Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was named Zizhan, also named Hezhong, and was known as "Dongpo Jushi". He died at the age of 64
Character Anecdotes
1. Young and frivolous
Su Dongpo's youth I read some books and was often praised by my teachers because of my intelligence. I proudly posted a couplet in front of my room: "Know all the words in the world and read all the books in the world." Later, an old white-haired woman visited Su Shi holding a profound ancient book. , Su Shi could not read the characters in the book, and the old woman used this to criticize Su Shi tactfully. So Su Shi changed the couplet to "Strive to know the characters in the world, and determined to read all the books in the world" to encourage himself, and it has been passed down as a good talk ever since.
2. Su Shi "deceived" his teacher
Su Shi was admitted to Jinshi and wrote an article in the Spring and Autumn Period called "The Theory of Honesty and Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", in which there are passages as follows: When Yao was Gao Tao was a scholar and was about to kill someone. Gao Tao said "kill three times" and Yao said "excuse three people". Therefore, the world was afraid of Gao Tao's firmness in enforcing the law, but was happy with Yao's lenient punishment. Siyue said, "Gun can use it." Yao said, "No, Gun will order the tribe." After that, he said, "Try it." How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's murder, but follow the four mountains and use Gun? However, the meaning of the saint can also be seen. Mei Shengyu, the judge at that time, admired Su Shi's article very much, but anyone with historical knowledge knows that Gao Tao was Shun's judicial officer. Is it related to Yao? Mei Shengyu didn't understand this. After reading it repeatedly, he asked Su Shi. Su Shi said that the answer was in "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Kong Rong". However, after Mei Shengyu read it many times, he still couldn't find the source, so he Ask Su Shi again. Su Shi had no choice but to answer honestly that it was his own fabrication. Mei Shengyu was even more puzzled. Su Shi said that in the "Three Kingdoms·Kong Rong Biography", Kong Rong told Cao Cao that King Zhou of Shang Dynasty rewarded Daji to Duke Zhou. Cao Cao asked if this was the case. , Kong Rong replied that it exists today, and it should also exist in ancient times. Su Shi made up such a story based on this, which made Mei Shengyu appreciate Su Shi even more.
3. Dongpo Pork
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote the famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is like dung. The rich will not accept it." Eat, the poor don't know how to cook. Slowly cook, use less water, and it will be beautiful when you get up every day. Don't worry if you are full. "It's self-beautiful" is the famous Dongpo pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish.
4. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou. He spent the last bit of his savings to buy a house and was preparing to move in. By chance, I heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unfilial descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful inquiry, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence was sold by me. There is no need to feel deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in.
5. Reciting poems at banquets
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital to take a scientific examination. Six arrogant people looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an!" The second man took away the horse meat with dignity. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd!" The third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County!" The fourth one shouted hurriedly and stretched out his hand to pick up the meat. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scrapes the bones!" The fifth one couldn't wait to snatch the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong!" The sixth arrogantly picked up the last vegetable. After all the dishes were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile. : "Brothers, please come!" Liuju people were dumbfounded.
6. Get ahead
When Su Shi was taking the examination in Beijing, the presiding judge was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was reviewing the papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, the examination papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first one, he felt that this article was very similar to what his disciple Zeng Gong had written, and he was afraid that it would be true, so he finally ranked it second. It wasn't until the release of the list that Ouyang Xiu found out that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care about it at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu admire him: "Such a young talent should really be recognized and officially accepted." Su Shi is a disciple.
7. Family gathering
After Su Shi passed away in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family and the family of Su Xiaomei, who was famous for her Three Difficulties Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of the poem, decided on the two words "cold and fragrant", and each person wrote two poems, asking them to be suitable for the scene at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond and chanted: "Water comes from the edge of the stone." The cold flowed out, and the wind came from the flowers to bring fragrance." Shaoyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers, and said: "The cold words are unknown, and the plum blossoms are fragrant all over his fingers.
