There are many ways to express poetry. The traditional way of expression that was first popular in China and is still often used today is "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu."
In the meantime, there is a quatrain called: "Three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars, and four poems are elegant."
In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems.
Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth."
For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. " Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way.
Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy. Take the metaphor as an example. Those who quote plants, birds and beasts in poetry and prose are happy. " Zhu pointed out more clearly: "If you are interested, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." For example, Guan Ju in The Book of Songs is the expression of "Xing".
These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties.
2. Describe the ancient poem 1, "Yangzhou will enjoy Lotte for the first time"
Don Liu Yuxi
On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.
translate
There are still thousands of sailboats from Qian Qian passing by the capsized ships; There are thousands of trees thriving in front of the dead trees.
2. Persuade learning
Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing
Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read.
Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young.
translate
Midnight is the best time for boys to study every day.
When I was a teenager, I only knew how to play and didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted why I didn't know how to study hard when I was young.
3. Wind
Tang Dynasty: Li Qiao
It can blow off the golden leaves in autumn and bloom beautiful flowers in spring.
Scraping the river surface can set off several huge waves in thousands of feet, and blowing bamboo can make tens of thousands of poles tilt.
translate
It can blow off golden leaves in autumn and produce beautiful flowers in spring.
Blowing across the river can set off huge waves in thousands of feet, and blowing into bamboo forests can make ten thousand poles tilt.
4. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems, its 220
Qing Dynasty: Gong Zizhen
Only the great explosive power of lightning can make the land of China exude vitality, but the social and political situation is not angry, but a kind of sadness.
I advise God to cheer up and not stick to certain norms to belittle more people.
translate
Only thunderous power can make the land of China full of vitality, but the social and political situation is dead after all, which is a kind of sadness.
I advise god to cheer up, don't stick to certain specifications and get rid of more talents.
5. At Helen's cabin
Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
translate
The sunset slowly sinks beside the western hills, and the Yellow River rushes to the East China Sea.
If you want to see the scenery of Wan Li, you must climb a higher tower.
3. Describe the lines that set sail on the Yangtze River, when it was raining in Mao Mao.
-Interpretation of Zhang Qiao's "Sending Friends to Hunan": Sailing on the Yangtze River, john young set sail in the drizzle. I once swam across Wu Chu and listened to the spring rain in Qinhuai at night.
-Interpretation of Lu You's "Send Wang Chengzhi to Service": Once upon a time, I crossed the land of Wu Chu in john young and stayed at Qinhuai for the night to feel the spring rain. Looking around, the water vapor on Jiangpu, the rising moon and white sails on the sea.
-Interpretation of Li Bai's "Jingmen Looking at Jiang Tu in Sichuan": Looking at it, the water vapor on Jiangpu gathers, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the white sail. Clouds break horses, sails break the sea.
-Interpretation of Meng Haoran's Looking for Tiantai Mountain: Stop on the road to have a rest, and then john young will cross the sea. One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
-Interpretation of Li Bai's Difficult Walk: I believe that one day, I can ride the wind and break the waves; Hang Yun Fan high and move forward in the sea! When Fujian set sail, Toad lost his last contact. -Interpretation of Jia Dao's Yishui Poetry: Since you set sail for Fujian, it has been months and months.
In autumn, the sails on the river are far away, and Baidicheng is sparse along the Yellow River. —— Interpretation of Gao Shi's "To Li and Wang, the Deputy Commanders" was relegated to the middle of summer and Changsha: the autumn is crisp, the sails on the breeze river are far away, and the yellow leaves on the edge of Baidi City are sparse.
Hang a sail, fly an oar and cross Diaoyutai Road. -Interpretation of Su Shi's Zhu Yingtai Hanging Light Sail: The sail hangs lightly, and the oars fly quickly. After a holiday stroll in a city, they came to the fishing river in Yan Ziling.
Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail. -Interpretation of Wang Wan's "The Next Berth on Beibao Mountain": The high tide has widened the water between the two banks, and sail before the wind just hung the sail high.
When the sky meets the clouds, the Milky Way wants to turn to Qian Fan dance. -Interpretation of Li Qingzhao's "The fisherman is proud, and the sky meets the clouds and the fog": the sky is foggy and the morning fog is foggy.
The Milky Way is turning, and Qian Fan is drifting like a shuttle. Poetry and prose expand "Send a friend to Hunan" Tang: Zhang Qiao's investment is not an old acquaintance, but it seems to have an early stage.
Yangzijiang Road, when the sail is raining. Nanyue is born early in spring, but it turns wild late in the day.
Take the xiaoxiang sentence and come back early. "Sent to Service" Time: Song Author: Lu You I once went boating and stayed at Qinhuai to listen to the spring rain.
In the Ming dynasty, he was crowned with a long cabinet, insulting the public by mistake and asking for good or ill luck. It is time for people to get to know each other for the first time.
Intimate investment is divided into several words, and jade is a breeze. Yecheng drunk mo cliff perches on the wall, and the long dry ancestors take photos.
The public tried the students behind closed doors, sitting and sighing. I have been here for 30 years, and I want to talk about the past and travel for no reason.
I'm afraid every smiling encounter gives me courage to return. When you are late, you will go back to the city, and you will be ashamed of your idea.
Suddenly I heard that the seal was sad and regretted getting drunk from the public in a few days. The imperial court has been empty for three years, and it is like a public discussion on the stage.
Rong He Tam JIU Husha, don't give more fame in this section. "Jingmen Wu Wang Shu Shui" Tang Dynasty: Li Bai came to the Moon Gorge in spring and looked forward to Anji? Peach blossoms on the river, like the hometown of Jinjiang, are full of spring.
The river is bright green, vast, boiling and balanced. The mountains on both sides of the strait start from the water, and the land of Jingzhou is flush with the land, but the water vapor of Chu is transpiration, and the towering clouds sway.
Wild geese bathe in the sand, and orioles singing in the valley are as beautiful as flowers. The green sand bar seems to turn around the cruise ship, and the green trees in the mainland open their arms to me.
Looking around, the water vapor on Jiangpu, the rising moon and white sails on the sea. Jiangling knows fire from afar and should go to Miyagi.
Looking for Tiantai Mountain in Tang Dynasty: Meng Haoran, my friend Tai Ziyi, was lying in Chicheng at dinner. If you want to find the top, you are not afraid of the name of Liu.
Clouds break horses, sails break the sea. On the green heights, I can see Liang Shi in the distance.
It is hard to go in Tang Dynasty: The cost of Li Bai and pure wine is a gold cup, 10,000 coppers for a hip flask, and 10,000 yuan for shame. I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow. I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.
Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today. One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
4. Seek a famous poem in The Book of Songs, which never sleeps and never fails. Feng Wei for Self-protection gave me a peach, and I rewarded it with Qiong Yao. "Feng Wei Papaya" took a small look, but I didn't see it for a day, such as Xi. "Brother Wang Feng Cuisine" is stormy and crowded. Now that I see a gentleman, I don't like it. Zheng Feng Storm is a lingering green flower in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? "Zheng Feng Jin Zi" is the owner of the mouse. I can't help eating millet! Feng Wei said that the Iraqi people stand on the side of water. Qin Feng Jiajian said that he had no clothes, and he had the same robes as his son. Qin Feng is naked, yo yo Luming Literature, wild apple. Xiaoya, Luming Literature and Luming Literature, the stone of other mountains, can attack jade. Is The Book of Songs Xiaoya Hongyan the domain of Wang Chen? "Beishan" gave me a peach and rewarded me with Li. "Elegant and reserved".