "The sequence of years has passed, and the spring heart is not safe."
Fang Yun. "Strange Stone" Volume III Xie Ti O @ ④ "Zhan Xiangzhou, Xuancheng Officials and People": "Tired horse Fang Yun drives, and the knife can be safely drawn."
"Yi Yun" and "Song Poetry" Volume 1 Xie Zhan's "Answering the Autumn Story": "There is nothing to do at night, and the sleepers are quiet." Another volume, Xie Lingyun's "Going to Xin 'an to Tonglukou for the first time", "Love is deep, and thinking about the past is also a cloud. "In this case," good self "and" good cloud "are relative and have the same structure.
"Although the cloud". "Liang Shi" Volume 16 Liu Xiaozhuo's "A Long History of Reward Land @ ⑥": "Although the valley is covered by clouds, it bothers you to count on officials."
"Cloudless". "Jin Shi Hua" Volume 17 Tao Magazine: "I didn't go far, but it was bleak when I turned back." "Qi's" Volume I Wang Jian's "Spring Home": "The migration is not cloudy, and the sun has suddenly harvested."
The word "cloud" such as "cloud" has the same function as the word "already" mentioned above. It is a virtual morpheme, which constitutes syllables, and the adverbial meaning is mainly reflected in the previous morpheme.
In short, the basic characteristics of additional adverbs are: its meaning is mainly on the previous morpheme, and the virtual morphemes attached to it are basically meaningless, and the virtual morphemes with suffixes themselves are mostly adverbs.
Second, attach nouns and pronouns.
Besides the prefixes and suffixes such as "er", "tou", "zi" and "Lao", there are many additional nouns in the poems of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Here are some personal pronouns and time words.
(4) Hey ~
Liang Shi Volume VI Shen Yue's "To Liu Nanjun Ji Lian": "Han, fly with the old capital. Love Lloyd and miss me. " Volume 7 "Reward Kong Tongzhi Tì @ ⑦ Huaipengju": "The day is clearing the way, I am offering a micro-costume." (Note: "Fenwu" is me, which originated from Li Sao. ) "Il" means "Er" and is a second person pronoun. "One" is attached to monosyllabic personal words to form disyllabic personal pronouns. This usage is very common. For example:
"Yu Yi" and "Song Poetry" Volume 1 Xie Zhan's "A Visit to Autumn Ji": "Although I am not comforted, I am temporarily worried." The other volume is Liu Shuo, the king of Nanping, "Guo Lishan Zhan Changshi Caotang": "Nirvana for a long time, and the taste is bleak." "Liang Shi" Volume 4 "Jiang Yan" Miscellaneous Poem Liu Taiwei Kun hurt chaos "I am grateful to Yi Chong Ling." The other volume is He Xun's "Going to Cisse to Show Fu Nan Colleagues": "I am a guest of Yu Ben, and I will pay for it with my heart." "Sui Poetry" Volume One Sun Wanshou "Answer to Yang Shizi" "I am tired, I am lonely." "The meaning is in.
Yu Yi. "Liang Shi" Volume 1 Liang Wudi's essay "To Yimin": "I am not smart, so I am ignorant." The other volume is He Xun's Farewell to Jiang Chang: "He Xiang Fan Mu, Yu Yike Liangchu." Volume 11 Wu Jun's "Gift to Zhou Xingsi": "I am lying high, I would like to be empty." Volume 14: Xiao Tong, Prince of Liang Zhaoming, talks with the Thai monk: "I am widowed with Confucius and love him deeply." Interpretation of Zhongshan: "I love hills and valleys and climb to the festival." "I give" means giving.
"I". "Wei's" Volume Nine Ji Kang's "Four Words to Give Brother a Scholar to Join the Army": "I am hardworking and pregnant. I always think that the real clock is near. " "Liang Shi" volume Sanjiangyuan "Moving Yang Pavilion": "I am from the frost, I am a servant." Volume 6 Shen Yue's "Gift to Lu Shen's Ambassador Jiang Shui Cao Er": "Yi Wuhong, the source of Jù n @ ⑨ Liu Chang." The other volume is He Xun's Answer to the High Envoy: "I miss you, and my husband thinks highly of you." (Note: "Husband" refers to you, which is regarded as a courtesy title for the second person, and is the same word formation as "I". "I" is me.