"The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Shaoyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating her, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have cold mouthpieces, and the flowers in the night are sweet in the dreams of butterflies." After saying this, he spread his palms and found that a butterfly had been pinched to death. Daughter The characteristics were revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. Su Shi brushed the stone bench with his belt and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer." " Before he finished speaking, Su Shi said two sentences in a long voice: "I sat down on the stone and my clothes were cold, and when I stepped on the flowers and returned home, the smell of horseshoes was fragrant." Although this is a legend and its credibility cannot be tested, we can also get a glimpse of Su Shi's attitude from it.
8. Making cakes to worship Buddha
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple. One day, they agreed to make cakes. After a while, they told the Buddha's seal in the temple that the cake was ready. After counting the number, they presented the cake to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the sacred tent in advance. When the two of them knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi finished praying, he stood up and saw that two pieces of bread were missing. Come out to meet? "Foyin replied in the tent: "If I have some food, I will make a few joints with you to eat. How dare you bother me in vain? ”
9. Reciting poems and admiring the moon
When Su Dongpo was in Hangzhou, he liked to make friends with the monks of the West Lake Temple. He was the best friend of the Buddhist monk of the Jinshan Temple. While they were drinking and reciting poems, they would He often made jokes. Monk Foyin always came uninvited to Su Dongpo's banquets. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake. There was a lot of food and wine on the boat. Su Dongpo smiled at Huang Tingjian. Said: "Foyin has to rush to every party. Tonight we take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time, but he can't come anyway. "Unexpectedly, Monk Foyin had already heard that Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were going to visit the lake, so he hid under the cabin board before they got on the boat. The bright moon was in the sky, the cool breeze was refreshing, the fragrance of lotus filled the lake, and the boat Slowly arriving at the Three Pagodas of the West Lake, Su Dongpo held the wine glass, twirled his beard, and happily said to Huang Tingjian: "There is no Buddha seal today, so we are quite quiet. Let's start with a drinking order. The first two sentences should be used in real time, and the last two sentences should be used in real time. The sentence should end with the word '哉'. Huang Tingjian said: "Okay!" Su Dongpo first said: "The clouds part and the bright moon comes out. What can the sky say?" What can God say? "Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus flowers in the lake, and then said: "Pull the lotus seeds away, and the fish will come out, and they will find their place! Well done! " At this time, Foyin couldn't bear it anymore under the cabin plank. After hearing Huang Tingjian's words, he pushed the cabin plank away, climbed out, and said: "The plank was pushed aside, and the Buddha's seal came out. It's so frustrating! It’s so frustrating! "Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled when they saw a man suddenly crawling out from under the ship's plank. After a closer look, they found that it was Buddha's seal. When they heard him utter these four lines of poetry, they couldn't help laughing. Su Dongpo He sat down holding the Buddha's seal and said: "You hid it well and you did it right, but you finally got it again today! "So the three of them admired the moon and swam around the lake, chatting and laughing.
10. Dongpo Fish
Su Shi was not only a literary master, but also good at food. In addition to the well-known Outside Dongpo's elbow, Su Shi was also good at cooking fish, and the fish he cooked was excellent. Once, Su Shi became very popular and cooked the fish himself. Just after he had cooked it, he saw Huang Tingjian coming in through the window (Huang Tingjian is a Chinese poet). Huang Tingjian, one of the four great fonts in ancient times, was a close friend of Su Shi, and the two often enjoyed bickering. Knowing that they were trying to make ends meet, Huang Tingjian hurriedly hid the fish on the top of the cupboard. Brother Zizhan, please tell me how to write Su Shi's Su? Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su, go up and down the grass and fish on the left and the corn on the right." Huang Tingjian said again: "Can we put this fish on the right side?" Su Shi said: "That's okay." Huang Tingjian continued: "Is it okay to put this fish on top?" Su Shi said: "How can there be any reason to put fish on it?" Huang Tingjian pointed to the top of the cupboard and said with a smile: "Since Brother Zizhan also knows this truth, why do you still put the fish on it?" ! "Su Shi, who has always been quick-thinking, was completely messed up by Huang Tingjian this time!
