1, go. A good beginning can add color to the article and arouse the interest of the marking teacher. How to write the beginning of an article? This requires that when writing, the beginning of the article should be clean, not wordy, and get to the point quickly. Even in order to achieve a certain expression effect, after a little modification, we must quickly enter the topic and avoid too long modification. Articles are usually opened in the following ways:
First, cut to the chase (this is one of the most common and applicable methods. There is no embellishment at the beginning, so get to the point. This method is neat and concise, easy to be accepted by readers, and suitable for narrative, argumentative and other styles);
B, metaphor (at the beginning of the article, using one or more appropriate metaphor sentences can give people a very deep impression and achieve unexpected results);
C. citation method (quoting one or two famous aphorisms that fit the meaning of the topic at the beginning can highlight the theme on the one hand, and add literary grace to the article on the other hand, which may have unexpected effects);
D, set the suspense method (the question is set at the beginning of the article, which can attract readers to look down and let readers find the answer or point out the answer to the question at the back of the article. If used properly, it can also achieve good results).
2. Transitional care. "Transition" refers to the cohesion between paragraphs; "Care" refers to the care at the beginning and end, the care within the context, and the care between various parts and topics. The content of an article jumps from one paragraph to another, and it needs one or two sentences to make the transition, so that the idea of the article will be smooth and there will be no incoherent defects. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the content of the transition, which will be more complicated. If the article lacks care, it will give people a feeling of being incomplete or deviating from the meaning of the question. When writing, we must pay attention to careful questions, so that the structure of the article written is complete.
3, the end. The ending is also a vital part of the article, which can neither be anticlimactic nor superfluous. The ending is the last part of the theme of the full text, and it is also the deepening of the theme, which can not be ignored. The article is difficult at the beginning and difficult at the end. The difficulty is that there is no fixed pattern, but according to the content and formal characteristics of the article itself, it follows the fate and comes down in one continuous line. In other words, there are many articles, but the ending will not be the same. Common ending methods are:
A, the text is naturally collected at will (the natural collection of the full text makes it have a concise and unpretentious ending, which is crisp and neat, saves pen and ink and is very concise);
B, implicit ending (you can leave a "blank" for readers to remember. You can also ask a new question with rhetorical questions at the end, which will arouse people's thinking and make the article more profound);
C, the ending and the title take care of each other; Call, end of summary.
4, the level should be clear
An article consists of several parts, and the combination relationship between the parts is the hierarchical relationship. Whether the hierarchical relationship is reasonable and clear directly reflects whether the thinking is reasonable and clear.
Some students' writing level is not reasonable and clear, mainly in two aspects: first, the paragraph division is unreasonable, either one paragraph is at the end or a short paragraph is too broken, which makes people unable to understand the context; Second, this paragraph and that paragraph are intertwined. Although these manifestations are different, they all reflect the author's lack of overall conception before writing, and he is naturally confused when he wants to write.
2. Middle school students should pay attention to the arrangement of structure and the tempering of language in writing, because what is the key to getting high marks in college entrance examination composition is 1. Obviously, due to the time, the marking teacher of the college entrance examination can't read the article carefully, and can't clearly understand the composition skills of the candidates. Candidates should pay special attention to the word "obvious".
First of all, the main idea of the article should be clear. In the usual writing, some students like to write some implicit words in order to achieve the implicit beauty of literature, which has also won the favor of teachers and even published many articles. However, it is too implicit to do so in the college entrance examination, which will lead the article into a dead end and make it difficult to understand in a short time. It is easy for the marking teacher to mistake it for digression and enter the cold palace. Secondly, the arguments of the article should be clearly explained in chapters, and the sentences reflecting its central idea should be taken into account at the beginning, middle and end. The most obvious way is to put them at the beginning of the paragraph so that the reviewers can see at a glance.
For example, in 2003, the composition "Eyes on the sidelines" with full marks in Fujian college entrance examination took seven paragraphs. There is such an obvious viewpoint sentence in the first sentence of the middle paragraph: "It is conscious to look at others with a bystander's eye." "Looking at things from the perspective of a bystander is the transcendence of ideas."
There is also a passage that focuses on this point: "With the eyes of onlookers, Gu Kuang's sincere appreciation of" waiting for the easy "has made Bai Juyi, who has just shown his talent, eliminate his worries; Xu Beihong helped Fu Baoshi and strongly supported him to go abroad for further study, which made him famous. Under the watchful eye, Picasso had a heart-to-heart talk with Zhang Daqian and played a swan song of the integration of eastern and western paintings! " Do you feel uncomfortable reading such a clear and insightful article? In addition, you should also pay attention to putting the sentence you think you are most proud of at the beginning of the paragraph, or highlighting it with an inscription, or simply starting a new paragraph. 2. Fiction is fiction.
