1. form
As a noun, it includes the meanings of form, form, shape, shape, mode, structure, table, step, expression, genre and template.
As a verb, it includes the meanings of formation, formation, arrangement, formation, formation and derivation.
2. Briefly describe the four forms of paradigm, and list each form.
The primitive paradigm is embodied in the original ecological simple visual behavior and naive semi-abstract symbols. Planarization and decoration of indigenous art, children's art, religious art, folk art and childish art have become the main forms of expression, and some mysterious concepts and symbolic meanings, original graffiti interest and abstract techniques of game meaning have become the starting point of the original paradigm.
Classical paradigm is embodied in obvious rational visual logic and iconicity reproduction style, and advocates balanced, concise and elegant style.
Under the guidance of the idea of imitation, the goal is to pursue real representation as a visual form, and the realization of this similarity is based on the research and practice of science, technology and theory such as anatomy, perspective, composition, light and shade, chromatics and so on.
Under the guidance of the concept of harmony, diversity and unity are another goal pursued by the formal effect, and the realization of this "formal beauty" is based on the relationship between proportion and scale, symmetry and balance, rhythm and rhythm, virtual reality and density, and finally achieves an orderly, procedural and decorative effect.
Modern paradigm is embodied in highly formalized visual language and pure expression technology. The artistic style develops from reappearance to expression, and the independence of expression tends to noumenon. The formal feature is that it replaces the contradiction between three-dimensional space and plane, and focuses on the expression of the spatial relationship of specific entities, grasping the single factor after decomposition, such as color, surface, brushwork, lines, decoration system and so on. And play to the extreme.
Postmodernism paradigm is embodied in the visual schema of experience and the image technology of simulacra, and the artistic expression style is mixed, such as pluralism and compromise, such as fracture, local or fragmentation, such as dispersion or diffusion. , and use decoration, metaphor, context, irony and other means to emphasize the elimination of traditional habits or all system systems and all depth modes, and deny the universal and closed structure or all system systems and all depth modes in the production of works. The composition features of postmodern art forms are considered as "mixed genre" and "visual carnival", such as genre, collage, gaudiness, graffiti, installation, behavior and so on. So it is different from classical form and modern form, and it has no fixed and complete vocabulary.
Explanation of nouns in empirical paradigm
Are you asking the paradigm of positivism? Positivism research paradigm Although there are many management research paradigms, traditional paradigms all try to establish descriptive or normative management theories according to managers' personal experience and environmental conditions, or systematic, psychological, social, economic and ethical requirements, so as to guide managers' future behavior. Since the 1960s, some new paradigms have emerged in the study of western management theories, aiming at constructing some new management theories by means of prediction, verification and falsification. This is the mainstream research method of modern management research-empirical research method.
In fact, positivism research paradigm has been successfully applied to many other social sciences and natural sciences. The biggest advantage of this research method can be summarized as follows: the empirical scientific method has the characteristics that other methods of acquiring knowledge do not have: self-con 'ee, and there are many internal tests in the whole process of acquiring scientific knowledge. These tests can be used to control and verify the actions and conclusions of management scientists in the process of acquiring reliable knowledge outside themselves.
Dongpo paradigm of noun interpretation
award bonus points
Kunxi style is a poetic style in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty in China, which pursues gorgeous rhetoric and neat antithesis.
In the early Song Dynasty, Yang Yi and He Qian met in the secret pavilion of the Emperor's library during their stay in Jingdezhen to Dazhong Xiangfu, and compiled Yuan Gui of Bookstore. They compiled poems written in their spare time into Quincy Awards. This collection of poems had a great influence at that time, and students followed suit, nicknamed "Kunxi Style", which was popular in the early Song Dynasty for decades.
Li Shangyin, the patriarchal clan system of Kunxi poets. Most of them have good lyrics cultivation and skillful skills, and are good at collecting a large number of allusions and predecessors' quips in their poems in order to have profound meanings. His works are generally harmonious in melody and beautiful in words, which have certain artistic value. However, Kunxi poets just imitate blindly, lack true feelings and rigidly copy Li Shangyin's poems, allusions and words, so they are ridiculed as "ruining Li Shangyin to pieces" and even attacked as "strange" by stone agents of the retro school. Later, Ouyang Xiu, Mei and others created a new poetic style, but it came to an end.
Wutai Poetry Case baike.baidu/view/71138? WTP = TT
The name of Jiangxi Poetry School began in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early years of Song Huizong. Lu Benzhong first proposed the name of "Jiangxi Poetry School" in his "Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry School". There are 25 people in Jiangxi Poetry School led by Huang Tingjian, including Chen, among whom 10 people are from Jiangxi. Their poetic styles are all the same, and they all follow Huang Tingjian's poetic style, so they are called "Jiangxi Poetry School".
Jiangxi Poetry School has many members and far-reaching influence. When Fang Hui compiled Ying Sui in Yuan Dynasty, Du Fu was called the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School because the members of the poetry school learned more from Du Fu, while Huang Tingjian, Chen were called the "schools" of Jiangxi Poetry School and put forward the theory of "one ancestor and three schools". At this time, Jiangxi poetry school was stereotyped and formed a unique poetry school.
The founders and representatives of metrical ci school are Jiang Kui, Zhang Yan, Wang, and others.
Baike.baidu/view/ 14622? , is a symphonic poet. wtp=tt
"Truth" is the characteristic of Yang Wanli's poetry creation in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The most prominent feature of "Chengzhai style" is that it is good at keenly discovering and quickly grasping all natural things and interesting aesthetic scenes that are difficult for ordinary people to find or easily ignore in daily life. Another feature is to pay attention to integrating yourself into the description of the scenery. Ha ha! !
Yongjiasiling
The school of poetry in China in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty represents a tendency of poetry creation in the late Southern Song Dynasty. The Four Spirits of Yongjia refers to four poets who grew up in Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang): Zhao Xu (word), Ji Xu (word Lingyuan), Zhao Shixiu (word Lingxiu) and Weng Juan (word Lingshu). Because they all come from the gate of Ye Shi of Yongjia school, and their words or numbers all have the word "spirit", they are called Yongjia Four Spirits. Of these four people, Zhao Xu and Weng Juan are cloth-clad, while Ji Xu and Zhao Shixiu have been junior officials. Their poetic style inherited the poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty, and they chose the path of the late Tang poets Jia Dao and Yao He, demanding to write wild, carefree and boring with fresh and engraved words. The poetic style is characterized by inheriting the traditions of landscape poets and pastoral poets, and being satisfied with the leisure life of arrogant pastoral and sentimental spring. In art, he can also deliberately seek work, avoid using allusions, and still paint in a simple way, ignoring the ancient style and emphasizing the modern style, especially the five laws. It even requires that the number of words in the whole poem should not exceed 40 words. To a great extent, it corrected the habit of Jiangxi poets to take learning as poetry. Their achievements were extremely limited, but they were widely reflected in the poetry circles at that time.
"Yongjia Four Spirits" is a unique school of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty. For predecessors, it reformed Jiangxi Poetry School and got rid of its disadvantages. Yes, later, it started the Jianghu Poetry School, and then innovated and developed. The development of Song poetry is summarized as "four changes" in the preface to the Chronology of Song Poetry, and the third change is from "four masters" such as Lu You to "Yongjia Four Spirits". The poems of "Four Spirits" are not "chilling and lamenting", nor are they far away from social reality, but only reveal "narrow psychology". It should have a high position in the history of poetry in Song Dynasty. The evaluation of its cognitive value and aesthetic value, especially its active use of the world, needs to break through the long-standing thinking mode and increase the awareness of pluralism and tolerance.