English major paper format specifications
A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms
(Title: No. 2, boldface, bold, centered, except English small Except for words, the first letters of other words must be capitalized; in addition: except for the title, all English fonts in the paper use "Times New Roman")
(College, major, student number, author's name, supervisor Teacher’s name (small 4-size Song font, bold), printed in sequence under the paper title, two lines above, centered)
Abstract This paper centers on the different expressions of… (English abstract: two lines above) ; The title should be in size 5 "Times New
Roman" font, bold, placed within bold square brackets, placed at the top; there should be a space between the following content and the previous bold square brackets, no need to Any other punctuation marks; use size 5 "Times
New Roman" font, not bold; single-spaced)
Key Words idiom; comparison; English; Chinese
(English keywords: The title should be in size 5 "Times New
Roman" font, bold, the first letters of the two words should be capitalized, placed in bold square brackets, and placed in the top box; There should be a space between the following content and the previous bold square brackets. No other punctuation marks are used. The font is size 5 "Times New Roman" and is not bold. Except for proper nouns, the first letters of other words are not capitalized. Separate each word with a semicolon ";", leave a space after the semicolon; do not use any punctuation after the last keyword; single line spacing)
1. Introduction
< p>(In the top case, except for the first word and proper nouns, do not capitalize the first letters of other words; do not use any punctuation marks at the end of the title, with two lines above it)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to
focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms
of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression
( Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999).
(The first line of the paragraph is indented by 4 English characters; the marking method of parentheses: the author appearing in the parentheses must be the same as the author who appears at the end of the text. References form a one-to-one correspondence; pay attention to the punctuation marks between one or more authors, the notation of time, page numbers, etc.; in addition, the authors of Chinese references must appear in pinyin form, and Chinese surnames cannot appear; intertitles appear at the punctuation points before the symbol)
2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms
In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:
(1) I don't know. I have no idea. (2) I am not a poet. I am not a poet. (The examples in the text are numbered (1), (2)... until the last example; and ①, ②... are the superscript numbers of footnotes or endnotes)
3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms
3.1 The characteristics of English idioms
(Main text section number preparation: chapter number: 1., 2., 3.,...; section number :1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…; the section numbers are: 1.1.1,
1.1.2….
For the levels below the subsection, Greek numerals and brackets are used as order, such as (i), (ii)...; and then letters and brackets are used, such as (a),
(b),...; the title of each chapter The title of each section (and below the subsection) should be in a small four-size font and not bold but italicized; the titles of all chapters should be on a separate line, without any punctuation marks at the end) < /p>
….
In conclusion, ….
3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms
….
Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following
examples (note the other way of writing the note in this sentence):
(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose
it.
….
3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese
idioms
… (i) ….
….
< p>(ii) ….….
4. Conclusion
….
Bibliography (References) (small size 4) , bold, without any punctuation after) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New
York: OUP, 1981.
1. English The title of the paper
A long English paper (such as an English graduation thesis) generally requires a title page. The writing format is as follows: the distance between the first line of the title and the top of the printing paper is approximately the entire length of the printing paper. One-third of the line, and the distance from the lower line (usually by, centered) is 5cm. The third and fourth lines are the author's name and date respectively (both centered). If the English paper is written by a student for a certain course, the teacher's academic title and name (such as: Dr./Prof.C.Prager) and the number of the course must be printed between the author's name and the date. Name (eg: English 734 or British Novel). When printing, unless there are special requirements, each line requires double space, that is, alternate lines are printed, and the line spacing is approximately 0.6cm (the line spacing in other parts of the paper is the same).
As far as students are concerned, if the English paper is short, they can also omit the title page (and outline page), and put the content of the title page in the upper left corner of the first page of the text. The first line is the author's name, about 2.5cm away from the top of the printing paper. The following lines are the teacher's academic title and surname, course number (or name) and date; the left side of each line is aligned up and down, and a margin of about 2.5cm is left ( The same below). Next is the title and text of the paper (you only need to print alternate lines between the date and title and between the title and the first line of the text, without leaving more blank spaces).
