A short literary review of Denggao is as follows:
This poem was written by Du Fu when he was in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. By writing about the scenery of the Autumn River seen from a high altitude, the whole poem expresses the poet's complex emotions of wandering around for many years, being old, sick and lonely. It is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first seven-character verse in Du's collection" ("Du Shi Jingquan"). Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" even praised this poem as the best seven-character verse in ancient and modern times.
The first four sentences describe the experience gained from climbing high. First couplet. The poet focused on the specific environment of Kuizhou and used the word "fengji" to drive the whole couplet. From the beginning, he wrote a good sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Kuizhou is famous for its large number of apes, and the Xiakou is famous for its strong winds. It's a crisp autumn day, but it's windy here. The poet climbed to a high place, and the sound of "the high ape roaring" kept coming from the gorge, which had the meaning of "the sound is heard in the empty valley, and the sorrow lasts for a long time" ("Shui Jing Zhu. River Water").
The poet moved his gaze from the heights to the river, Shuizhou and Zhu. On the background of clear water and white sand, there are dotted with flocks of birds flying in the wind and constantly circling. It is really a beautiful picture. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, and rivers, the roar of apes, and the flight of birds are all created by heaven and earth, and they are naturally paired.
Not only are the upper and lower sentences corresponding, but there are also self-matching pairs within the sentences, such as "sky" vs. "wind" in the previous sentence, "gao" vs. "ji", "sha" vs. "Zhu" in the next sentence, and " "White" versus "Qing", the reading is full of rhythm. After the poet's artistic refinement, the fourteen words are precise and accurate, and none of them are false. The use of words is "all thanks to the axe", reaching a wonderful and indescribable state.
What’s more noteworthy is that in the first sentence of the couplet, the last word is often in oblique tone, but this poem uses flat tone to rhyme. Shen Deqian was praised for his "reuse of rhyme in the two-sentence couplets, which changes the style" ("Tang Poetry Collection").
The chin couplets
The chin couplets express the typical characteristics of Kuizhou’s autumn. The poet looked up at the boundless swaying wooden leaves and looked down at the endlessly flowing and rolling river. While describing the scene, he deeply expressed his feelings.
The words “boundless” and “endless” make the words “xiaoxiao” and “rolling” more vivid. They not only remind people of the sound of falling wood and the turbulent shape of the Yangtze River, but also convey the intangible feeling that time is fleeting. , the sadness that ambition is hard to achieve. Through the melancholy and sad couplets, it shows the superb writing power, and it has the majestic momentum of "building a clear path" and "annotating hundreds of rivers to the east". The predecessors praised it as a "sentence-in-sentence state" that is "unparalleled in ancient and modern times", and it makes sense.