The above-mentioned "I", "I" and "I" refer to themselves and are first-person pronouns, and "I" basically has no referential function. There are also some words that express people, with "one" as the pre-additional component. There are also "changers". "Jin Shi Hua" Volume 6 Lu Yun's "Tai Wang Wei Gong ordered the general to return to his ancestral home in Beijing": "I have a guest." Who is who, who. From Whose Poems in Xiaoya: "Who will follow? The cloud of violence. " There is also "Yihe". "Jin Shi Hua" volume Cheng Xiao "Gift Fu": "What's the difference? Xu You Chao Fu. " "Yi He" is the same as "Yi Who". It is worth noting that the word "Iraqi". "Jin Shi Hua" Volume 17 Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden Poetry": "Huang Qi Shangshan, Yi people also passed away." "Yiren" is still a person, from "Shiqin Feng Jiajian": "The so-called Yiren is on the water side." It is here that "one" has referential function.
There are similar nouns. For example, Qi Baishi (Volume II) and Wang Rong's The Big Shame Gate: "The blue room turns into the heart and the cliff edge turns into grass." "One grass" refers to grass. "Jinshi" Volume 12 Lu Qian's "Gift to Liu Kun": "Yi Chen is a humble Sect, and yesterday Gò u @ ⑩ Jiahui." "Yi Chen" refers to Yi Chen, who calls himself Lu Chen.
Some morphemes indicating time can also be placed before "one" to form disyllabic words. If there is "Iraq Night". "Han Poetry" Volume 12 "Ancient Poems and Li's Other Poems": "The night is cool and the breeze moves." "Qi's Family" Volume 4 thanks to O @ ④ "Serve Your Royal Highness": "The cave in the house is secluded, and the wind comes at night." "Iraq Night" is still a night.
Yi Xi. "Song Poetry Talk" Volume II Xie Lingyun's Answer to the Chinese Book: "Yi Xi Kun Di, DHL Li." Volume 5, Yan Yanzhi's "Harmonious Xie Jian Ling Yun": "Yi Gò u @ ⑩ How fortunate, writing a pen to serve two boudoir." "Liang Shi" Volume 4 Jiangyan's Miscellaneous Poems Wang Shizhong Zhen Huaide: "Yi Xi is worth the chaos in the world, so he resigned from the capital." Yi Xi is still telling the past.
"Yi" was originally a demonstrative pronoun, but in the above example, its demonstrative meaning is already very weak (except Yi people), and it can be regarded as a prepositional additional component.
The usage of "one" as an additional component before nouns and pronouns is also very common in Tang poetry. Here are two examples. Ren Hua's "Send Li Bai": "Every time I take advantage of the situation to find each other, the rivers and lakes are separated." Han Yu's Zhang Ji: "After I was born, I looked back at it." "Yu Yi" and "I" are first-person pronouns.
(5) ~ come
"Lai" can be combined with a noun morpheme indicating time to form an additional noun. For example, "Song Poetry" Volume 9 Bao Zhao's "Listening to Prostitutes at Night": "Come and sit at night, Han Yin will be exposed." "Come at night" means night. "Liang Shi" Volume 8 Jin Ryu's "Zhai Zhu": "I miss Luo Yang scholars and come to Lao Lin today." "Today" means now. Xiao Zhuang Emperor Yuan Ziyou of the Northern Wei Dynasty: "I heard that I had a hard time in the past, and I don't want to say that I want to be myself." The past is the past. "Sui Poetry" Volume 6 Kong Deshao's "Fu Fu shoots the river to pick hibiscus": "The morning picking is tired and lingering for a long time." "Chaolai" means early morning. The other volume is "Farewell" by Shizi: "Quit the old knowledge in the mirror and conquer the new knowledge. Wood should be old, only a few times. " "Over the years" means this year or recently. "Lai" can also be combined with other morphemes. "Liang Shi" Volume 10 Wu Jun's "The Battle of the South of the City": "When you are young, you will pay attention to your spirit, but you will not learn literature." "Small" means when I was a child. "Liang Shi" Volume 24 Shaoling Wang Xiaolun "Gathering Benevolence": "Different from dressing up, this life is oblique." "Will come" is still in the past, originally. "Northern Zhou Poetry Talk" Volume 4, Yu Xin's "Painting Screen": "I shot Yu Lai, only in the forest." "Bilai" is the latest. Yu Xin's Happy Sunny Day: "Thinking is better than the sky, and today is only a temporary encounter." "Biri" is a synonym for "Bilai".