11. Fruits and medicine
Soon after his marriage, Su Shi was invited to visit Liu Gong's father's house. There, the servant came and asked him to go back immediately, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Liu Gong's father wanted to be sarcastic and chanted: "Fortunately, it is made of apricots, dates, and plums, and it is calm (Cistanche is a traditional Chinese medicine). "This sentence contains three kinds of fruit names and one kind of medicine name. Su Shi didn't look back, stepped on the saddle and walked away, saying as he walked: "But this matter (Nai, the genus of apple, sugarcane, persimmon) must be treated with Danggui (Angelica sinensis). is the name of a Chinese medicine). "The talent of layman Dongpo is really admirable.
12. The line between life and death
After Su Shi was imprisoned, Emperor Shenzong sent a young eunuch to test whether he had any hatred for the emperor. Pretending to be a prisoner, he slept with Dongpo. During the day, the eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate the food with gusto and replied, "No matter how thunder strikes, my heart will remain unmoved!" "At night, when he fell asleep, the little eunuch teased again: "Why shouldn't it be a shame for Master Su to sleep on such a bed? Su Shi ignored him and snored. The little eunuch woke him up early the next morning and said, "Congratulations, sir, you have been pardoned." "You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi had a little complaint or strange behavior of not eating well or sleeping well, he would be in danger.
13. Cultivation
The restoration of the conservatives in the imperial court Later, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who was famous for smashing vats, worshiped the prime minister again, and the new law was completely abolished.
At this time, Su Shi, who was also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely negated and that good people and bad people should be treated differently. Therefore, he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was demoted to Guazhou again. Although Su Shi believed in Buddhism, he did not like monks. I heard that there was a monk named Foyin in Guazhou Jinshan Temple who was very famous. When Su Shi heard about it, he was not convinced and decided to go to the mountain to meet the old monk! In the temple, Su Shi talked about everything from the emperor to civil and military officials, from governing the country to how to be a human being. The monk listened quietly. Su Shi looked down on Foyin from the bottom of his heart when he saw that Foyin had been silent. I thought to myself: Everyone said he was capable, but he is just a fool, and he came here to defraud a few people out of their incense money! The topic slowly turned to Buddhist matters. At this time Foyin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in the eyes of Mr. Su Shi?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied: "What do you think in the eyes of ordinary people?" You may be capable, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you make up your mind every day and have no real talent. You are just a liar!" Foyin smiled slightly and said nothing. Seeing him like this, Su Shi not only looked down upon the monk even more, but also became very proud of himself, so he took advantage of it and asked: "Who do you think I, the Great Scholar Su, am in your eyes?" "You are a very knowledgeable and cultivated person. Man, Lao Na is ashamed of himself!" Foyin replied. After returning home, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to make the monk in the morning. After hearing this, Su Shi laughed so hard that her rice gushed out. Su Shi was confused and asked: "Why are you laughing, little sister?" "You belittled the monk and he not only didn't get angry but praised you. Who do you think has cultivation? How can cultivation come from without knowledge? You still think you are better than others." Strong? I'm so ashamed of you that you don't even know!" Su Shi suddenly realized after hearing this, and he and Master Foyin became sworn friends from then on.
14. The "bones" are not yet cold
One day, Su Shi and Foyin took a boat trip to the West Lake. Su Shi wanted to play a trick on Foyin. He looked up and saw a dog holding a bone by the river. He wrote: "The dogs gnawed the bones (of the monks) on the river." Foyin threw the poem into the water, and then replied: "The poem of Dongpo (the corpse) is floating on the water."
15. Dongpo eats grass
With nothing to do, Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple to visit Master Foyin. Unexpectedly, the master was not there, and a young novice came to open the door. Su Shi said proudly: "Where is the bald donkey?" The little novice monk pointed calmly into the distance and replied: "Eating grass on the east slope!"
