1. Petroleum Translation in Classical Chinese
Yan Yan has oil, which is what the old saying "Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water" means. Born in water, sand and stones mix with spring water and come out disconsolately. The local people collected it with pheasant Χ Χ ⑧, and then collected it with pheasant ⑧. It looks like pure paint, but it's like hemp, but the smoke is very strong and the curtains are all black. I suspected that there was smoke, so I tried to sweep the coal and thought it was ink. It is black as paint, and the ink does not disperse, so it is very big, and it is also known as the "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". After this incident, it will be popular all over the world and start from scratch. At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, the pine forest between Qilu is exhausted, and it gradually reaches Taihang, Jingxi and Jiangnan, and Songshan is mostly a child. Coal miners benefit from unknown stone smoke. Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink. The rest of the play is "Yanzhou Poetry": "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and the Xuanzhuo dome is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "
To annotate ...
① Yan (fū) Yan: the name of the road. In the second year of Song Kangding (104 1), a part of Shaanxi Road was set aside as Yanyan Road, located in Yanzhou (later promoted to Yan 'an House), which is now Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province.
(2) Gaonu County: the name of an ancient county, which was established in the Qin Dynasty. Located on the north bank of Yanhe River in the northeast of Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province, it was abandoned in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. "Ten Different Things in Youyang Miscellaneous Volume" written in the Tang Dynasty contains: "Stone paint, high slave county stone grease water, greasy water, floating on water like paint. Use a paste car and burn a lamp, which is extremely bright. " In this paper, the old saying "Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water" is questioned accordingly.
3 water boundary: water margin.
(4) melancholy (w m 4 n ɡ) melancholy: If there is something missing in your mind, this article is used to describe how oil and groundwater spew out after mixing. Wang: It can be understood as "Wang" in the text, which describes the accumulation of liquid.
⑤ pheasant (zhiì): bird name, commonly known as pheasant.
⑥(y‖): Pass "Boh" (y ‖) and get wet, which means "take oil with feathers".
⑦ Use: conjunction, equivalent to "er".
⑧ ⒌: Ancient pottery, generally referring to pottery.
9 pure paint: pure paint. Chun: preach "purity".
⑩ Ran: The ancient word "burn" refers to burning.
Hemp: the general name of hemp plants, which refers to an ancient hemp, that is, hemp, which can be understood as hemp candle in this paper. Hemp candle is a candle made of oil extracted from hemp seeds, which means "torch". There were no candles in ancient times, so the torch was called a candle.
Curtains: tents.
Coal: black ash accumulated by smoking, that is, smoke and dust.
Loose ink: Song Yanmo is a kind of ink, made of pine smoke and glue.
Wen Zhi: This refers to the words on the ink. Knowledge: Mark, Mark.
At most: a lot. To: extremely, most.
Qi: The name of the Zhou Dynasty vassal. His hometown is in the north of Shandong and the southeast of Hebei.
Lu: The name of the Zhou Dynasty vassal, originally from the southeast of Yanzhou City, Shandong Province to Pei County, Jiangsu Province and Si County, Anhui Province. After Qin and Han Dynasties, these areas were still called Lu, and now Shandong Province is called Lu for short.
Tong: Baldness and no hair also means that there is no vegetation on the mountain. In this article, it means that all the trees on the mountain have been cut down.
Coal maker: This article refers to people who make black ink from pine ash.
translate
Yanyan has a kind of oil, which used to be referred to as "fertilizer and water produced in Gaonu County". Oil is produced by the water, mixed with sand and spring water, and slowly flows out. The local people dip pheasant feathers in it and collect it in a crock. This kind of oil is very similar to pure paint, and it burns like hemp, but the smoke is rolling, and the tents polluted by it turn black. I suspected that this kind of cigarette could be used, so I tried to sweep its bituminous coal for ink. The ink is as shiny as black paint, but it is not as good as loose ink, so I will make a lot of it and label it as "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, (but) since I started to make it. Because there is a lot of oil, which is produced underground and endless, unlike pine, it will run out in a certain time. Now the pine forests in Shandong have been harvested, and even the mountains with pine trees in Taihang Mountain, Jingxi and Jiangnan are mostly bare now. People who make ink don't know yet that the lampblack produced when oil burns is of great benefit to making ink. Carboniferous (a kind of bituminous coal) will also emit a lot of smoke when burning, which will blacken clothes. I am happy to make a joke and write a poem "Yanzhou": "Erlang Mountain is snowy and Xuanzhuoqiong is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "
2. Translation of the original text of the classical Chinese "Petroleum": Yan State and Yan State have oil, which is what the old saying "Gaonu County produces fat and water" means.
