Name of Lin 'an Building
Author: Lin Sheng
Original text:
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
Precautions:
1, Title: Writing. Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Luxury house: luxury house, official residence, hotel and inn. This refers to the hotel.
2, Hugh: pause, stop, give up.
3. Warm wind: This refers not only to the warm spring breeze in nature, but also to the charming warm wind brought by singing and dancing, alluding to the decadent wind of the Southern Song Dynasty court. Fumigation: To contact (smoke, gas, etc.). ) change color or smell. Tourists: not only ordinary tourists, but also those aristocrats who forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun in the Southern Song Dynasty.
4, straight: simply. Bianzhou: Bianliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the old capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Poetic:
There are green hills outside the green hills, and there are tall buildings outside the tall buildings.
The tourists in the lake are all dignitaries.
They stayed up all night and had a good time with the showgirls.
I wonder when this situation will stop.
The warm spring breeze blew the tourists drunk,
They get carried away and just want to enjoy the West Lake secretly.
Actually regarded Hangzhou as the capital.
Appreciate:
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an City, which not only expresses grief through the description of music scenes, but also multiplies emotions, and contains profound implications in a profound aesthetic realm. At the same time, the poet exposed the reactionary nature of tourists with ironic language, and also showed the poet's anger.
The first sentence of the poem is that there are green hills outside the mountain and tall buildings outside the building. The poet grasped the characteristics of Lin 'an City, with overlapping green hills and rows of terraced fields. This first describes the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, rolling mountains and pavilions. What a beautiful nature it is. As far as poetry creation is concerned, the poet's description of the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers shows a sense of pleasure. Then he wrote: When will the West Lake Dance stop? I mean, when will the lights and dancing by the West Lake stop? The poet was hurt by the reality of this country. Such beautiful mountains and rivers were occupied by Jin people. The word "Hugh" in the poem not only implies the poet's heartache about the real social situation, but more importantly, it shows the poet's indignation at those in power who blindly stop fighting and make peace, unwilling to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, and only seek peace and indulge in debauchery. In the poet's mind, the West Lake song and dance is just a lewd song and dance to kill the fighting spirit against gold. How he wishes this song and dance would end soon. Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions, which not only strengthens his anger at these politicians who are unwilling to recover lost ground, but also shows the sadness caused by the poet's concern about the fate of the country.
The last two sentences of warm wind make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent. Tourists intoxicated by the warm wind can not only be understood as ordinary tourists here, but mainly refer to the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty who forgot the national disaster, lived quietly and enjoyed themselves. The warm wind intoxicated the tourists. This sentence is closely related to the singing and dancing of the West Lake. In the face of this constant singing and dancing, when the poet saw these tourists intoxicated, he could not help showing his feelings. Among them, the warm wind is a pun. In poetry, it refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. In the poet's view, it is this warm wind that fascinates tourists and forgets that their country is in danger. Among them, the words smoked and drunk are used skillfully. First of all, a smoked word implies the huge lively scenes of those songs and dances, creating a decadent musical atmosphere for tourists. Then a drunken remark, followed by a smoked remark, vividly portrayed the mental state of those revelers. A drunken remark gives readers rich aesthetic imagination space and feels the ugliness of tourists in this beautiful West Lake environment. In this state, the poet wrote a further expression of drunkenness at the end: making Hangzhou Bianzhou. . The capital of Song Dynasty was originally located in Bianliang, but it was occupied by gold. In other words, among the fans, these tourists simply regard Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou! Here, it is meaningful for the poet to replace the West Lake with Hangzhou. Because although the West Lake is in Hangzhou, when it comes to it, people think it is a beautiful place, the best place to travel, and it is just a scenic spot in Hangzhou. The poet made a good contrast between Hangzhou and Bianzhou, the capital of Song Dynasty (Bianzhou was occupied by Jin people). In contrast, it not only leads to Bianzhou, a special name with political significance, but also helps to express the poet's feelings and expose the despicable behavior of vagrants who disregard the future and destiny of the country, indulge in drunkenness and ignore the national economy and people's livelihood. At the same time, it also expresses the poet's deep concern about the fate of the country and the nation, and his anger at the rulers who only seek peace and surrender to the outside world.
On Xilinbi's Poems
Poetry of Xilin Wall _ Significance of Xilin Wall
Cylinder wall
Author: Su Shi
Original text:
Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
Precautions:
1, Xilin wall: written on the wall of sairinji. Sairinji is at the west foot of Lushan Mountain. Title: Writing, Inscription. Xilin: sairinji, in Lushan, Jiangxi.
2. Looking horizontally: Looking from the front. Lushan always runs from north to south, horizontally, from east to west.
3. Side: Side.
4. different: different.