16. Couplet to retreat the enemy
Northern Song Dynasty , the Song people were repeatedly invaded by the Liao State. The imperial court, which was deliberately seeking peace, attracted an envoy from the Liao State and asked the Song people to answer the first couplet: three lights, sun, moon and stars. If the second couplet appears, the troops will be withdrawn and peace will be negotiated. This couplet seems simple, but it is not easy to understand. The numbers in the sentence correspond exactly to the things that follow, and the numbers selected in the couplet correspond to things that are more or less than three. Su Shi, who happened to be back in Beijing to report on his work, cleverly combined the upper and lower couplets with a stroke of his pen: Four poems in ode to elegance. The beauty of this couplet is that the "Four Poems" only have three names: "Ode to Fengya", because there are "Daya" and "Xiaoya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition to the four parts of "National Style" and "Ode to Poetry", the "Book of Songs" is also called the "Four Poems". The witty couplets are so perfect that the Liao envoy admired them greatly.
17. Three people make up the pair
Su Shi, his younger sister, and Huang Tingjian spent one day admiring paintings. They found the above couplet interesting: the gentle breeze represents thin willows, and the pale moon represents plum blossoms. It seems that it is a four-character couplet, but there is an empty word in the middle. My sister suggested adding words in the middle to make it a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian's answer is: the thin willows dance in the breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the pale moon. Su Shi added: The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms. The little girl thought for a moment and responded immediately, filling in words to make it: The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms. Looking at the couplets of the three people, the younger sister is the best: the word "help" not only writes the gentleness of the wind and the fragility of the willow, but also the intimacy between the wind and the willow, making it more vivid; The word "hidden" is appropriate. It not only emphasizes the brightness of the moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of the plum blossoms. It highlights the scene where the two merge into one color, which is more consistent and appropriate.
18. His plan
Su Shi’s close friend Foyin, although a monk, did not avoid food and wine. On this day, Foyin fried fish and drank wine, and Su Shi happened to come to visit. Foyin hurriedly hid the fish under the big chime (wooden fish). Su Shi had already smelled the fish fragrance and disappeared when he came in. Thinking of Huang Tingjian's trick that day, he suddenly thought about it and said deliberately: "I came to ask the master today, what is the next sentence of Xiangyang Mendi's spring is always there?" Foyin I was deeply surprised that my old friend read out an old and well-known sentence, so I said the following sentence casually: People who accumulate good deeds will be blessed. Su Shi put his palms in his hands and laughed: "Since there are fish in the chime (Qing), let's accumulate some kindness and use it to enjoy"
19. Wushan River
Once, Su Shi made an appointment with his younger brother Su Che and Master Foyin. The three of them traveled together, and Foyin improvised a sentence: Wushan is as good as Wushan. The key lies in the homophony of "wu" and "witch". Su Che said: How can a leaf be as round as a lotus leaf? After hearing this, Su Shi said to his younger brother: It is good to use the homophonic pronunciation of "He He" and "无武", but would it be better to change it to this: He water can be as clear as a river. After hearing this, Foyin and Su Zhe agreed. Using "water" against "mountain" would win the battle more steadily.
20. Little Sister Lianqi
Su Shi, who had not seen his friend for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to his home. When the little sister saw her brother going out to greet him in person, she made a joke about it. Yun: My brother invites Shuangyue to my door. "Double Moon" is combined into the word "Peng". Su Shi knew that the little sister was joking with him, so he immediately said: Little sister catches the wind in front of the window. "Half" is very appropriate for "double", and "wind" is for "moon". Interestingly, the traditional Chinese character for "风" is "风", and Banfeng means "lice", which means that the little girl is catching lice in front of the window.
The little girl turned away in anger.
21. White rice and empty rice
After Su Shi returned to office, he once talked to Liu Gong’s father: “When I was in prison, I ate three white rice every day, and I was still very tired. Sweet, the most delicious thing in the world!" Liu Gong's father asked what three white rice was, and Su Shi replied: "A pinch of salt, a plate of raw radish, and a bowl of rice, this is 'three white rice'." Su Shi forgot about it after he said this. One day, I received an invitation from Liu Gong's father, inviting Su Shi to have a meal at his house. Su Shi readily accepted the appointment. But when Su Shi arrived at the place and found that there were only salt, radishes, and rice on the table, he suddenly realized that Liu Gong's father had been teasing him. A few days later, Liu Gong's father also received an invitation from Su Shi, inviting him to have a cuì meal. Liu Gong's father knew that Su Shi wanted to take revenge, but he was curious and wanted to know what Niifan was, so he finally went. Su Shi chatted with Liu Gong's father from morning to night, making Liu Gong's father so hungry that his chest pressed against his back. I really can’t help but ask where is the meal? Su Shi replied slowly: "The salt is also hairy (mǎo, (无, meaning "without"), the radish is also hairy, and the rice is also hairy. Isn't it 'silent' rice? In fact, you have been enjoying it." Liu Gong After their father was shocked, they both laughed at the same time.