Born in water, sand and stone blend with spring water, and "disconsolate" comes out. The natives scooped it up with the pheasant's tail, but picked it into the water, which looked like pure paint and burned like hemp, but the smoke was thick and the curtain was all black. I doubt that cigarettes can be used. I tried to sweep coal as ink. As black as paint, the ink is not so loose.
Also known as "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This thing will be popular all over the world, starting from scratch.
At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, Qi and Lu are exhausted, and they are gradually sons of Taihang, Jingxi, Jiangnan and Songshan.
Coal miners benefit from unknown stone smoke. Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink.
The play is a poem of Yanzhou, which says, "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and Xuanzhuoqiong is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is like Luoyang dust.
Yanzhou Yanzhou has an oil. It used to be said that Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water, which is the meaning of this kind of thing. Oil is produced by the water, mixed with sandstone and spring water, and flows out intermittently.
Local residents picked it up with pheasant tail hair and collected it in a crock. This oil is very similar to varnish. It burns like a hemp torch, but smoke billows and all the tents polluted by it turn black.
I estimated that this kind of cigarette could be used, so I tried to sweep its bituminous coal to make ink, which was as shiny as black paint and could not even compare with loose ink. So I made a lot of them and marked them with words called "Yanchuan Stone Liquid".
This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, since I started making it. There must be a lot of oil, which is produced underground and endless, unlike pine trees that will run out at a certain time.
Nowadays, there are no large areas of pine forests in Shandong. Gradually, most of the mountains where pine trees grow are bald in Taihang Mountain, the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei, and the south of the Yangtze River. People who make ink probably don't understand the benefits of lampblack.
Soot is also big, often infected with black clothes. My script Yanzhou said: "Snowflakes were flying in air billow Mountain and Balang Mountain in Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province, and immediately I put up a felt tent and learned that people there lived a nomadic life.
The clothes are all black, but the winter has not passed, and the oil smoke is more likely to blacken the clothes of pedestrians than the smoke of Luoyang chariots and horses. Extended data:
Source This article is from Meng Qian's Bi Tan, written by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty (103 1- 1095). It is a comprehensive notebook work involving natural science, technology and social and historical phenomena in ancient China.
This book is also very valuable in the world, and it was appraised as "a milestone in the history of science in China" by the British historian Joseph Needham. According to the oldest extant Dade block print, Meng Qian Bi Tan is divided into 30 volumes, including 26 volumes of Bi Tan, 3 volumes of Bu Bi Tan and Continued Bi Tan 1 volume.
There are 17 items and 609 articles in the book. The content involves astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and other disciplines, which is of great value.
The natural science part of the book summarizes the scientific achievements of China in ancient times, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. In terms of social history, it exposed the decay of the ruling clique in the Northern Song Dynasty, and recorded in detail the military interests of the northwest and the north, the evolution of the etiquette system, and the drawbacks of the old tax system.
Baidu encyclopedia-Meng Qian's pen talk.
3. There is oil in the extension, which is what the old saying "Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water" means.
Born in water, sand and stone blend with spring water and come out disconsolately. The natives picked them up with their tails and collected them in the pond. It looks like pure paint, but it's like hemp, but the smoke is very strong and the curtains are all black.
I suspected that there was smoke, so I tried to sweep the coal and thought it was ink. It is black as paint, and the ink does not disperse, so it is very big, and it is also known as the "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". After this incident, it will be popular all over the world and start from scratch.
At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, the pine forest between Qilu is exhausted, and it gradually reaches Taihang, Jingxi and Jiangnan, and most of Songshan is a child.
Coal miners know the benefits of stone smoke. Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink.
The rest of the play is "Yanzhou Poetry": "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and the Xuanzhuo dome is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "
There is oil in the face, and oil in the face. That's what I meant when I said there was oil and water on the east bank of Yanshui. Oil comes from the water's edge, mixes with sand and spring water, and slowly emerges from the ground. The local people dyed the pheasant's tail feathers, collected them and put them in crocks, much like pure pigments. It burned like hemp, but the smoke was so thick that the tents were blackened. I think it's cigarettes. It is used to make ink together. I didn't expect the ink made from it to be black and bright, like pigment, even the ink made from pine ash couldn't catch up, so I made a lot of ink with it and marked the word "Yanzhou Stone Liquid" in Mo Ding. Petroleum products will be greatly improved in the future, so start from me now. I think there is a lot of oil, which is inexhaustible underground and will not be exhausted sometimes like pine trees. Even the mountains with pine trees in Taihang Mountain, Jingxi and Jiangnan are mostly bare now. People who make ink don't know yet that the smoke produced when oil burns is of great benefit to the production of ink. Carboniferous (a kind of bituminous coal) also emits a lot of smoke when burning, which will blacken clothes. I am happy to joke and write a poem "Yanzhou": "There is much snow in Erlang Mountain, and the dome is crowded; Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is like Luoyang dust.
