Changxin Autumn Poems (Part 1) Wang Changling
The autumn leaves of Jinjing Wutong are yellow, and the bead curtains are not rolled up by the night frost.
The jade pillow in the fumigated cage has no color, and when I lie down, I listen to Nangong’s clear and long leaks.
This poem about palace resentment uses deep and subtle writing methods and adopts the technique of using scenery to express emotions. It writes about a girl who has been deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness, and how she feels in the desolate and lonely palace. The scene of lying alone and listening to uterine leakage. This is a sleepless night cut from the girl's tragic life.
In this sleepless night, the person in the poem is full of worries and knots of sorrow. She should be filled with endless resentment. There are only four sentences in this poem, with a total of twenty-eight words. It can be said that even if every word is filled with resentment, I am afraid it still cannot express her resentment. However, the author did not hesitate to use the first three sentences to describe the scenery, leaving only the last sentence to describe the characters, and there was no explicit expression of resentment in this last sentence. Written in this way, at first glance it seems that it has strayed away from the theme of the poem, but in fact it is more powerful in terms of artistic effect and expresses the theme more profoundly. This is because: although the first three sentences describe the scene, they do not describe the scene for the sake of describing the scene. They serve the appearance of the final character. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the four lines of the poem are integrated into a whole. Regardless of the description of the scene or the person, they all serve to express resentment.
This poem is titled "Autumn Ci". Its first sentence breaks the theme with the sycamore trees beside the well and the yellow spots of autumn leaves, which also play the role of exaggerating the color and setting off the atmosphere. It introduces readers into a bleak and lonely environment at the beginning. In the second sentence, the bead curtain is not rolled up and the night is cold and frosty, indicating that it is late at night, thus describing the environment as more desolate. Next, the poem turns indoors. There should be many indoor scenes to write about, but the author only selected two utensils. He writes about the smoked cage to further enhance the atmosphere of the cold night in the palace; he writes about the jade pillow to remind people of the loneliness of a sleepless person on the bed. The author also uses the word "colorless" to describe the smoke cage and jade pillow. This is both real writing and virtual writing. Real description, firstly, it shows that this is a cold palace, the utensils in the room are old and the colors are dim; secondly, it shows that it is late at night, the fire and lights are weak, and the surrounding objects are eclipsed. Dummy writing does not necessarily mean that the object itself is "colorless", but rather the subjective feeling of the person who owns the object, which is a reflection of her gloomy mood. At this point, the person in the poem is ready to speak out.
Finally, the reader finally sees a lonely and sleepless girl beside the smoke cage and on the jade pillow. At this time, when I looked back at the first three lines of the poem, I realized that the author was writing far away and gradually shrinking. The poem starts from the outdoor well, to the beaded curtain between the door, and then to the indoor smoke cage and the jade pillow on the bed. From far to near, the scenery changes every sentence, and the sentences move around, finally guiding the reader's sight to one point. , focusing on the heroine. In this way, the character's appearance is not only smooth and smooth, but also effective in attracting and developing.
After using thick ink and heavy strokes to paint the background and describe the environment, thus forcing the characters to emerge, the author only uses an objective narrative tone in the last line of the poem to describe that the heroine is lying in bed listening to uterine leakage. The way of expression is to have a case without a conclusion, to hold back but not to speak out, and to express the resentment without revealing it. The focus of the sleepless man in this sentence is the missing sound, and it is also the missing sound that attracts everyone's attention. It is on the missing sound that the author uses a dark pen to reveal his resentment and express the theme. He used the character "清" before the missing sound and the character "长" after the missing sound. This is a hint: because the people in the poem are in a desolate mood and can't sleep with sorrow, they feel that the leaking sound is desolate and long. At the same time, this poem also pointed out that the leaking sound heard came from the Nangong, the emperor's residence. The word "Nangong" is the finishing touch in the whole poem. It highlights the resentment of the people in the poem. The clever use of these hidden pens and the writing method of hiding resentment between the lines make the poem more profound, leaving endless meaning and subtext at the end of the poem.
Autumn Poems of Changxin (Part 2) Wang Changling
The autumn anvil in the high palace rings late at night, and the frost is deep, still remembering the coldness of the royal clothes.
The tailor with silver lanterns and green clothes rested and looked at the Lord of Jincheng.
Autumn Poems (Part 3)
Author: Wang Changling
The golden palace is opened with a broom, and the ball fan is wandering around.
The jade face is not as beautiful as the jackdaw, but still brings the shadow of the sun.