It is good to be realistic in college entrance examination composition, but it is difficult to find real and touching stories in life, because we have been living in a school-family lifestyle for a long time. The composition of the college entrance examination requires innovation, which will inevitably turn the original humble things into vivid twists and turns.
For example, in 2003, the perfect composition "Nanny and Family Education" in Hunan College Entrance Examination made up a story in the form of a short story. Based on the psychological feelings of a sociology professor, the author puts her in a skirt storm, which truly reveals her trust in the hardworking and practical nanny and her suspicion of the enthusiastic and lively tutor, but the result of the storm is beyond her expectation, thus vividly mocking the wrong tendency to recognize things with emotional intimacy.
Of course, fiction should conform to the reality of life. The nanny in Nanny and Tutor is a country girl, which seems simple. Tutor junior, love beauty. Not to mention the professor, we ordinary people should suspect that the tutor stole the skirt. Besides, the nanny is in good order and the tutor has a good chat. However, it is worth noting that novels cannot live without a foundation. 1999 The composition topics of the college entrance examination are Perseverance-the Character I Pursue and Overcoming Vulnerability. At that time, many students made up the story of "parents died" in order to win the moving eyes of the marking teacher, and also lost the morality of being a man. In 1999, they were also dubbed by the marking teacher as ". 3, the whole is the combination of the article echo, giving people a sense of wholeness.
The reader's psychology attaches great importance to the beginning, middle and end of the article, especially the structural echo of the end or the sublimation language of the theme. For example, in 2002, the composition "Red Dancing Shoes", which scored full marks in Shaanxi college entrance examination, organically arranged two clues: ① "I" took part in the composition contest with once glory and pride, and failed; Karen put on beautiful red dancing shoes and danced so selflessly that the shoes reached her feet that she had to ask for them to be cut off.
The subtlety of the article lies in skillfully advancing these two clues in parallel, alternating light and shade, and the story connotation is self-evident, forming a patchwork and complete artistic conception beauty. Finally, I used "Yes, honor is a thing of the past. Why should I be bound by it? " ? Say goodbye to the unrealistic "red dancing shoes"! Success is beckoning to you! "It tells the reasonable choice in the face of the past and reality, and buckles the topic, thus putting the two clues together completely.
It is natural for this article to get full marks. 4. Jane is a simple pen outline.
Generally, argumentative papers or narratives of the college entrance examination should be a collection of various materials, which are informative and meet the requirements of "substantial content", so some materials with time, place, characters, occurrence, development, * * and ending are not welcome. Narrative writing in general, especially essays in the form of prose, is especially taboo to simply describe one person and one thing (except for ingenious short stories, of course), so as not to make the article go into a shallow abyss.
For example, there is such a wonderful saying in a perfect composition "Facing the Sea" in the 2002 Shanghai college entrance examination: the sea is different from the river. The river flows slowly, such as Lao Dan's "quiet and subtle, keeping mysterious and holding one"; Moreover, the vicissitudes of life have changed a lot, such as Zhuang Zhou's "Let the hole reach and escape".
The majestic potential of the sea, the pride of the sea, and the tranquility of the sea-in the face of such a sea, what I heard was Meng De's "Martyrs in their twilight years are full of courage"; What I see is a white "solitary sail from the sun"; I think of Zi Shou's "the moon is now full at sea, and the horizon is * * * at this time". Such wonderful words come from the careful tempering of materials, and the words are rich in connotation. Why not? As for the simplicity of argumentative materials, it is a well-known feature.
The stories written in the examination room should be summarized. First, it can increase the capacity of the story and explain it from multiple angles.