5. I don't know: I can't know and distinguish.
6. True face: refers to the true scenery and shape of Lushan Mountain.
7. Edge: Because; Due to.
8. This mountain: This mountain refers to Lushan Mountain.
9. Xilin: Sai Linzhi, on Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province. This song is engraved on the wall of the temple.
Poetic:
Seen from the front and side, Lushan Mountain is undulating and peaks stand tall.
Looking at Lushan Mountain from a distance, near, high and low place,
Lushan Mountain presents a variety of faces.
The reason why I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain,
Because I am in Lushan Mountain.
Appreciate:
When Su Shi was demoted from Huangzhou to Ruzhou as the deputy envoy of the Youth League Training, he passed through Jiujiang and visited Lushan Mountain. The magnificent landscape triggered a vigorous and magnificent idea, so I wrote several poems about Lushan Mountain. The title Xilinbi is a summary after visiting Lushan Mountain. It describes the various characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and points out that observation should be objective and comprehensive, and if it is subjective and one-sided, it will not draw a correct conclusion. What you see in the first two sentences is the peak on the side of the mountain. The distance is different. In fact, it is what you see when you visit the mountain. Lushan Mountain is a hilly and gully mountain with undulating peaks and valleys. Tourists are located in different places and see different scenery. These two sentences summarize and vividly write the various forms of Lushan Mountain.
The last two sentences don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, just because I am in this mountain. They are talking about the experience (their ideas) of traveling to the mountains. Why can't you identify the true face of Lushan Mountain? Because I am in the middle of Lushan Mountain, my vision is limited by the peaks of Lushan Mountain, and I only see one peak, one ridge, one hill and one valley of Lushan Mountain, which is one-sided and inevitably one-sided. This is what you see when you visit the mountains, and it is often the same when you observe things in the world. These two poems are rich in connotation and enlighten people to understand a philosophy of dealing with people. Because people have different positions and different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided. To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice.
This is a philosophical poem by the richest man, but the poet did not talk about it in the abstract, but talked about his unique feelings by tightly holding the mountain tour. With the help of the image of Lushan Mountain, he expressed his philosophy in plain language, so he was kind and natural.
This poem, which was deeply influenced by later generations, has been included in the 22 nd page of the first volume of Chinese for Grade Four published by People's Education Edition and the Exercise Center: Tixilinbi published by Soviet Education Edition, which is the summary after visiting Lushan Mountain. It describes the various characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and points out that the observation problem should be objective and comprehensive, and if it is subjective and one-sided, it can't draw a correct conclusion. The latter two poems are rich in connotation, which enlightens us to understand a philosophy of dealing with people. Because people have different positions and different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided. To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice.
The meaning of this poem is very profound, but the language used is extremely simple. Simplicity is one of Su Shi's linguistic features. Su Shi has no habit of carving when writing poems. What the poet pursues is to express a fresh and unprecedented artistic conception in simple and fluent language; And this artistic conception, from time to time flashing the light of philosophy. Judging from this poem, the language expression is concise, but the connotation is rich. In other words, poetic language itself is a high degree of unity of image and logic.
In four poems, the poet roughly describes the image characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and accurately points out the reasons why it is irrelevant to see the mountain. Bright sensibility and clear rationality are intertwined and mutually causal, so the image of poetry is sublimated into a model in the field of rationality, which is why people regard the last two sentences as philosophical epigrams for thousands of times.
On Li Ning's Hermit Poems
On Li Ning's Hermit Poems
Li Ning's Seclusion
Author: Jia Dao
Original text:
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness.
Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks.
I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
Precautions:
1, sh m 40 (sh m 40): not much.
2. by the pool: one is in the pool.
3. Parting color: Shan Ye scenery is separated by bridges.
4. Yungen: The ancients thought that clouds were born when they touched stones, so the stone was named Yungen. This refers to Shi Genyun.
5, quiet period: a long time. Negative words: refers to breaking one's word, breaking one's promise and breaking one's promise.
Poetic:
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come,
The overgrown path leads to the deserted small garden.
Birds perch freely in the trees by the pond.
In the bright moonlight, the monk is knocking at the gate.
Cross the bridge to see the beautiful scenery of Yuan Ye.
The clouds are fluttering and the rocks are moving.
I'm going away for a while, but I'll be back,
Live in seclusion with friends on the agreed date.
Appreciate:
This poem is famous for the birds in the trees by the pool and the monks knocking at the door under the moon. The whole poem only describes the author's visit to his good friend Li Ning.
The first couplet lived in seclusion with few neighbors, and the grass path entered the empty garden. The poet described this seclusion in a very economical way: a path covered with weeds leads to a barren and hopeless small garden; Nearby, nobody lives. Understatedly, he wrote a word in general, suggesting Li Ning's hermit status.