The above poem examples can show that "Lai" is an extremely active function morpheme, which is widely combined with monosyllabic morphemes expressing time, that is, it can be combined with spring, summer, autumn and winter, with the morning and evening, with the present and the present, with the age, and with the comparison.
As a virtual morpheme, "Lai" is widely used in Tang and Song poetry. Such as Wei's "Xixi on Chuzhou": "The spring tide brings rain late and urgent, and no one crosses the boat in the wild." "Late" means in the evening. The forty-ninth poem of Hanshan: "I visited my relatives and friends yesterday and thought I was half dead." "Yesterday" means yesterday or recently. Wang Anguo's "Qingping Music": "A little pity begins to play the piano, and a little lai Sishi." Dawn comes. Han Hong @ (1 1) Autumn Night Appreciation: "I found your poems so beautiful that I forgot the birds that returned home." "All the time" is like what I just said.
The meaning of "lai" in the above disyllabic words is vague, and its main function is to form disyllabic time words. (Note: Disyllabic time words combined with "Lai" have nouns and adverbs. )
There is another word worth discussing. "Song Poetry" Volume 5 Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, "Tour Zhoushan": "The hair is elegant, and the weak crown is quite thin. If you don't think about it, you will come to Guoqiu. " Another volume, "Answering Yan Yannian", said by the six kings, "I am old, but the clouds are pale in Shandong." The word "Yu Lai" is relatively rare, and its meaning should refer to the recent time. "Yu" means "fast" and "will". In Lu Ji's "Love Home", he wrote: "The age is getting late, and the stars will be clear." This is an example of it. Therefore, "Yu Lai" seems to be an additional disyllabic word, with the same structure as "Bi Lai".
Three additional adjectives
Adjectives are very common in pre-Qin classics, with their sources and researchers, and are easily recognized by people. Here are a few more examples.
Fourteen sheep emblems in the Book of Songs of Jin Dynasty: "When I gave Fu Changyou Fu, I was the chief officer of Taiwei, and I was the official of Jingshi": "I was extremely disappointed to oppose the good confinement @ (12)" He also wrote "Answer to Du Yu": "If you love well, you will be disappointed." Volume 16 Tao Yuanming's Murong: "Jing Yan and Confucius, the center is disappointed." "Lengqi", "Lengru" and "Lenger" are similar structures and have the same meaning as "disappointment". "Qi", "Ru" and "Er" are all adjective suffixes, which are also called postposition additional components. Here are some examples to prove it.
"Qi" is an example used as a suffix. "Wei's" Volume 8 Xia Guoshu's "Gift to Ji Kang": "Thinking of a gentleman is as gentle as jade." "Jin Shi Hua" Volume 8 Cao Shu's Answer to Zhao Jingyu: "I will never sigh if I stay in Iraq for a long time."
Take "Ru" as an example. Wei Shi (Volume 6) Chen Caozhi's "Dance and Subtle Articles": "Wandering in the North Que, full of tears." "The Stone" Volume "Going to Stay in the Field": "I have a lingering fear, and I feel sorry for my death. Q: @ (12) is like this. "
"Er" is used as a suffix. "The Beginning of Giving Scholar" by RoyceWong, Volume II of Wei's: "People also have words, and they don't think about them every day, but worry about @ (13) Hubq @ (12)." "He" is also called "é r @ (14)". Tao Yuanming's Poems of the Jin Dynasty (Volume 17): "Only Yuping is a creature, who looks up and asks: @ (12) é r @ (13)."
The above is followed by adjectives. Let's look at the prepositional adjectives. Han Shi has five categories of Tang Ming: "Zhaoming Tang, Kongyang, Tang Ming." And "Bi Yong": "On the Hetai, it shows my Chinese behavior." Zhao Yu has the same meaning as Zhaozhao and Zhao Ran, while Yu He has the same meaning as Hehe and Impressive. There are also "Fishes" and "Yu Ming", which are also formed in the same way.