22. Conflict with Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi and Su Shi were both successful young people. Wang Anshi passed the Jinshi examination at the age of 22, and Su Shi was a junior. Wang Anshi was 16 years old and passed the Jinshi examination at the age of 23. Both of them were regarded as pillars of talent, and both were famous for their poetry. The real confrontation between the two began in the second year of Xining, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1069). At that time, the Su brothers returned to the capital after their father's funeral. Su Shi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhishi Guan and Quan Kaifeng. Wang Anshi, who was trusted by Shenzong and served as Ping Zhangshi (prime minister) of Zhongshu Menxia, ??was vigorously promoting the reform and new policies. When two great writers were officials in the same dynasty, the dispute arose. Wang Anshi's courage to reform was admirable because "people's words are not enough, ancestors' laws are not enough, and changes in nature are not enough." But the key issue is also admirable. However, in the face of the complicated social situation, in the face of Chinese people, especially bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats, who are "conservative by nature and follow the principle of inaction", is the reform action better to be radical or gradual? Wang Anshi's thoughts are urgent, regardless of Whether it is hiring new people or implementing new laws, they all reflect the drastic and extraordinary style. As for Su Shi, it is not that he does not advocate change, he just hopes not to be "too hasty", because "if the law is consistent, things will be easy to achieve, and things will be done gradually." "Don't be surprised." Therefore, the political opinions of the two people are incompatible.
23. Su Shi and Gao Qiu
The second chapter of "Water Margin" tells the history of Gao Qiu's fortune , it is said that Gao Qiu was recommended by General Dong to "Xiao Su Xue Shi", and "Xiao Su Xue Shi" introduced him to Prince Consort Wang Jinqing. After that, he got acquainted with Song Huizong, who was King Duan at the time, and finally rose to prominence and became a prince. Wei. This "Little Su Scholar" should be the famous "Da Su Scholar", who is the well-known Dongpo scholar Su Shi. Volume 7 of "Huizhi Houlu" by Wang Mingqing of the Song Dynasty compares Gao Qiu's fortune. In detail, combined with other relevant information, we know that Gao Qiu was originally a minor official in Su Dongpo's mansion. Scholar Su saw that Gao Qiu's articles were quite elegant, so he admired him very much. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhe Zong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi took up the post of Hanlin Academy. The prefect of Zhongshan Prefecture recommended him to Zeng Bu, a Hanlin scholar. Zeng Bu already had many subordinates in the house, so he did not accept him. Su Shi recommended Gao Qiu to Prince Consort Wang Jinqing. Gao Qiu was a member of the palace. He stayed there for seven years, and it was not until the third year of Zhe Zong's Yuanfu year (1100) that he met King Duan by chance. As it happened, one month later, Zhe Zong died, and King Duan became emperor Huizong. Huizong "not moved to worship", and a few years later he became a military envoy, and gradually became a privy envoy. "He traveled through the three yamen for 20 years and served in front of the palace, and he became enlightened from the beginning." Ji Quan ascended to heaven, his father Gao Dun was promoted to Jiedushi again, and his brother Gao Shen also took advantage of Gao Qiu's influence to become a prominent official. All his children were Langguan, and their family was extremely glorious. Besides, Su Shi suffered many conflicts due to internal party disputes in the court. Demoted, in the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Empress