4. Translation of the original text of the classical Chinese "Petroleum": Yan State and Yan State have oil, which is what the old saying "Gaonu County produces fat and water" means. Born in water, sand and stone blend with spring water, and "disconsolate" comes out. The natives scooped it up with the pheasant's tail, but picked it into the water, which looked like pure paint and burned like hemp, but the smoke was thick and the curtain was all black. I doubt that cigarettes can be used. I tried to sweep coal as ink. As black as paint, the ink is not so loose. Also known as "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This thing will be popular all over the world, starting from scratch.
At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, Qi and Lu are exhausted, and they are gradually sons of Taihang, Jingxi, Jiangnan and Songshan. Coal miners benefit from unknown stone smoke. Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink. The play is a poem of Yanzhou, which says, "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and Xuanzhuoqiong is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is like Luoyang dust.
Yanzhou Yanzhou has an oil. It used to be said that Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water, which is the meaning of this kind of thing. Oil is produced by the water, mixed with sandstone and spring water, and flows out intermittently. Local residents picked it up with pheasant tail hair and collected it in a crock. This oil is very similar to varnish. It burns like a hemp torch, but smoke billows and all the tents polluted by it turn black.
I estimated that this kind of cigarette could be used, so I tried to sweep its bituminous coal to make ink, which was as shiny as black paint and could not even compare with loose ink. So I made a lot of them and marked them with words called "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, since I started making it.
There must be a lot of oil, which is produced underground and endless, unlike pine trees that will run out at a certain time. Nowadays, there are no large areas of pine forests in Shandong. Gradually, most of the mountains where pine trees grow in Taihang Mountain, the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei, and the south of the Yangtze River are bald. People who make ink probably don't understand the benefits of lampblack. Soot is also big, often infected with black clothes. My script Yanzhou said: "Snowflakes were flying in air billow Mountain and Balang Mountain in Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province, and immediately I put up a felt tent and learned that people there lived a nomadic life. The clothes are all black, but the winter has not passed, and the oil smoke is more likely to blacken the clothes of pedestrians than the smoke of Luoyang chariots and horses.
Extended data:
source
This article was written by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty (103 1- 1095). It is a comprehensive notebook work involving natural science, technology and social and historical phenomena in ancient China. This book is also very valuable in the world, and it was appraised as "a milestone in the history of science in China" by the British historian Joseph Needham.
According to the oldest extant Dade block print, Meng Qian Bi Tan is divided into 30 volumes, including 26 volumes of Bi Tan, 3 volumes of Bu Bi Tan and Continued Bi Tan 1 volume. There are 17 items and 609 articles in the book. The content involves astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and other disciplines, which is of great value. The natural science part of the book summarizes the scientific achievements of China in ancient times, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. In terms of social history, it exposed the decay of the ruling clique in the Northern Song Dynasty, and recorded in detail the military interests of the northwest and the north, the evolution of the etiquette system, and the drawbacks of the old tax system.
Sogou encyclopedia-Meng Qian's pen talk
5. China classical oil painting writer and translator? Shen Kuo
Original text:
Yanyan has oil, and it used to be said that Gaonu County produces fertile water, so it is. Born in water, sand and stone blend with spring water, and "disconsolate" comes out. The natives scooped it up with the pheasant's tail, but picked it into the water, which looked like pure paint and burned like hemp, but the smoke was thick and the curtain was all black. I doubt that cigarettes can be used. I try to sweep coal as ink. As black as paint, the ink is not so loose. Also known as "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This thing will be popular all over the world, starting from scratch.
At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, Qi and Lu are exhausted, and they are gradually sons of Taihang, Jingxi, Jiangnan and Songshan. Coal miners benefit from unknown stone smoke.
Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink. The play is a poem of Yanzhou, which says, "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and Xuanzhuoqiong is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. " (Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan")
Analysis:
This article is selected from Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan, which is a notebook essay introducing scientific and technological knowledge. The article is divided into three parts: The first part briefly introduces the basic forms of oil in Yan and Yan areas and the general situation of local residents' collection and utilization of oil; The second part explains the grand occasion of making ink with stone smoke; The third part regrets that people can't use petroleum resources scientifically and reasonably. The scientific predictions in the article about "oil was born on the earth at most" and "petroleum products will be popular all over the world" are impressive today.