3. What should I pay attention to when writing a composition? First, careful observation is the golden key to improve your writing level. The article is the product of objective things reflected in the author's mind. Reflect the guests without observing the objective things carefully. Only by careful observation can you find the broken jade from the mineral deposits of life phenomena and grab the glittering treasure in the sand. If you don't master it, you can "observe" this golden key to open the door. The "iron gate limit" of composition can never be crossed. Second, reading more books and reading widely is the premise of improving the level of composition. To write a good article, you must read more books. "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god." "I am familiar with three Tang poems, I can't write poems and I can't sing." Mr. Lu Xun also advocates reading more books. "You must pick many flowers like a bee, so as to make honey. If you read it selectively, you should also read it, understand the structural skills and language characteristics of the articles you read, and master the composition from it, so that it can be deeper and more diverse. Third, clever selection of materials is an accelerator to improve the level of composition. The requirement of material selection is novel, that is to say, you should choose something that ordinary people have never touched or ignored. Once the author writes it into the book, it will be thought-provoking and touching. See the big picture from the small, and write the materials that are in everyone's eyes but not in the pen. To this end, we must compare, analyze and synthesize various materials in our minds, remove the rough and extract the fine, and transform and process them. Only in this way can the materials be novel. And this kind of active thinking and repeated scrutiny and analysis work is very helpful to improve the writing level. Fourth, practicing writing often is the key to improve your writing level. If you want to enter the door of writing, it is more important to practice more. As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." "This tells a truth, writing practice makes true knowledge. After learning an article, we understand the structural methods and writing characteristics of the article, so we must learn to use these knowledge and methods to practice and practice, so as to make it our writing ability. In fact, you can practice writing after learning the first text. The essay practice time is not long, achieving the purpose of practicing writing. Keeping a diary is also an effective way to practice writing. After keeping a diary every day, the Russian foundation will be solid. Fifth, frequent revision and repeated revision are the catalysts to improve the writing level. Revision is a necessary step and effective measure to improve the quality of composition. As the predecessors said, "the article is never tired of changing." "The article changed. "Cao Xueqin wrote it. Mr. Lu Xun advocated that "it is not a pity to read it at least twice after finalizing it, and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs." "Obviously, the revision of the provisions generally refers to the process from the first draft to the final draft. There are five points to be done when revising: whether the text is fluent, whether the theme is clear, whether the structure is compact and whether the language is beautiful. In short, the article is always changing. "
4. Write an article in the form of "gratitude to parents" Dear Mom and Dad: In short, in a person's life, he has been supported by his parents since childhood, educated by teachers at school, and cared and helped by leaders and colleagues after work. When he is old, he will inevitably accept the support and care of the younger generation; Generally speaking, as individual members of society, we all live in a multi-level social environment, and we all get certain living conditions and development opportunities from this environment, that is to say, this social environment is kind to each of us. Gratitude means that a person has a correct understanding of the relationship between himself and others and society; Gratitude is the sense of responsibility under this correct understanding. Without the gratitude and gratitude of members of society, it is hard to imagine that a society can develop normally. In the air of gratitude, people can keep calm about many things. In the air of gratitude, people can seriously and pragmatically start from the smallest things; In the air of gratitude, people are spontaneously and truly strict with themselves and lenient with others; In the air of gratitude, people face up to their mistakes and help each other; In the air of gratitude, people will not feel lonely.
5. What should I pay attention to when writing a composition?
1. Writing should be standardized and clear.
Pay attention to the writing format of various styles when writing. Punctuation, capitalization and migration rules should be used correctly. Clear handwriting and neat scroll will give people a refreshing and pleasing feeling; To enhance the appeal of the article.
2. Carefully examine the questions and correctly understand the tips.
When writing, you should carefully examine the questions. For composition topics with hints, we must closely follow the hints and accurately express the content according to the requirements of the questioner. You can make a draft first, or at least draw up an outline. When developing an outline into an article, we should pay attention to the completeness and richness of the content, and be careful not to write some unnecessary words repeatedly in order to make up the number.
3. Pay attention to the ideological content of the article
Pay attention to the healthy ideological content of the article when writing. The attitude should be clear, what is in favor of, what is condemned, clear and unambiguous. It should accurately reflect the reality, have certain ideological content and inspire people.
4. Try to be grammatically correct
When writing, you should generally use easy-to-understand and concise sentences. Don't write complicated long sentences, complex sentences and long and obscure sentences. You should use words, phrases and sentence patterns that you are familiar with. Pay special attention to accuracy when using tense and voice. No matter which tense you use when writing, you should give consideration to both up and down; Be consistent and don't change it at will.
5. The article should be natural.
Write articles as easily and naturally as possible, use words and sentences that conform to English habits, and don't be far-fetched. Don't use flashy words, don't make up difficult and obscure sentences. The article should strive for fluency, fluency and naturalness.
6. The structure of the article should be complete and reasonable
The article should be as coherent as possible and echo before and after. Transitions should be natural and paragraphs should be generally symmetrical, neither too long nor too short, neither too light nor too heavy.
7. Check it carefully and modify it carefully
6. The writing form characteristics and precautions of the composition: 1. Metaphor: The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology, vehicle and figurative words.