2. English paper outline
The English paper outline page includes the thesis sentence and the outline itself. Its standard format is as follows: first on the first line (the distance from the top of the printing paper is still 2.5 cm), type the word Thesis and a colon at the beginning, leave a blank space before typing the thesis sentence, and when returning to the line, the left side must be aligned with the first letter of the thesis sentence. The main programs are marked with uppercase Roman numerals, while the minor programs are marked with uppercase English letters, Arabic numerals and lowercase English letters. Each number or letter is followed by a period. Leave a blank space before typing the first letter of the content; for programs at the same level, the left sides of the upper and lower lines must be aligned. It should be noted that there must be two or more equally important programs, that is: if there is I, there should be II, if there is A, there should be B, and so on. If the English paper outline is longer and requires two pages, the second page must be numbered with lowercase Roman numerals in the upper right corner, i.e. ii (the first page does not need to be numbered).
3. Text of the English paper
For an English paper with a title page and an outline page, the standard format of the first page of the text is: the title of the paper is in the center, and its position is about 30 inches from the top of the printing paper. 5cm, about 1.5cm from the first line of the text. The first letter of the paragraph must be indented five spaces, starting from the sixth space. The first page of the text does not need to be numbered (but the number of pages should be counted). Starting from the second page, the last name of the author of the paper must be written in the upper right corner of each page (i.e. leave the first line blank and follow it), leaving one blank. Use Arabic numerals to mark the page number after the space; the Arabic numeral (or its last digit) should be the last space in the line.
When printing the text, you need to pay attention to the printing format of punctuation marks, that is: there should be two spaces after the end of the sentence (period, question mark and exclamation mark), and one space after other punctuation marks.
4. In-text citations in English papers
Correctly quoting the original text of the work or the discussions of experts and scholars is an important part of writing a good English paper; it is necessary to pay attention to the organic unity of the quotation and the paper, That is to say, its logic, but also the standardization of the citation format (that is, the references of English papers). Quoting other people's opinions can be done directly or indirectly. Regardless of the method used, the author of the paper must indicate the author and source of the quoted text. The current common practice in American academic circles is to indicate the author and source of the citation in parentheses after the citation. Based on the different situations quoted in the article, some standard formats are described below.
1. If the citation is less than three lines, the citation can be integrated into the paper organically. For example:
The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe” (Roper9).
Here, in parentheses Roper is the surname of the author of the citation (it is not necessary to indicate the full name); the Arabic numerals are the page number of the citation (do not write it as p.9); there needs to be a space between the author's last name and the page number, but no punctuation is required; periods should be placed after the second parentheses.
2. If the quoted text exceeds three lines, the citation should be separated from the text of the paper, as shown in the following example:
Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”
is an admirable and characteristic
diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it
Whitman is unable to conceive the
p>
extreme crises of society, one is certain
that no society would be tolerable whoses
citizens could not find refreshment in its
buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)
There are two points to note about the format here. First, each line of the quotation should be ten spaces from the first letter to the left of the English paper, that is, it should start from the eleventh space; second, the quotation does not need to be in quotation marks, and the period at the end should be marked after the last word.
3. If you need to insert notes in the quotation and explain certain words, you must use square brackets (round brackets are not used). For example:
Dr.Beaman points out that “he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism” (9).
Notable What is interesting is that in this example, the surname of the author of the citation has already appeared in the introductory sentence, so only the page number of the source of the citation needs to be indicated in parentheses.
4. If there are words in the text to be quoted that are irrelevant to the paper and need to be deleted, ellipses must be used. If the ellipsis appears in the citation, use three dots. If it appears at the end of the citation, use four dots. The last dot represents a period and is placed after the second parenthesis (generally speaking, avoid using ellipses at the beginning of the citation) ; There needs to be a space between dots and letters, or between dots. Such as:
Mary Shelley hated tyranny and "looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).
p>
5. If the quotation comes from a multi-volume book, in addition to the author's surname and page number, the volume number must also be indicated.
For example:
Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers "a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury" (Chen,1:i).