Generally speaking, there are four common disyllabic word-formation methods of adjectives: ① reduplicated words; 2 conjunctions; ③ Parallel disyllabic words; ④ Attach disyllabic words. (Note: In fact, some "reduplicated words" can be regarded as a coordinate structure. For example, "melancholy" can be described as "melancholy", "melancholy" and "disappointment". "Generosity" can be described as "average", "generous" and "magnanimous". "qο @ (12)" can be described as "qο @ (12) qο @ (12)", "qο @ (12) cool", and. These four word-formation methods are common, but when every monosyllabic adjective becomes disyllabic, not all methods are available, and additional types seem to be more productive.
Verbs and adjectives can sometimes have the same additional elements. For example, The Poems of Jin Dynasty (presented by Liu to Lu Shilong) says: "There is @ (15) that worships the distance, and its waves are clear." Volume XIII Wang Xizhi's Lanting: "I am glad this late spring, I am gentle." "Qi's" volume five Ruanyan "The Crown Prince's Interpretation": "Farewell, the old chapter is full of glory." "Zaiqing", "Zairou" and "Zaihuan" are all additional adjectives. "Jin Shi Hua" (Volume 16) Tao Yuanming answered Pang Shenjun: "Goodbye in the past, Cang Geng Yin." Another "Life Son": "Faint and faint in the long wall, in". Qunchuan carries guidance, and many articles carry Luo. "Song Poetry" Volume II Xie Lingyun's "Giving an City": "Zheng Ming Dunhua, pity and worry." "Zaiming", "Zailuo" and "Zaihuai" are all additional verbs.
"You" is often combined with the country name in pre-Qin classics, and it is a noun prefix, such as "Youzhou". In the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, "you" can also be used as a prepositional additional component of adjectives or verbs. For example, "Wei Shi" volume 10 Ruanji "Love Poem 82": "Beautiful scenery, full of stars." Jin Shi Hua (81 cents) is Dedicated to Chang 'an Anren: "Hubei, Hubei, Song, Yue and Yan Qi Jun" and the other volume is Jin Gu Ji: "Relatives and friends have their own opinions, but the center fails to live up to expectations. "Liang Shi" (Volume 5) F M NG @ (16) "Wind and Climbing Jingyang Mountain": "Find a sense of fugue and study to raise your anxiety." "You suck" and "You are strict" are adjectives, and "Violation" and "You read" are verbs.
Similarly, nouns and adjectives can have the same affix. For example, "one" can be used as an additional component before nouns, and it can also play the same role in adjectives. "Jin Dynasty Poetry Talk" Volume 8 worries about Yongzhou: "The soil contains the Olympic area, and the mountain contains the gods. Jiasheng has many talents and looks like Yi Fu. " The thirteen volumes of Liang Shi rate "short songs": "I am full of wine, I am full of rice." "Yi Fu" is still numerous and rich. "Poetry Xiaoya @ (17):" Er wine is both the purpose and food. " Zheng Xuan wrote: "Fu, there is more." Selected works Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo: "Fuchuan birds are abundant outside, and a hundred birds are abundant outside." (18) "V" corresponds to "Feng", so Chief Xue notes: "V, more." "Yi Fu" means Fu, and "Yi" is a virtual morpheme, which does not express meaning. In Jin Shi, the thirteenth Sun Chuo's Autumn Day says: "The ancient cherishes nature and lies far away in the city." Another volume, Liu's "Gift to Lu Shilong": "Clear emblem, strengthen practice." Whether "Yi Yao" and "Yi Shuo" belong to prepositional adjectives is inconclusive.
Four additional verbs
There are also some problems worth discussing about additional verbs. Generally speaking, affixes are only adjectives, nouns or adverbs, and rarely involve verbs. In fact, Chinese disyllabic verbs occupy a certain proportion.
(6) for ~
Wei is a widely used and abstract verb. When some monosyllabic verbs must form disyllabic words, they often use "Wei" as an additional component. Let's give a few examples.