In terms of writing skills: ① This article is light and clear. Whether talking about the past, predicting the future, or narrating and describing, articles are plain and concise, as homely as words. The language is concise and clear, and nothing is carved. (3) At the end of the article, poetry is full of interest.
Translation:
Yanzhou Yanzhou has an oil. In the past, Gaonu County produced fertile water, which was the meaning of this kind of thing. Oil is produced by the water, mixed with sandstone and spring water, and flows out intermittently. Local residents picked it up with pheasant tail hair and collected it in a crock. This oil is very similar to varnish. It burns like a hemp torch, but smoke billows and all the tents polluted by it turn black. I guess this kind of cigarette can be used, so I tried to sweep its bituminous coal as ink. The luster of ink is like black paint, even loose ink can't compare with it. So I made a lot of them and marked them with words called "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, since I started making it.
There must be a lot of oil, which is produced underground and endless, unlike pine trees that will run out at a certain time. Nowadays, there are no large areas of pine forests in Shandong. Gradually, most of the mountains where pine trees grow are bald in Taihang Mountain, the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei, and the south of the Yangtze River. People who make ink probably don't understand the benefits of lampblack.
Soot is also big, often infected with black clothes. My script Yanzhou said: "Snowflakes were flying in air billow Mountain and Balang Mountain in Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province, and immediately I put up a felt tent and learned that people there lived a nomadic life. The clothes are all black, but the winter has not passed, and the oil smoke is more likely to blacken the clothes of pedestrians than the smoke of Luoyang chariots and horses. "
Precautions:
① Yan, Yan: Yanzhou and Yanzhou are in the present Yan 'an area of Shaanxi Province. ② Gaonu County: The former site is now Yan 'an, Shaanxi. Fatty water: oily water, the name of oil. Water boundary: water margin. 3 disconsolate: the current is slow and intermittent. (4) natives: natives, that is, locals; Pheasant, pheasant; Here, touch it, touch it. The local residents dipped the pheasant's tail. ⑤: Ceramic cylinder. ⑥ Chun: the same as "pure". Varnish ⑦ hemp: This refers to hemp torch. In ancient times, it was lit with hemp torches. ⑧ Songmo: One of the famous inks in China, it is made of pine smoke, so it is called "Song Yanmo". 9 literacy: mark words. Attending exhaustion: exhausted. 1 1. Carboniferous: coal. 12. Ink: nouns are blacked out as verbs. 13: Xuan: Right away. 14: Zhuo: Erect support. 15. Plain clothes: white clothes or undyed clothes.
6. There is oil in the extension, which is what the old saying "Gaonu County produces fertilizer and water" means. Born in water, sand and stone blend with spring water and come out disconsolately. The natives picked them up with their tails and collected them in the pond. It looks like pure paint, but it's like hemp, but the smoke is very strong and the curtains are all black. I suspected that there was smoke, so I tried to sweep the coal and thought it was ink. It is black as paint, and the ink does not disperse, so it is very big, and it is also known as the "Yanchuan Stone Liquid". After this incident, it will be popular all over the world and start from scratch. At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. Today, the pine forest between Qilu is exhausted, and it gradually reaches Taihang, Jingxi and Jiangnan, and most of Songshan is a child. Coal miners know the benefits of stone smoke. Carboniferous smoke was also big, and people wore ink. The rest of the play is "Yanzhou Poetry": "There are many snows in Erlang Mountain, and the Xuanzhuo dome is full of people. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "
There is oil in the face, and oil in the face. That's what I meant when I said there was oil and water on the east bank of Yanshui. Oil production.
At the water's edge, mixed with sand and spring water, slowly emerged from the ground. Locals use pheasants.
The tail feather was dipped in it, collected and put in a crock, much like pure pigment. It burns like hemp.
But the smoke was so thick that the tents were blackened. I thought its smoke might be used, so I tried to sweep up the bituminous coal attached to the burning object and put it together to make ink. I didn't expect the ink made with it to be black and bright, like pigment, which couldn't catch up with the ink made with pine ash, so I made a lot of ink with it and marked the word "Yanzhou Stone Liquid" on the Mo Ding. Petroleum products will be used in the future. There is a huge amount of oil in the ground, which is inexhaustible and will not be exhausted sometimes like pine trees. Now the pine forests in Shandong Province have been mined, and even the pine mountains in Taihang Mountain, Jingxi and Jiangnan are mostly bare. People who make ink don't know that the smoke produced when oil burns is of great benefit to the production of ink. Carboniferous (a kind of bituminous coal) released a lot of smoke when burning, which would make clothes black. I played a joke happily. "The winter clothes are not old, and the stone smoke is like Luoyang dust."