Birds stay in the trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door of the moon. This is a famous sentence that has been widely read. At first glance, these two poems are a bit confusing. Of course, the poet can't even see the birds staying in the trees by the pool at night. In fact, this shows the ingenuity of the poet's conception and his inner pain. Just because the moonlight is bright and everything is silent, the slight knock on the door by the old monk (perhaps referring to the author) will disturb the bird, or cause the bird to disturb people, or the bird will fly out of the nest and turn around and live back in the nest. The author captures this fleeting phenomenon to describe the silence of the environment, the silence in the ring and the unexpected victory. If you use the word push, of course, there is no such artistic effect.
The neckline crosses the bridge to separate colors, and the stone moves to move the cloud root, which I saw on my way back to China. Crossing the bridge is a colorful Yuan Ye; The evening breeze is blowing gently, and the clouds are drifting, as if the rocks are moving. Stones don't move, and poets have a unique charm with irony. All this is covered with a layer of white moonlight, which makes the environment more natural, quiet, beautiful and charming.
The end of the couplet came back here temporarily, and the seclusion period lived up to expectations, indicating that the poet lived up to his promise of seclusion. The first three couplets are all about narration and scenery writing, while the last one points out the poet's feelings and reveals the main idea of the poem. It is this elegant place and leisurely taste that aroused the author's yearning for seclusion.
The grass path, deserted garden, birds, pond trees, wild colors and cloud roots in the poem are all unusual scenery; Live in seclusion, knock on the door, cross the bridge, wait for a while. It is an unusual move. But the poet is inclined to the ordinary place, telling the realm that people have never said. The language is simple, natural and mellow.
On the Poems of Nanzhuang in the Capital City
On the Poems of Nanzhuang in the Capital City
Title Chengnan village
Author: Cui Hu
Original text:
Last spring, in this door, the girl's face contrasted with the peach.
Today, I came here again. I don't know where the girl went. Only the peach blossoms are still there, smiling in full bloom in the spring breeze.
Precautions:
1, Capital: National Capital, referring to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Face: refers to the girl's face. In the third sentence, human face refers to girls.
3, I don't know: a job today (zhǐ). Go: one is working.
4. Laughter: Describe the peach blossom in full bloom.
Poetic:
Today last year,
Right in front of this family in Nanzhuang, Chang 'an,
Girl, your beautiful face and the blooming peach blossom complement each other.
It looks particularly crimson.
One year later,
Go back to the old place, girl, your beautiful image,
I don't know where I went,
Only peach blossoms are still smiling at the warm spring breeze.
Appreciate:
The whole poem consists of four sentences, including two identical and mutually reflecting scenes.
Act I: Looking for spring and meeting beauty. Last year, today, in this door, people face peach blossoms. The poet captured the most beautiful and moving scene in the whole process of seeking spring and meeting face. Peach blossoms set each other off in red, which not only set off the beautiful background for the gorgeous face, but also set off the radiant face of the girl, implicitly expressing the poet's infatuation and emotion, as well as the situation that the two sides are affectionate but do not communicate.
The second scene: find again. It is still the season of spring, or the gateway where flowers and trees are in full bloom and peach trees are hidden. However, people who add luster to all this don't know where they went, only a peach tree in front of the door is still smiling in the spring breeze. The association of spring breeze and peach blossom smile comes from the fact that peach blossoms set each other off in red. On this day last year, the girl I met unexpectedly standing under the peach tree must have a deep smile; Today's peach blossom, with a sad face and a smile, can only arouse the good memories of the past and the feeling that the good times are not often there. The word "return" contains infinite disappointment.
In fact, the whole poem is based on the theme of peach blossom with human face. Through the comparison between last year and today, the poet's feelings caused by these two different experiences are expressed in a reciprocating and tortuous way. Contrast and thinking play an extremely important role in this poem. Because it is written about the memory of lost beautiful things, this kind of memory is particularly precious, beautiful and full of emotion, which is a vivid description of peach blossom; It is precisely because of such beautiful memories that I feel particularly disappointed to lose something beautiful, so some people don't know where to go, and the peach blossom still smiles with the feeling of spring breeze.
Although this poem has some plot, legendary ability and even drama, it is not a narrative poem, but a lyric poem. Skills may contribute to its wide spread, but its typical significance lies in describing a certain life experience, rather than telling a story that people are interested in. It explains a common life experience: when you accidentally meet something beautiful, you deliberately pursue it, but you can't get it back. This may be one of the reasons why this poem has maintained its enduring artistic vitality.
It can be written as a narrative poem that looks for spring, meets splendor and fails to find it. The author didn't write it like this, but it just shows that Tang people are more accustomed to feeling the events in life with the eyes and feelings of lyric poets.