Gu Lang Yue Xing
Original poem
Gu Lang Yue Xing
Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
Hours Recognize the moon and call it a white jade plate. I also suspected that the Yao Tai Mirror was flying in the blue clouds. The immortal has his legs hanging down, and the osmanthus tree is not round.
The white rabbit pounded the medicine and asked who he wanted to eat with? The toad has eroded its round shadow, and the bright night has faded away. Yi fell from the Nine Crows in the past, and the heavens and humans were clear and peaceful.
The Yin essence has fallen into confusion, and it is not enough to understand it. What's wrong with it? The sadness is heartbreaking.
Explanation
"Gu Lang Yue Xing" is an ancient five-character poem written by Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The author uses romantic techniques and rich imagination and myths and legends to express the author's childish and beautiful understanding of the moon in his childhood. A Yuefu poem. "Gu Lang Yue Xing" is an ancient Yuefu title and belongs to the "Miscellaneous Songs and Songs".
This poem was probably written by Li Bai in response to the political darkness at that time. In his later years, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in sensuality and favored Concubine Yang. He became a powerful traitor, eunuch and border general, and made the country a mess. The poem "The toad has eroded its round shadow, and the bright night has faded" seems to be a satire on this gloomy situation. Shen Deqian said that this "implies that the imperial concubine can deceive the Lord." ("Tang Poems") However, the poet's main purpose is not clearly stated. Instead, he uses cryptic language throughout the poem, turning reality into an illusion, and using toads to eclipse the moon to allude to reality. It is very profound and tortuous. One novel and wonderful imagination after another in the poem shows the poet's ups and downs of emotions, and the words are flowing, charming and thought-provoking, reflecting the majestic, unrestrained, fresh and elegant style of Li Bai's poetry.
Notes
1. Call as: called.
2. White jade plate: a plate made of white jade.
3. Doubt: doubt.
4. Yaotai: the legendary place where gods live. Source: Volume 3 of "The Biography of Emperor Mu": "The Emperor visited the Queen Mother of the West, and the Emperor visited the Queen Mother of the West on the Yaochi. The Queen Mother of the West sang a ballad for the Emperor: 'White clouds are in the sky, and the mountains and tombs come out. The road is far away, between the mountains and rivers. The general will not die. , The emperor replied: "I will return to the east, and the people of Xia will be equal. I will see you in three years." "Wudi Nei Zhuan" said. His mother is "Xuandu Amu".
5. The immortal has two legs hanging down: It means that there are immortals and laurel trees in the moon. When the moon was first born, the two feet of the immortal were first seen. As the moon gradually became fuller, the full shape of the immortal and the osmanthus tree were seen. Immortal, it is said that the driver who drives the moon is called Shu Wang, also known as Xian'a.
6. Tuantuan: round shape.
7. The white rabbit has made the medicine, and asked who he wants to eat with it: The white rabbit is always busy making the medicine, but who is it for? There is an implication of criticizing the elixir of life. Ask words, ask. Words, language particles, no real meaning. With whom, one writes "Who with"
8. Toad: "The Comprehensive Meaning of the Five Classics": "There are rabbits and toads in the middle of the moon." Toad, it is said that there is a three-legged toad in the middle of the moon, so ancient poems often use "Toad" refers to the moon. But the toad in this poem refers to something else.
9. Round shadow: refers to the moon.
10. Yi: the hero who shot down nine suns in ancient Chinese mythology. "Huainanzi Benjing Xun" records: In the time of Yao, when the ten days came together, all the grass and trees withered. Yao ordered Yi to shoot upwards for ten days, and nine of them were hit. The "Crow" below is the day, "Tongyi of the Five Classics": "There are three-legged crows in the sun." Therefore, the sun is also called Yangcrow.
11. Heavenly beings: heaven and earth.
12. Yin Jing: "Historical Records Tianguan Shu": "The moon is the yin of heaven and earth, and the essence of gold." Yin Jing also refers to the moon.
13. Confusion: sinking into confusion.
14. Go away: go away, go further and further away.
15. Sadness: sadness.
Translation
When I was a child, I didn’t know the moon and called it a white jade plate.
I also suspected that it was a fairy mirror from Yaotai, flying above the blue clouds in the night sky.
Does the immortal in the moon hang his feet? Why does the laurel tree grow round in the middle of the moon?
Who is the elixir made by the white rabbit for?
The toad gnawed the full moon into pieces, making the bright moon dim and unclear.
Hou Yi shot down nine suns, thus avoiding disasters in heaven and earth.
The moon has disappeared and is confusing. There is nothing to see, so it is better to walk away.
How could I bear to leave when I was so worried? The misery and sadness made me heartbroken.
Appreciation
Li Bai's "Gu Long Yue Xing" and Bao Zhao's "Long Moon Xing" are about beautiful women singing to the moon string. Li Bai adopted this title, so it was called "Gu Long Yue Xing", but he did not follow the old content. The poet uses romantic creative methods, through rich imagination, clever processing of myths and legends, and strong lyricism, to form a magnificent, magical and profound artistic image. The poem first describes the childish understanding of the moon in childhood: "I didn't know the moon when I was young, and I called it a white jade plate. I also doubted the moonlight, flying in the blue clouds." Using "white jade plate" and "Yaotai mirror" as metaphors, it is vivid The shape, color and moonlight are bright and lovely, which makes people feel very novel and interesting. The two verbs "hu" and "suspect" convey the innocence and innocence of children. These four lines of poetry seem to be written by hand, but they are full of emotion and inspiration. Then, he writes about the rising of the moon: "The immortal hangs his legs, how can the osmanthus tree be bunched up? The white rabbit pounded the medicine, and asked who he wanted to eat with?" Ancient mythology says that there are immortals, osmanthus trees, and white rabbits in the middle of the moon.
When the moon rises, I first see the two feet of the immortal, and then gradually see the entire image of the immortal and the osmanthus tree, see a full moon, and see the white rabbit pounding medicine in the moon. The poet used this myth and legend to write about the gradually brightening and fairyland-like scenery when the moon was born. However, the good times did not last long, and the moon gradually eclipsed from a circle: "The toad eclipses the round shadow, and the bright night is gone." Toad, commonly known as toad; Ming Dynasty, refers to the moon.
It is said that a lunar eclipse is caused by a toad eating the moon. The moon was eaten by the toad and was damaged, making it dark and unclear. "Yi has fallen into the clouds, and heaven and man are pure and peaceful", which expresses the poet's emotion and hope. Hou Yi, who was good at shooting in ancient times, shot down nine suns, leaving only one, which saved heaven and man from disaster. The poet introduces such a hero here, not only to lament the lack of such a hero in reality, but also to hope that there will be such a hero to wipe out the world. However, reality is reality after all, and the poet is deeply disappointed: "The Yin spirit has become confused, and it is not enough to see if it goes away." Since the moon has disappeared and is confused, there is nothing to see, so it is better to leave as soon as possible. This is a helpless solution. Not only is the worry and anger in his heart not relieved, but it is deepened: "Why does worry come? Sadness destroys the heart and liver." The poet couldn't bear to leave, and he was full of internal contradictions and worried.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia
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