Dowager Xuanren died, and Zhezong took charge of the family. As a figure in the old party, Su Shi knew that his political views were not tolerated by the new government, so he wisely asked for a replacement to be the prefect of Zhongshan. In less than a year, the political situation became worse and worse. In the leap April of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), the court officials impeached him for ridiculing the previous dynasty in the words he wrote when he was a Hanlin scholar, and he was demoted to the British. He was the magistrate of Zhouzhou (today's Yingde City, Guangdong Province). Before he took office, he was demoted to deputy envoy of Ningyuan Army and settled in Huizhou. Not to mention this, not long after, he was demoted to Qiongzhou Biejia and lived in Changhua Army. He lived a difficult life of "inhumane habitation, without any medicine or bait" until Huizong ascended the throne (1101). After being pardoned, he returned to the north and died in Changzhou soon after. It can be said that the day when Gao Qiu rose to prominence was when Su Shi suffered a disaster. What is the relationship between the two from now on? "Records of the Huiqu" says: Gao Qiu has always been grateful to Su Shi and never forgets the feeling of commending Su Shi. Whenever the relatives and friends of Su Shi's descendants came to the capital, Gao Qiu would personally ask about them and give them gold and silver to help them. poor. From this point of view, Su Shi recommended Gao Qiu to Wang Jinqing not because he disliked his frivolity, but precisely because of his appreciation for his talents. Su Shi was an upright and heroic man throughout his life, and never put his guard up against others. Gao Wenhu of the Song Dynasty said in "Liaohuazhou Xianlu": "Su Zizhan loved all the scholars in the world, and he was happy with all the virtuous and dishonest people. He once said: 'I can accompany the Jade Emperor, and I can accompany the beggars of Beitian Court.'" Zi You (His younger brother Su Zhe, known as "Xiao Su Xueshi") He was silent for a long time, but he tried to warn Zizhan about choosing friends. Zizhan said: "There is no bad person in the world before me. This is a disease."
'" Things in the world are often so dramatic. Su Shi and Gao Qiu had different political views and very different life orientations. It can be said that they were not the same people at all. However, when the Su family children were too poor to survive, it was precisely It was Gao Qiu who in turn saved their lives, allowing Su Shi's nephew to revive his family tradition in the Southern Song Dynasty. This may be due to the fact that Su Shi "saw no bad person in the world before his eyes" in his life, and he treated everyone with sincerity. Even political opponents were moved by his broad-mindedness.
24. Going to Beijing to take the exam
It is said that Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty took a boat to take the exam in his early years. He encountered storms on the way and missed the start of the exam. At first, the examiner did not allow Su Dongpo to enter. Later, after hearing Su's story, he suddenly felt compassion and asked him to answer a couplet. If he got the answer right, he would be allowed to take the exam. "A small boat carrying two or three candidates traveled by water for four to five six days and arrived in Jiujiang in a messy way. They arrived very late. "Su Dongpo is worthy of being a talented man of his generation. After a moment's thought, he responded to the second line: "In ten years of hard work, I read ninety-eight volumes of poetry and books, rushed to seventy-sixty-five examination rooms, and went to the second gate one after another. I must enter. "Use the order of sentences and reverse order of couplets. There are scenes, experiences, twists and turns but not rigidity. It is regarded as a clever pairing.
