1. According to the rhythm, poetry can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and modern poetry.
2. According to the content, it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, frontier poems, pastoral poems, nostalgic poems, mourning poems and satirical poems.
The question about all kinds of poems is quite complicated. The editor of 300 Tang Poems divides poems into three categories: classical poems, regular poems and quatrains, and Yuefu is attached to these three categories. Ancient poems, regular poems and quatrains are divided into five words and seven words respectively. This is a kind of division. The classification of Tang Poetry Biecai compiled by Shen Deqian is slightly different: he did not separate Yuefu, but added the category of five-character poems. Du Fu's poems compiled by Guo Songzhida are simply divided into two categories: ancient poems and modern poems. Now we try to discuss the above three categories with reference to other categories.
From the perspective of meter, poetry can be divided into modern poetry of classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry or ancient style; Modern poetry is also called modern poetry. From the word count, there are four-character poems, five-character poems, seven-character poems and rare six-character poems.
After the Tang Dynasty, there were few four-character poems, so the general poetry collections were divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems, one of which was antique and the other was modern poetry.
Classical poetry is written in the style of ancient poetry. In the eyes of the Tang Dynasty, everything from the Book of Songs to Geng Xin in the Southern and Northern Dynasties is ancient. Therefore, there is no certain standard for imitating ancient poetry. However, the classical poems written by poets are consistent in one thing, that is, they are not bound by the rules of modern poetry. We can say that anything that is not bound by modern poetic meter is everything.
Yuefu came into being in the Han Dynasty. It was originally accompanied by music, so it was called Yuefu or Yuefu Poetry. This kind of Yuefu poetry is called Qu, Ci, Song, Xing and so on. After the Tang dynasty, the ancient poems written by literati imitating this style were also called Yuefu, but they were no longer called Yuefu. Because in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a transitional period before the emergence of ci, modern poetry used new music to write ci, such as Cheng Wei Qu by Wang Wei and Qing Ping Diao by Li Bai.
Modern poetry is represented by metrical poetry. Rhyme, flatness and antithesis are all particular. It is called metrical poem because of its strict metrical rules. Rhyme poetry has the following four characteristics:
A. Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws.
B. flat rhyme;
C. the level of each sentence is stipulated;
D. every article should have antithesis, and the position of antithesis is also stipulated.
There is a kind of metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long rhythm. Long rhythm is naturally a modern poem. Long rhyme is generally five words, and the number of rhymes is often indicated on the title. For example, Du Fu's "Thirty-six Rhymes on the Pillow in a Wind-storm Boat" is 360 words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail connection), so it is also called parallelism.
The number of words in quatrains is half of that in metrical poems. Five-character quatrains are only twenty crosses, and seven-character quatrains are only twenty-eight.
In fact, quatrains can be divided into ancient quatrains and strict quatrains.
Rhyme can be used in ancient times. Even if it rhymes, it is not bound by the rhyme rules of modern poetry. This can be classified as ancient poetry.
Rhyme is not only a flat rhyme, but also follows the flat rule of modern poetry. In form, they are equivalent to semi-metrical poems and can be classified as modern poems.
To sum up, the so-called ancient poetry generally belongs to ancient poetry, while the regular poetry (including long law) belongs to modern poetry, Yuefu poetry and quatrains, some of which belong to ancient poetry and some belong to modern poetry.
Five words are five words and one sentence, and seven words are seven words and one sentence. Five-character poems are referred to as five laws, and seven-character poems are referred to as seven laws; Five-character quatrains are referred to as five-character quatrains, and seven-character quatrains are referred to as seven-character quatrains.
Antique can be divided into five ancient styles and seven ancient styles, which is only a rough division. In fact, in addition to five words and seven words, there are so-called miscellaneous words. Miscellaneous words refer to long and short sentences mixed together, mainly three, five and seven sentences, and occasionally four, six and more than seven words. Miscellaneous poems are generally not classified as ancient seven-style. There are not even seven sentences in the article.
There are also seven laws of words, such as Du Fu's Qingming Festival.
(2) The Poems of Du Fu, edited by Guo, classified most quatrains as modern poems, while The Variety of Poems, edited by Yuan Zhen, simply classified such quatrains as rhythmic poems.
Classification of modern poetry
1. Narrative poems and lyrics.
2. Metric poems, free poems and prose poems are classified according to the phonological rhythm and structural form of the language of the works.