According to the characteristics of ancient poetry appreciation questions in recent six years, the author summarizes six question-and-answer modes of ancient poetry appreciation questions in college entrance examination for your reference.
The first mode: analyze the "image" type.
Knowledge accumulation: "image" and "image". Poetic images: image of characters, image of scenery and image of things.
Response analysis: To solve the problem of "analyzing images", we must be familiar with some poetic images (images) and their basic meanings. For example:
1. Qingqing Wei Zi: A talented person.
2. Ship: drifting, loneliness, sadness and freedom.
3. Moon: the perfection and regret of life, homesickness, human sadness, emotional helplessness, and the eternity of time and space.
4. Country: homesick, disgusted with rural scenery, pure, beautiful, comfortable and quiet life. ...
Question: Briefly analyze the image created by the author in this poem.
Question variant: What is the implication of the image created by the author? What are the characteristics of an image written by the author and what kind of image (quality) does it symbolize? What expression does the author mainly use to write an image?
Answer steps: the first step is to perceive the image. Find the poems that poets describe images in their poems, make clear the categories of images (people, scenery and things), and interpret the literal meaning of images. The second step is to analyze the characteristics (basic meaning) of the image. The characteristics of characters, the images of scenery and things, so as to grasp the theme of poetry. The third step is to understand the poet's thoughts and feelings in the image. By appreciating the theme of the poem, we can evaluate the reason, function (effect) or expression of the author's description of this image.
The answer is: what kind of image is created in poetry; What are the basic characteristics of this image? What feelings and attitudes did the poet express through this image? Or what kind of expression to use to write an image.
Example 1: (Zhejiang 2007, 16)
Read the following three works and then answer the questions. (6 points)
Heiweipai
(Tang) Liu Yuxi
Weeds and flowers beside Suzaku Bridge,
The sun sets at the entrance of Wuyi Lane.
In the old society, Wang Xieyan,
Fly into the homes of ordinary people.
Man-Moon Circle ①
Bukit (Kim)
In the Southern Dynasties, it was an eternal sadness or a backyard flower. In the past, Xie Wang, the swallow in front of the hall, flew to whose house? Suddenly a dream, the fairy muscle wins the snow, and there are piles of crows in the palace. Jiangzhou Sima, a tearful shirt, is the end of the world.
[Lv Zhong] Mountain Slope Sheep Swallow
(Yuan) Zhao
Come to the spring party, go to the autumn party (2), and move cold and heat every year. Muttering, busy grabbing (3), looking for Xie Wang in the Spring Breeze Hall, the dark clothes in the alley are crooked. Xing, see more; Wu, I told you.
[Note]: ① After the death of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wu Ji was forced to become an official. At a banquet, I met a female imperial clan in Song Dynasty who lived as a geisha, so I created this work. Spring Club and Autumn Club: In ancient times, sacrifices to land gods were generally held on the fifth day after beginning of spring and beginning of autumn, which were called Spring Club and Autumn Club respectively. 3 robbery: anxious.
(1) The images used in these three works express deep feelings. (2 points)
(2) Please briefly appreciate the expressive techniques and language features of these three works. (4 points)
[Answer] (1) Swallows rise and fall
[Resolution] What is an image? To put it simply, image is an image with meaning, and it is an objective image used to entrust subjective feelings. Image is a term used in analyzing poetry and prose, which refers to everything that constitutes artistic conception. This kind of thing often has the author's subjective feelings, and these images combine to form an artistic conception. All three works use swallows to convey the author's sense of rise and fall.
[Answer] (2)① Compared with ancient and modern times, Liu Shi's scenery is full of emotion, implicit and deep, which embodies the characteristics of epic.
(2) Wu Ci hit the nail on the head to express the hidden pain of national subjugation, gentle and sad, highlighting the true charm of graceful ci.
(3) Zhao Qu concluded with discussion, revealing the rise and fall, lively and straightforward, with a strong flavor of Sanqu.
The second mode: analyzing the type of "language features"
Knowledge accumulation: the language of ancient poetry is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, clever use of words. Second, language styles (features) are different. Third, pay attention to artistic conception: there are paintings in poetry, poems in paintings, and the realm of "I" without the realm of "I". The scenes are mixed, or the scenery is lyrical, or lyrical when writing the scenery, or sensational.
The following are some common language style features in ancient poems:
Fresh, natural, concise (succinct and refined), plain (simple), gorgeous (beautiful and elegant), subtle (euphemistic and meaningful), lively (provocative), quiet, gloomy, unrestrained and magnificent.
Coping analysis: Answering and analyzing "language characteristics" is to taste the language style of the whole poem. Generally speaking, it can be expressed as: fresh and natural, simple, unpretentious, gorgeous and talkative, easy to understand, euphemistic and implicit, and so on.
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem, or talk about the language art of this poem.
Step 1: use one or two words to accurately point out the language features.