25. Su Dongpo was suspected of leaking the title
Su Dongpo was The "Wutai Poetry Case" was demoted to Huangzhou. The local Li Fangshu sympathized with his plight and often visited him. After Su Dongpo was recalled to Beijing, he still exchanged letters with Li Fangshu and remained as close as before. After being ordered to know about the tribute examination, Li Fangshu also took the exam. History books say: Li Fangshu failed. Later, the insider went to see Su Dongpo and asked him for a "favor", but Su Dongpo did not agree. He wrote to Li Fangshu: " The friendship between gentlemen should encourage each other in the Tao, not lead each other to benefit..." Uncle Fang was deeply moved after reading it, and the friendship between the two became deeper. But recently I read "Hu's Miscellaneous Comments" written by Hu Yan of the Ming Dynasty. ", but there is another theory in Hu's book that Su Dongpo admired Uncle Li Fang very much. One day before the exam, Su Dongpo asked his son Su Shudang to bring a letter to Uncle Li Fang. When Uncle Fang was out, Li's servant collected the letter. , placed it on the coffee table. Shortly afterwards, Zhang Chi and Zhang Yuan, the sons of Zhang Dun, came to visit. Uncle Li Fang still did not return. Zhang Chi and Zhang Yuan conveniently took out the slips on the coffee table and read them. It was "Liu Xiang Yu Yang Xiong". Chapter 2. Brothers Zhang Chi and Zhang Yuan knew that there must be news in it, so they quietly took the slip back and read it carefully. Soon, Su Dongpo's title was indeed "Liu Xiang Yu Yang Xiong". He ranked first in the aid high school and ranked tenth in Zhang Chi, but Li Fangshu failed. Li Fangshu's mother sighed: "Su Gong knew about the tribute examination, but my son did not come in. It's fate." "Su Dongpo initially thought that the first place must be Uncle Li Fang. When he came out of the curtain, he found out that it was Zhang Yuan. He couldn't help but feel very sorry. He also sent a poem to Uncle Li Fang. One of the poems said: "I've spent my life wandering about the ancient battlefield. When I encounter the mirror, the sun is blurred by the five colors. . " is also the meaning of Mo Kenai's explanation of ridicule. The postscript of "Hu's Miscellany" says: Su Dongpo's original poem "is now at Li Shilian's house in Nanchang. It is combined with Xu Xuan's manuscript and Zhang Jizhi's handwritten notes into one volume. The calligraphy and painting are both lovely. . "Hu Yan was also a well-known Confucian in the Ming Dynasty and had a good reputation. He was not like a person who told nonsense, but he did not explain where the story came from. If Su Dongpo really used the test questions to hint at the people he meant, it should constitute the crime of "leaking the questions." Fortunately, the Zhang brothers only wanted to win the first place and did not want to harm others. If they wanted to harm others, they would file a complaint with Su Dongpo's hand. If Su Dongpo was investigated, he would have to be exiled for several years even if he did not die.
26. Ways to maintain health
Su Shi was not only proficient in traditional Chinese medicine, but also a food and health expert. He usually worked out some health-preserving recipes that not only satisfied food, but also treated diseases and health care. Su Dongpo often went to the mountains and fields to discover some. Once, he walked near a rice field and suddenly saw the wild chestnuts (water chestnuts) that he usually liked to eat. He wanted to satisfy his craving, so he carried the water chestnuts with his clothes to a nearby temple and borrowed the stove. Cook porridge. The method is to cook 500 grams of water chestnuts, 100 grams of rice, and an appropriate amount of ginger. Water chestnut soup can supplement vitamin C and has the functions of clearing away heat, diuresis, calming the liver, harmonizing blood, and reducing phlegm. Su Dongpo also likes to eat it. Jade glutinous rice soup (made from boiled potato). He often cooked it himself and said that it was a good drink for strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi. Maimendong drink was also Su Dongpo's favorite drink. He made Maimendong drink to have oral health benefits. It is a home-cooked drink that is healthy, soothing and hypnotic. He also wrote a poem: "A pillow of refreshing breeze is worth ten thousand dollars, and no one is willing to sell it to sleep in the north window." Happy to warm the stomach and mendong drink, I know it is Dongpo's hand-fried drink. "Su Dongpo wrote in "The Theory of Bigu": "Look eastwards, inhale the first sunlight and swallow it. "That is to face the east, absorb the spiritual energy, and use this to maintain health.
Edit this paragraph, wives, concubines and children
Su Shi's married wife is called Wang Fu, a young man from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She is beautiful, well-informed and courteous, and married Su Shi at the age of 16. She was Su Shi's right-hand assistant in the Ming Dynasty painting "Su Shi Inscribed on Bamboo". , He was relatively careless in dealing with others, so Wang Fu listened quietly behind the screen and informed Su Shi of his suggestions. Su Shi's "Epitaph of His Late Wife Wang" records this story: When Shi talked to the guests outside, Jun stood on the screen. When someone listened to it, he would repeat what he said and said: "There is a certain person who often uses two ends of his words, but only what he wants. What use is there for him to speak to this person?" "Someone came to seek friendship with Shi. The king said, "I'm afraid it won't last long. It is sharp with others, and it will remove them quickly. "It's true. Whenever Su Shi was studying, she would stay with him all day long. If Su Shi occasionally forgot, she would remind him. She could be called Su Shi's excellent wife.