"Liang Shi" Volume 26 Xu à n @ (19) "* * * Wife sits at night watching her old age": "Don't doubt the weight of sideburns, because it will rush you." It's right to read Sheng Yan Fu in the two volumes of Chen Shi: "Big women weave silk scraps, while middle women envy eyebrows. Little women have nothing to do and sing new poems. Why do you have to get up by bus? " Waiting is still waiting. "Qi's" Volume II Wang Rong's Ode to His Royal Highness the King of the South China Sea's Autumn Wife: "The sun and the moon are shining, and Song Jun has been chaste." "Shine" still shines. Yan Yanzhi's Autumn Hu Xing: "How to leave for a long time, everything is self-seeking." "Strange Stone" Volume II Wang Rong's poem about immortals: "Put your hands up for the time being and come back in a thousand years." "Different" means different. Chen Shi is surrounded by Zheng Hong's Answer to Master Lin: "Look at the sun in the distance and feel Chang 'an for me. "Feeling means thinking." "Volume II of" Songs of the Spring ":"The thistle gate is still cold, but it is a yellow machine. "Breaking means interrupting." Chen Shi "Volume Bajiang" Autumn's New Favorite Beauty Should be Preface ":"Qiu Shu's acacia is a green branch, inserted in the second concubine. "Insert" means insert. Liang Shi "Volume 8 He Xun" Reward Fan Jishiyun ":"Acacia is not alone, standing empty is a sigh. "Sighing means sighing." "Wei Shi" Volume III Ruan y @(20) poem: "A guest is easy to be sad, and I feel sad. "Because of sadness means sadness." "Jin Shi Hua" Volume 5 Lu Ji's elegy poem: "My heart hurts, it's not too late to sigh." "For Chen" means what Chen said.
This usage is common in Tang poetry. Liu Xiyi's Yi Dao: "Look at the jagged shadows under the moon in order to listen to the intermittent sounds on the sand." "Listening" is still listening. Li Shangyin's "Han Donglang's Impromptu Poetry" is a big surprise. A few days ago, the rest of the party pursued the phrase "sedentary", which was quite fashionable, because it was a reward for two things and a formidable member. "For the joint judgment of He Xun, I am as thin as Dongyang." "Depend" means yes, but ask. Li Yizhu heard the news and sent a tip to Si Kongshu: "Why not go to Sapporo to brush the green harp?" "For a stroke" is still a slap in the face. Wang Ya's Boudoir Gift: "The bridal chamber is like frost tonight. Tingting went to Guang Xiao in order to leave hateful people. " "Luminous" means luminous. Song Zhou Mi's A Red Calyx: "In order to drive the old prison crazy, * * * bothers you." "Making a phone call" means making a phone call. In the above example, "Wei" is attached to the verb morpheme, thus forming a disyllabic verb, and the meaning of "Wei" itself is very empty.
A related word is "for newspapers". Song Sushi wrote in the poem "Dingfengbo Jiangchengzi": "In order to report to the whole city, I followed the satrap and shot the tiger to see Sun Lang." "For the newspaper" means "Tell for me". The author thinks that "Weibao" is a word, which means reporting and telling, and it is the same as Zhao Wei, Chen Wei, Tan Wei and Weifu.
The word "for the newspaper" appeared in the poems of the Six Dynasties. Liang Shi's "Three Rivers Source's Old Intention to Report Yuan Gong Cao" said in a volume: "The aunt traveled thousands of miles and wept to report to the king." We can know from the title of "reporting to Yuan Gong Cao" that "reporting to Jun" means reporting to Yuan Gong Cao, but "reporting to Yuan Gong Cao" is not solidified. In Tang poetry, this word became mature and widely used. For example, "Ma Qi" by Wan Chu: "You can drink the Great Wall Cave to report that Tianshan Mountain is difficult to go." Wei's "When Luozhou entered the Yellow River, I sent a message to friends in the county": "To report Luoqiao, the boat is different." Wang Ya's "Boudoir People Give Far": "In order to report the guests in Liaoyang, the tourists wait for no one." "Luo Jing" by Li Shangyin: "In the future, I will repay the adulterer and not visit the old traces to Taurus." Du Mu's "Xuanzhou Liuli": "In order to report your eyes, you must be steady, and you don't know about Wuling." Hanshan Poetry No.221issue: "Those who want to communicate can come to Hanshan." And the 272 nd song: "Riding a white cow in the open field to repay the owner of the fire house." And the 296th song: "Why don't future generations read Gu Yan?" It is also very common in Song Ci, such as Li Qingzhao's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "If you want to report a good spring this year, the flowers and the moon will take photos together." Ji Xu's "Send a Model": "It is best to save some money, but I am afraid that my wife will be unhappy at night; ..... In order to report Meng Guang's evil hair, I will change the yellow roll into green money. " "Report" means a report, notice or suggestion. Compare Hao's "To Liangzhou Taishou Zhang": "The wind and frost are bitter, and the years are deep. For the Xihe messenger, I know how to serve the country. " "Wei Yu" means telling, which is synonymous with "micro-report".