The 1 in parentheses is the volume number, and the lowercase Roman numeral i is the page number, indicating that the quotation comes from the preface of Volume 1 (introduction, preface, introduction, etc. often use lowercase Roman numerals to indicate page numbers). In addition, the book title A History of English Literature is underlined; the standard format is: book titles, including titles of works published in book form (such as "Paradise Lost"), must be underlined or in italics; for other works, For example, the titles of poems, essays, short stories, etc. are marked with double quotation marks, such as "To Autumn" and "Democratic Vistas" that appear before it.
6. If two or more works of the same author are cited in an English paper, in addition to the cited author and page number, the title of the work must also be indicated. For example:
Bacon condemned Platoas "an obstacle to science" (Farrington, Philosophy 35).
Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine( Aristotle 15).
These two examples quote two works of Farrington respectively, so the titles of the cited books are noted in their respective parentheses to avoid confusion. The titles of both works are in abbreviated form (if the title is too long, the abbreviated form must be used when indicating in parentheses), and their full names are Founder of Scientific Philosophy and The Philosophy of Francis Bacon and Aristotle respectively.
7. When analyzing poetry, it is often necessary to quote the original poem. The citation format is as shown in the following example.
When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface, "The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed..." (1.1620-21).
Here, the quoted verses are separated by a slash, and there must be a space between the slash and the preceding and following letters and punctuation marks; the lowercase 1 in the parentheses is the abbreviation of line; 21 does not need to be written as 1621. If the quoted verse exceeds three lines, it is still necessary to separate the quoted verse from the text of the paper (see item 4, point 2).
5. Bibliography of English papers
After the main text, the author of the paper must provide the detailed publication status of all citations in the paper, that is, the bibliography page. American universities generally call this page Works Cited, and the following points must be noted in its format:
1. The table of contents page should be separated from the main text, printed on another page, and placed after the main text.
2. The table of contents page should be regarded as one page of the English paper. The surname and page number of the author of the paper should be indicated in the upper right corner in the order of the paper page number; if there are many entries and more than one page, the first page It is not necessary to indicate the author's last name and page number (but the number of pages must be counted). The remaining pages should still be marked with the author's last name and page number in order. The distance between the title Works Cited and the top of the printing paper is about 2.5cm, and the distance from the first line in the first entry is still 0.6cm; the distance between each entry and each line is also 0.6cm, there is no need to leave more blank.
3. The order of the content of each entry is the author's surname, first name, work title, publisher name, place of publication, year of publication, starting and ending page numbers, etc.; each entry should be arranged strictly in the first alphabetical order of the author's surname. , but do not code each item, and do not separate book strips from magazine, journal, etc. items.
4. The first line of each entry must be printed at the top of the line, and each line must be indented five spaces to distinguish this entry from other entries.
Some of the more special items are now listed below, with brief explanations for readers’ reference.
Two or More Books by the Same Author
Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A
Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.
---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,
Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP, 1963.
Quote For multiple works by the same author, you only need to indicate the author's name in the first entry, and use three hyphens and a period to replace the author's name in the remaining entries; each entry must be based on the first word (prefix) of the book title. (except words) in alphabetical order.
An Author with an Editor
Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.
Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959 .
This entry lists the name of the author Shakespeare at the front and the editor's name (not reversed) at the back to indicate that the quotation is from The Tragedy of Macbeth; if the quotation is from the preface, introduction, etc. written by the editor, The editor's name needs to be placed first, such as:
Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:
Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribner's, < /p>
1962.vii-xxxix.
If the introduction and the book are written by the same person, the format is as follows (just indicate the author's last name after By): < /p>
Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.
London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.
A Multivolume Work
< p>Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.
Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.
The first entry indicates that the work is in 4 volumes, and the author of the paper The contents of each volume were used; the second entry indicates that the author of the paper only used the contents of Volume 2.
A Selection from an Anthology
Abram, M. H. "English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age."
Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New < /p>
York: Columbia UP, 1963.63-88.
The name of the cited English paper must be marked in quotation marks, and the period after the English paper name must be placed within the quotation marks. The starting and ending page numbers of the article in the anthology must be indicated at the end of the entry.
Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers
Otto, Mary L. "Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents."
Personnel and Guidance Journal 62( 1984): 336-48