The second step is to analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
The third step is to point out how these poems express the author's thoughts and feelings.
Example 2:
Resentment in spring
Jin changxu
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Question: Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A: The language features of this poem are fresh, natural and colloquial. (Step 1) "Yellow" is a kind of children's voice, which shows the innocence of women; "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to camp in western Liaoning to be with him." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband. (Step 2) This naturally shows a woman's longing for her husband. (Step 3)
The third mode: analyzing exquisite fonts
Knowledge accumulation
Refine words to refine verbs and adjectives. Refine words, numbers and special words. You can also use words flexibly when refining words.
Coping analysis: the language of ancient poetry is the most concise, which can often describe the characteristics of things vividly and deeply reflect the ideological content of the works. This kind of question type requires that appreciation should be related to the theme of the whole poem, carefully pondered and scrutinized from the aspects of diction and rhetoric, and understand the subtlety of the author's skill of refining words.
Question: What is the most concise (vivid) word in the upper and lower sentences of a couplet? Please give a brief evaluation.
Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it? Do you think one word in a sentence is well written? Why? Which is better, a sentence in A poem or a sentence in B poem? Why? Please enjoy it briefly.
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Step 1: Point out the word or explain its meaning in the sentence. The second step is a brief analysis: expand the association, put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene, or point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Example 3: (2007 National II, 12)
Nobuyuki Nobuyuki
Wang Wei
After the rain, the new clear sky is particularly open, and the vision is open without any fog and dust.
The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary.
The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge.
It is the busy farming season, there are no idle people, and farmers are busy going to the fields.
Note: Atmospheric scale: dust.
Question (1): What is the most concise and vivid word in the sentence in the third link? Please analyze it briefly.
A: "Ming" and "Chu" are different. (Step 1) The poet used the words "Ming" and "Chu" here, which fully showed the scenery that the poet "Xin Qing" saw after the rain: the river outside the field rose, and the "white water" was sparkling under the sunlight, brighter than usual; After the rain washed away, the mountains under the sun were more layered. (Step 2)
Question (2): What kind of picture does the couplet describe? What are the advantages of writing like this?
A: William wrote about the busy scene of farmers' families in the farmland during the busy farming season. The advantage of the author's writing in this way is that he once again highlights the poem "Xin Qing", because "Xin Qing" makes the poet see the scene of farmers "turning their families to the south". Add infinite vitality to a static picture drawn in front, and make the whole picture come alive.
The fourth mode: analyzing the "artistic conception" type of poetry.
Knowledge accumulation: the so-called artistic conception is an intriguing artistic realm formed by the organic integration of the poet's thoughts and feelings with the life picture depicted in the poem.
Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. Artistic conception includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Q: What kind of artistic conception (atmosphere) did this poem create?
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? Or draw a title for the picture depicted by the X couplet in the poem to appreciate some emotion of the poet; Or the poem expresses the feeling of "X", and how the author expresses this feeling is appreciated in a pair of couplets.
Answer steps:
The first step is to describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be poetic.
The second step is to summarize the characteristics of the scenery to create an atmosphere. Generally, it is expressed by two disyllabic words, such as loneliness and cold, tranquility and beauty, magnificence and bleakness. It should be completely consistent with the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
The third step is to analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Generally speaking, it can be expressed as: joy, cheerfulness, excitement, sadness, indignation, sadness, admiration, farewell, attachment, heroism, leisure and serenity, loneliness and so on. But don't be empty, give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer only "expressing the author's praise", but also "what to praise" and "why to praise".
Example 4:
Two quatrains (Part I)
Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old" and "three years of famine mountain".
Q: What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A: This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the sun shines brightly in spring, the fields are full of green, the river reflects the sunshine, and the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants; The mud melts, the mud is wet, and the swallows are busy holding the mud to build their nests; It's sunny and warm as spring, so Yuanyang can't sleep on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and leisurely mood of temporarily settling down in the thatched cottage after ending his wandering life (the third step).
The fifth mode: analyzing the types of "expression skills"
Knowledge accumulation: expression skills include expression, expression and rhetoric.
Expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism.
Expression skills:
The front description describes the side description of direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. The lyrical implication (thing) is: scene blending, expressing feelings by supporting things, supporting things-symbolizing association and imagination, contrast between virtual writing and real writing (side description), setting off allusions, and implicit combination: noun image combination (list), movement and distance combination.
There are ups and downs (waves), refining words and satirizing the present with old sayings. ...
Rhetorical devices: Fu, Bi, Xing, Metaphor, Comparison, Contrast, Duality, rhetorical question, exaggeration and metonymy.
Coping analysis: To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills. Expression skills include expression, expression and rhetoric.
Question: Please analyze the expression of this poem.
Question variant: What kind of expression technique (or "artistic technique" or "technique") is used in this poem? Or how do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
Answer steps: The first step is to point out what skills are used specifically. The second step is to explain why this technique is combined with this poem. The third step is to point out how this technique can effectively convey the poet's feelings.