Wang Fu served his relatives very filially and cared deeply about Su Shi. The two of them were deeply affectionate and loving. Wang Fu died of illness after living with Su Shi for eleven years. This was a huge blow to Dongpo. The deep pain in his heart and mental pain are self-evident. Su Shi followed his father Su Xun's words and "buried her next to your mother's tomb" and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the hilltop where Wang Fu was buried to express his condolences. Another ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiangchengzi·Remembering Dreams" for Wang Fu, which is known as the best mourning poem in history. This poem has been widely recited in different dynasties for more than 900 years. It is also the most prominent one among many mourning works in the history of literature. After learning about the love story between Su Shi and Wang Fu, and then reading this poem again, the emotion, the sadness, and the depth are enough to make future generations cry a thousand lines too! Su Shi's second wife was Wang Runzhi, Wang Fu's cousin, who married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She has admired Su Shi since she was a child. She has a gentle nature and relies on Su Shi everywhere. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the most important 25 years of his life, through the Wutai Poetry Case and Huangzhou's relegation, and shared the ups and downs of Su Shi's career. During the most difficult time, he and Su Shi picked wild vegetables and plowed the fields barefoot, trying various ways to relieve Su Shi's boredom. On the occasion of Wang Runzhi's birthday, Su Shi released a live fish to bless her and wrote the chronicle "Die Lian Hua". The poem "Three pearls, Wang Wendu on her knees" praises her for treating her three sons equally and loving each other without distinction. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi suffered from a broken liver and intestines, and wrote a memorial: "I said home, and walked back to Qiuyuan. There were many people who abandoned me first. Who welcomed my door, and who gave me fields? What can I do now? My eyes are dry with tears. Traveling to the funeral I am so kind to my country. I only have the same acupuncture point, so I am so sorry!" A hundred days after his wife's death, he asked his friend, the great painter Li Longmian, to draw ten portraits of Arhats, and then asked the monks to chant sutras for her. When he was born in the Paradise, he dedicated these ten Buddhist statues, "Dongpo Playing with Inkstones" painted by Ren Bonian in the Qing Dynasty, to the soul of his wife. After Su Shi's death, Su Che buried him and Wang Runzhi together, fulfilling the wish of "only the same acupoint" in the memorial text. Su Shi's concubine was called Wang Chaoyun, and Su Shi gave her the nickname "Zixia", which was twenty-six years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult situation, all the concubines around him left one after another, but Wang Chaoyun always stayed with him. She was Su Shi's confidante. Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her "The Goddess Vimalakirti". It is said that when Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou, Wang Chaoyun often sang the lyrics of "Butterfly Loves Flowers" to relieve Su Shi's depression. Whenever Chaoyun sings "there are few willow trees blowing on the branches", he hides his melancholy, becomes overwhelmed with sadness, and stops crying. Dongpo asked why, Chaoyun replied: "What I can't do (finished singing) is that there is no fragrant grass sentence anywhere in the world." Su Shi laughed: "I am sad for autumn, and you are sad for spring again!" Unfortunately, Chaoyun also died of illness in Huizhou before Su Shi. After Chaoyun passed away, Su Shi "never heard this word again for the rest of his life" and remained a widower. In accordance with Chaoyun's last wish, Su Shi buried him in the pine forest under the Great Sacred Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the south foot of Gushan Mountain in West Lake, Huizhou, and built a Liuru Pavilion beside the tomb to commemorate him. The couplet he wrote was "Untimely, only Chaoyun can Know me; I play ancient tunes alone, and I miss you even more every time it rains." There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the court one day and finished eating. He felt his belly and walked slowly. Gu said to the waiter: "What do you think of this?" A maid suddenly said: "It's all articles. ', Poe didn't think so. Another person said: 'A belly full of knowledge. ’ Poe laughed heartily. "Chaoyun's Tomb is located on the lonely mountain in Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, next to the Su Dongpo Memorial Hall. It has now become a scenic spot.
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