Similarly, there is the word "for questioning". Tang Huangfuran's Spring Thoughts: "To ask when to ride and when to stop riding?" Gao Shi's "Jincheng North Tower": "Why do you ask the court? Up to now, the flute is still complaining endlessly. " Du Fu's "Because Cui Wushi sent a royal letter to Pengzhou": "A hundred years have passed, and autumn has turned to hunger and cold. When is Pengzhou animal husbandry difficult to save? " On the way to Qiupu by Du Mu: "Do you still go to Ling Du when you come?" Xie Chichun by Li Zhiyi in Song Dynasty: "Think without looking at it, but still look at it. In order to meet often, why do you have to stay together for a long time? " Zhou Bangyan's "Six Ugliness" words: "Why ask where the flowers are? It was stormy at night, the Chu Palace was buried and the country was dumped. " "To ask" means to ask, which means to ask, and cannot be understood as "to ask" or "to ask for me"; Similarly, "for the newspaper" is a newspaper, and "for" has no substantive meaning.
(7) Try ~
The synonym of "Wei Wen" is "Wen". Don Li Bai's "Nanjing Hotel Parting": "Oh, ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends! ? Song Sushi's Song of the Cave Fairy: What is the night like? It's late at night, Jinbo is weak, and the jade rope turns low. " Li Qingzhao's Dream: "It rained suddenly and the wind blew suddenly last night. After a deep sleep, there is no need to drink. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. " "Ask" means to ask, ask and try. As a pre-additional component, its meaning of "temporary try" becomes more vague.
There are many words like "ask". As stated in Jin Shi (Volume XXI), "As Mrs. You Ying said": "How hard it is to be quiet, just watch the surging waves." Try to walk before you go. "Chen Shi" Volume 6 Xie Xie "Leading Water": "Try the song and only sing Macelo Wong." Listening is better than listening. Liang Shi Volume 8 He Xun's Farewell: "If you go to sail, if you don't see it, try looking at the white clouds." "Trying to look" means looking out. Another volume, Yu Jianwu's "Seeking Hong Chau's Concession": "Try to swim red pine and throw yourself into the forest and rely on the mountain." "Try to chase" is chasing. "Chen Shi" Volume Four Uncle Bao "Plum Blossoms Fall": "Beauty puts a bun early, tries to stand and lingers." "Try to stand" means standing. Tang Lu quoted "Chang 'an Family Relatives": "Young and strong, bring bows and arrows to Bingzhou." Try to answer it.
Of course, we should also pay attention to other situations. "Liang Shi" Volume 8 He Xun's "Singing in the Mirror": "Talking about cocoon eyebrows, I want to dye peach." Volume 19 Xiao Zifan's backyard listening to cicadas: "Try to catch the breeze and chat with Xia Ye." "Poetry of the Northern Zhou Dynasty" Volume II Yuxin "Send troops to the Gorge with the Prince of Zhao": "Let's talk and practice the war, and White will try the Hū I @ (2 1) army." Tang's old generals: "So he dusted the iron clothes, made them shine as bright as snow, pulled his dagger out of the jade handle, and danced in a starry steel dance." In the poems of the Six Dynasties and the Tang and Song Dynasties, "try" and "chat" are often used as metaphors, meaning to wait or try. The above example is proof. (Note: It is sometimes difficult to distinguish whether "Shi" is a prepositional additional component or a notional word, and as an additional component, some of them also contain certain substantive meanings. )
(8) ~ take
The disyllabic additional words with Wen as the true morpheme also include Wen Qu. "Chen Shi" Volume Five Luyu's "Six Immortals": "Ask Nanpisi and laugh at the chess player." Huang Songting's poem "Qing Ping Le": "Who knows that spring is gone? Unless you want an oriole. " Lv Benzhong's Walking on the Sand: "Who knows that annoying smell? Request Nantayue. " "Ask and take" means requirements, and "take" as an additional component, its meaning has been blurred.