All notes
1. Changxin: There was Changxin Palace in the Han Dynasty. When she became emperor, Ban Jieyu was depressed and lonely in Changxin Palace. She wrote many poems to hurt herself, which are still preserved today. There are three chapters: "Ode to Self-mourning", "Ode to Punishment" and "Songs of Resentment". The latter is also known as "Tuan Fan Song" and is found in "Selected Works of Literature". Later generations suspected that it was a forged work.
2. Round fan: It is said that Banshi's "Song of Resentment" says: "The newly cracked Qi Wan Su is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into an acacia fan, the round fan looks like the bright moon. When you go in and out of your sleeves, the breeze blows. . I am always afraid that when the autumn festival comes, the cold will overwhelm the heat. I will abandon my donation box and leave my kindness behind." The poem uses a round fan as a metaphor to describe the scene of a palace maid being neglected and abandoned.
3. Zhaoyang: the name of the Han palace, "Sanfu Huangtu Weiyang Palace": "During the reign of Emperor Wu, there were Zhaoyang...and other halls in the eight districts of the harem." Ban Gu's "Xidu Fu": "Zhaoyang is particularly prosperous and prosperous in Xiaocheng". Lu Xiang notes: "Zhaoyang, the name of the palace, was the work of Emperor Cheng."
When Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Feiyan was favored, first as Jieyu, and later as queen, living in Zhaoyang Palace. After Emperor Ping came to the throne, he was deposed as a commoner and committed suicide.
Poets of the Tang Dynasty often used Chinese to describe the Tang Dynasty. This poem borrows the story of Ban Jieyu and Zhao Feiyan during the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, and uses the poetry of "Songs of Resentment" to express the loneliness of women in the harem. Every day at dawn, the palace maids who were not favored by the emperor would clean the courtyard with a broom, and then they could only spend the time with the round fan in the company. That beautiful face is not as lucky as the jackdaws flying in the sky, because they can still fly over the Zhaoyang Palace, your kindness is like the sun, and their wings still have a chance to bathe in a little luster. This is a kind of deep resentment and helplessness in life, which is a portrayal of the unfortunate life of most women in the ancient palace. The poet uses stern words to describe it and compares it with ruthless things. Fans and jackdaws are extremely insignificant, but when used here, they are thrilling. "Review of Three Style Poems of the Tang Dynasty": "The word 'pingming' contains '日影', the word 'qiu' starts from 'tuanfan', 'jackdaw' is related to 'pingming', and the word 'han' still contains 'qiu' Meaning. The rhythm of poetry is as detailed as this." "Xian Maid's Poems": "'The jade face is not as beautiful as the jackdaw, but still brings the shadow of the sun's rays', I admire the jackdaw's beauty; 'Yuan Xiang flows eastward day and night, not to worry about people living for a long time', Yuan Yuan Xiang resentment is wonderful. You can understand the implicit method.
Wang Changling is good at understanding human feelings and is good at expressing emotions for women. His poems about women are especially praised, such as "Long Letter". One of the "Five Autumn Poems": "The autumn leaves of Jinjing sycamore are yellow, and the bead curtains are not rolled up by the night frost." The jade pillow in the smoked cage has no color, and I lie down and listen to the clear water of the Nangong." Fifth: "I have been thinking about it for a long time, and I dreamed that the king was sleeping and I was doubtful. The fire shines on the West Palace to know the night drink, and it is clear that it is time to return to the road and worship grace." Also in "Spring Palace Song": "Last night the wind opened the peach trees in the well, and the moon was high in front of the Weiyang Hall. Pingyang's singing and dancing are newly favored, and the spring cold outside the curtain is bestowed with brocade robes. "Spring Resentment in the West Palace": "The night in the West Palace is quiet and the flowers are fragrant. I want to roll up the beaded curtain and the spring hate grows." "The clouds are slanting and the moon is visible in the depths, and the hazy trees are shining with the sun." "Autumn Resentment in the West Palace": "The hibiscus is not as beautiful as the beauty, and the wind in the water palace brings the fragrance of pearls and green." Who cries and covers the autumn fan? The bright moon hangs in the sky, waiting for the king."
Also attached is Meng Chi's "Changxin Palace" for reference: Where can you go after your kindness has been exhausted? There is still lingering fragrance in the dancing clothes. I hate that I am not as light as a swallow. When spring comes Also flying around the imperial curtain
Chang Xin Qiu Ci (Part 4)
Wang Changling
I have been thinking about it for a long time, and I dreamed that the king was in doubt. /p>
The Fire Shines in the West Palace and Knows the Night Drinking, When It’s Clear to Restore the Way and Serve Grace
It also expresses the resentment of the disgraced concubines, expressing their deep inner pain, but there is little art in Wang Changling’s writing. "Five Poems of Changxin Autumn" writes about palace resentment from five different perspectives, but this one has more direct lyricism and detailed psychological description.