Example 5:
Morning trip
the Chen Dynasty
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects singing in the depths of rice fields.
Q: What is the main expression of this poem? What's the effect?
A: Contrast method is mainly used (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the poet's early travel, and he has a sense of wandering loneliness (step 3).
The sixth mode: analyzing "thoughts and feelings"
Knowledge accumulation: thoughts and feelings;
(1) When you are worried about your country and hurt yourself:
(1) Expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers; (2) reflecting the pain of being abandoned; (3) sympathize with the sufferings of the people; (4) worrying about the country and the people.
(2) Those who have rendered meritorious service to the country:
The desire to make contributions, the determination to defend the country, the sorrow of having no way to serve the country, the pain of the loss of mountains and rivers, the lament that time has passed and the ambition is hard to pay, the exposure of the militaristic ambition of the rulers, and the sorrow of unclear ideals.
(3) Homesickness:
1 Travel and troubles; 2 thinking about relatives and friends; ③ Border homesickness; 4 pregnant with someone in the boudoir.
(4) Life miscellaneous feeling:
(1) send love to the leisure of mountains and villages; The feeling of the past prosperity; The feeling of satirizing the present through the ancient times; The sadness of youth; Depression of career setbacks; And the joy of comforting yourself.
(5) sadness:
1. Reluctant souvenir 2. Deep encouragement 3. Confessions of Chen Xinzhi.
Response analysis: to answer such questions, we must first understand the writer's life, thoughts and creative style; Familiar with the common thoughts and feelings in classical poetry; A correct understanding of the style (background) of a certain era is helpful to accurately grasp the ideological content of literary works of this era; The "preface" in front of ancient poetry and the notes under the poem are also very important to understand the ideological content of the work; Attention should be paid to many very complicated emotions that may be interwoven in the works, and readers can sometimes use their imagination on the basis of the original work and make a second creation. In addition, a writer's overall creative interest and style are generally fixed, but it does not rule out that there are special cases in individual works, such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, all of which have works outside their inherent styles. Second, master the appreciation method: 1. Discuss the world, know people, know people. 2. Invest in the realm and be emotional. 3. Based on poetry, analyze and summarize:
(1) Basis for analysis and generalization-title, preface, key sentences and comments.
(2) Analyze and summarize seven angles-people, things, scenery, things (above subordinate to the "writing content" angle), emotion, reason and interest (above subordinate to the "writing purpose" angle).
(3) Evaluation principle-dialectical analysis and seeking truth from facts.
Q: How does this poem (word) express the author's thoughts and feelings?
Question variant: What kind of artistic conception does the word "x x" in a poem (word) express? Please enjoy this poem briefly (or appreciate it from the relationship between "emotion" and "scenery").
Answer steps: Step one, mobilize accumulation, read poems (words), understand the content and analyze emotions. The second step is organic integration and accurate expression.
Example 6: (National Day 2007, 12)
Coffee senna
Su Shi's transcendental platform (1)
Spring is not old, and the wind is slanting. Let's see that leaving Taiwan, half the city is full of flowers in spring, and there are thousands of flowers in misty rain.
After cold food (2), I feel uncomfortable after waking up. Don't miss the old country for the sake of old friends, try new fire, new tea and poetry wine while you are young.
[Note] ① Chao Ran Station: It is in the north of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong). At that time, Su Shi was a local official in Mizhou.
2 cold food: one or two days before Qingming. The old custom cold food festival does not raise fire, and the fire after the festival is called new fire.
Ask questions:
(1) From the words "consult", "take a break" and "ready", what kind of mood do you think the author should express in his words? Please analyze it briefly.
(2) Please appreciate this word from the perspectives of "emotion" and "scenery".
Answer:
(1) shows helplessness and bitterness. The scenery I saw in the detached platform aroused the author's homesickness, but he couldn't go home, so he had to "ask for advice" after waking up, and said helplessly, "Don't tell the old friend what homesickness worries me, but comfort himself with" making new tea with new fire "!
(2) The scene of "Spring is not old" on the transcendental stage described in the previous work; The next film expresses the homesickness of spring, though not old, but very helpless. This word is based on scenery, and the scene blends.
Conclusion: Analyze the examination questions of classical poetry appreciation in the college entrance examination in recent six years, especially since 2005, combining the image, language, expression skills, thoughts and feelings; The selection of materials includes both Tang poetry and Song Ci Yuan Qu. Subjective questions are the main ones, and some of them pay equal attention to both subjective and objective questions; From appreciating a poem to comparing two poems (words or songs) or three poems and songs. It can be seen that the appreciation of classical poetry in the college entrance examination has shown a situation of letting a hundred flowers blossom!
Classical poetry is a garden full of fragrance. Wisdom is enlightening, thank the sages for understanding!