In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the word-formation mode of "ask and take" appeared. For example, Jiao Zhongqing's wife wrote "Poems of Han Dynasty", Volume 10, "Ancient Poems", saying, "I'm going home for the time being, but now I have to report to the government. When you return it, welcome it. " Book of Jin Shi Hua Volume 19 Song of Qing Dynasty, Song of Midnight at Four o'clock and Summer Song: "Gaotang is not a wall, but attracts all winds." "Liang Shi" Volume 23 Yu Jianwu's "Ode to Beauty and See the Order of Painting": "If you want to know how clever the painting is, call the truth to reflect it." Sui Poetry Volume III Four Seasons White ZH @ (22) Song Feng @ (23) Song Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di: "If you want to hook up and grab it, the dinosaurs will rest." In the above example, "take" has more or less the meaning of acquisition, which is meaningful. "Hanshu Poetry" Volume 9 "Yuefu Ancient Poems and Songs of Yan": "Therefore, clothes should be mended, and new clothes should be exposed. Master Lai Dexian, please regard it as my zhà n @ (24). " "Looking for" means taking, and "taking" is very verbal. "Jinshi", Volume 19, "Shang Qing's lyrics are full of emotions": "Please pity Liu Meng's car and welcome the graceful Xiqu Niang." "Marry" and "marry" are synonyms. It can be seen that the word "qu" in the Six Dynasties has real meaning after monosyllabic verbs and should be regarded as a coordinate structure. Later, this structure changed. "Qu" can be combined with many monosyllabic verbs and has a wide range of adaptability. As a result, ideographic components are getting smaller and smaller, phonological functions are becoming more and more obvious, and gradually blurred into additional components.
This structure has greatly increased in Tang and Song poetry. For example, the 285th poem of Hanshan in Tang Dynasty: "I encourage you to believe the rest and know the treasure in your clothes." "Knowing and taking" means knowing and remembering. The second and fourth songs: "Look at the thief who opens his eyes, and the crowd will gather in the downtown area." "Look and take" means to look and observe. Du Fu's "welcome": "Should we call my old neighbor to join us and call the remaining cups over the fence?" Zhang Xin Lang in Song Dynasty: "Ask Xian Pingzhang to see, do you still want to cross Tiaoxi?" "Hoo" and "Hoo" are both hoo. Yan's "Six Orders": "When you are happy, you should remember." "Remember" or remember. Li Qingzhao's Fisherman's Pride: "90,000 Li Yunpeng lifts, the wind stops, and Pengzhou blows away the three mountains." Blow is still blowing away. There are also recognition, sending, taking, lifting, tying, staying, receiving, dividing, cherishing, pitying, listening and taking. The meaning of "take" in these disyllabic verbs is empty, and it is only a virtual morpheme that constitutes disyllabic verbs.
Three groups of additional disyllabic verbs are listed above: (1) Wei Wen, Wei Bao, Wei Yan and so on. (2) "Ask", "Try" and "Try"; (3) "Request", "Search" and "Appeal". It is proved that the meanings of "Wei", "Try" and "Qu" in disyllabic verbs are gradually blurred and in a subordinate position, and their main function is to make the verbs disyllabic. In other words, the three words "Uyghur", "Qian Wen" and "Wen Qu" not only have the same meaning, but also have the same word formation method. They are attached disyllabic verbs, and of course there are differences between pre-attachment and post-attachment.
Simply put, virtual morphemes, as additional components, must have the following characteristics: first, they are strongly attached and can be closely combined with real morphemes or etymologies to form a word, but they cannot be separated; Second, it has great activity and can be widely combined with a certain type or several types of words, rather than accidental temporary combination; Third, the original meaning of virtual morphemes is more general. For example, "for" is an action.