One sentence goes straight to the point of describing the inner life of a concubine who has fallen out of favor. It means that she unexpectedly turned out to be a misfortune. This beginning seems a bit abrupt and makes people feel that there are many omissions in it. However, whether a concubine is favored or not often depends on the monarch's likes and dislikes, or purely by chance. Therefore, these concubines who have no control over their own destiny especially believe in fate. Even when she was favored, she always lived on tenterhooks, fearing that the misfortune of falling out of favor would suddenly befall her. These four words were like the words deep in the heart of this disgraced palace concubine. The heavy sigh portrays her complex psychology of always worrying about bad luck, and when it finally happens, she can't believe it, but has to admit it painfully. This kind of psychology is very inclusive. /p>
After the fate of falling out of favor came, she fell into a long period of thinking and fell into a "dream" due to "thinking". In the dream, she relived the joy of the past, showing her hope for fate and fantasy about the monarch. And re-weave the phantom of being favored in my heart, but after all, fantasy cannot replace reality. When I wake up, I still face the lonely Changxin Palace, the autumn leaves of sycamores, the bead curtains and night frost, and the long and desolate words are still heard. The copper pot is leaking. So I have to suspect that my lucky hope is just an unrealized dream. The above two sentences depict the heroine's complicated psychology in a detailed and clear way.
At the moment when the disgraced person was thinking and dreaming, dreaming and doubting, and suffering from mental pain, the nearby West Palace showed her a brightly lit scene. Needless to say, at this moment in the West Palace. They were feasting all night again, reenacting the scene of "Pingyang Singing and Dancing as a New Concubine". This scene was so familiar to her that it suddenly evoked her memory of her "New Concubine", as if she had returned. The days when I received the monarch's favor in the Fudao (the elevated passage between the palace pavilions) have become so far away now. Although the scene of receiving favor is being repeated, the gorgeous West Palace has changed its owner. "Clearly. The word "" is full of meaning and is worth chewing. It contains the vivid memories and infinite pursuit of the past in the loneliness and desolation of the disgraced person. It also contains the deep emotion and infinite regret of the past that cannot be recovered. It also reveals The deep sadness of not being able to look back on the past.
There are several contrasts implicit here. The first level is the comparison between those who have fallen out of favor and those who have gained new favor. The first level is the contrast between the joy of being "recovered and serving grace" in the past and the desolation of being in the cold palace at present. There is another level, which is the contrast between the new benefactor's present and the misfortune she may encounter in the future.
The new benefactor is repeating his past today, so how can he know that his present will not be repeated in the future? This meaning is hidden deeper, but it can be understood.
These multiple contrasts show the complex emotions of the disgraced concubine when she witnesses the lights and fire shadows of the night drinking in the West Palace in an extremely delicate and profound way. It’s gratuitous and endlessly playful,” but it doesn’t make people feel that it’s deliberately carved or painted with force. The poet seems to be just telling the scene that the heroine sees and naturally associates with it at the moment. He only uses the words "know" and "clearly" to slightly reveal some information about the inner activities. The rest is all contained in the blending. Let readers explore and appreciate the poetic artistic conception by themselves. Because of this, this poem with its direct lyricism and detailed psychological characteristics can be kept secret and maintain Wang Changling's consistent style of implicitness and subtlety.
Changxin Autumn Poems (Part 5) Wang Changling
The moon is bright in the Mid-Autumn Festival in Changxin Palace, and the sound of His Royal Highness Zhaoyang's clothes is pounding.
There are traces of grass in the white dew hall, and there is overwhelming emotion in the red tent.
Era: Tang and Five Dynasties
Author: Li Bai
Work: Song of Resentment
Content:
Fifteenth Entering the Han Palace, the flowers are smiling and red.
The king chooses the color of jade and sleeps on the golden screen.
It is recommended to take a pillow under the charming sunset moon and roll up your clothes to fall in love with the spring breeze.
I would rather know that Zhao Feiyan will be loved and hated endlessly.
Heavy sorrow can hurt people, and green temples turn into frost.
Once you are not satisfied, everything in the world is in vain.
Exchanging quails for fine wine, dancing in clothes and carving dragons. [1]
I can’t bear to describe the cold and bitterness, so I play silk tung for you.
The heart is broken and the strings are broken, and the heart is filled with sorrow at night.
Notes on the work
Notes:
[1] Quail: the name of the bird. A kind of wild goose. This refers to clothes made of its feathers. Stop: pass "tired". Carved dragon: refers to the dragon pattern carved on the dance clothes.
Brief analysis:
The poem describes the tragic fate of a palace maid from being favored to falling out of favor, which is closely related to the word "resentment" in the title of the poem.
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