The ontology and vehicle of metaphor must be different things, but they are similar. Using metaphor can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple and abstract into concrete.
2. Analogy: including personification and imitation. Personification is to describe things as adults and give them human emotions, will, actions, etc. Imitation is to describe people as things, or to describe this thing as another thing.
Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid. 3. Metonymy: replacing noumenon with body.
It doesn't directly say the person or thing it wants to express, but uses related things instead. It can replace the whole with parts, the ontology with features, and the generic name with proper names. For example, in medicine, replacing words with "white beard" means replacing noumenon with features. Metaphor requires similarity between ontology and vehicle, while metonymy requires similarity between borrowing and ontology.
Metonymy can concretize expression. 4. Exaggeration: including reasonable exaggeration or reduction of things.
Lu Xun wrote in Medicine: ... eyes are like two knives, cutting the old bolt in half. "The last sentence used the exaggeration of" narrowing ".
Exaggeration should be reasonable, its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people and enhance the expression effect. 5. Duality: commonly known as "antithesis", it is called "antithesis" in poetry.
Duality can be divided into wide pair and strict pair. Generally speaking, the number of words, relative parts of speech, structure and related meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be the same; It can be a phrase or a sentence.
There are positive, negative and flowing equivalent types. Use duality, neat sentences, concise expression and lyricism.
6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen tone, content and emotion.
7. Ask questions: Ask questions without doubt, attract attention in self-questioning and self-answering, and inspire people to think. 8. rhetorical question: there is no doubt, but the answer lies in the problem, that is, the negative meaning is expressed in a positive form, and the positive meaning is expressed in a negative form.
It has the function of strengthening tone and emotion. Features: 1, the characteristics of the first-person narrative method Because the content of the article is conveyed to the reader through "I", it means that what is written in the article is what the narrator saw with his own eyes, heard with his own ears, or his own personal experience, which makes the reader feel cordial and true.
Use the first person, because the narrator is the party, the people and things described can only be those within the scope of "I" activities. People and things outside the scope of activities cannot be written in.
2. The third-person narrative method is characterized by the use of third-person narrative. The narrator is not limited by space or time, nor by physiology or psychology. He can directly show the people and things in the article to the readers and reflect the social life freely and flexibly. But the third-person narrative is often not as intimate and natural as the first-person narrative.
3, the characteristics of the chronological method, chronological method is to describe things, in line with the actual situation of the development of things, so it is easy to write articles clearly. When using chronological order, we should pay attention to proper tailoring and highlight key points.
Otherwise, it is easy to list, easy to be straightforward, and like a running account, it is boring to read. 4. flashback method features flashback is not to reverse the whole event, but to advance a certain part, and the others are sequential methods.
There are generally three kinds of flashbacks: first, in order to express the central idea of the article, the part that can best express the central idea is mentioned in front and highlighted; The second is to make the structure of the article changeable and avoid straightforward narration; Third, in order to show the effect, the article twists and turns, causing suspense and fascinating. Explain the starting point clearly when flashback.
There should be clear boundaries between flashback and sequence, necessary text transition and natural connection. Pay special attention not to toss and turn aimlessly, making the article unclear.
5. Interpolation is characterized by expressing the needs of the article center. Sometimes it is to help readers understand the narrative of the story; Sometimes it is to annotate and explain the plot of the characters that appear.
The use of interpolation must obey the need to express the central idea, so as not to rock the boat and steal the host's attention. When inserting a narrative, we should also pay attention to the transition, care and cohesion of the article, and there should be no traces of fracture.
6. Supplementary narrative method is mainly used to supplement the above narrative, which is generally fragmentary and short, and does not have a complete event. You can also put the explanation or explanation in front and cause the following. The function of supplementary narrative generally does not develop plots and events, but enriches and supplements the original narrative.
7. Characteristics of Classification The function of classification is to write complicated things clearly and orderly. You can tell one thing first, then another, or you can cross-talk several things.
When using classification, it is necessary to establish narrative clues according to the content of the article and the need to express the central idea, and also to explain clearly the time when each event occurred and developed. 8. Detailed description Features Detailed description is generally used to describe the development and change process of things.
When describing details, we should grasp the characteristics of characters or the details of things and describe them in detail. When writing a composition, the part closely related to the central idea should be described in detail.
It has little to do with the central idea, but it has to be explained, so as to highlight the center of the article. Otherwise, the article will appear non-center or multi-center, which is more complicated.
9. The function of brief description is to explain what is indispensable in the process of the occurrence and development of events, but it is not necessary to describe them in detail. When it is combined with detailed narrative, the whole narrative is detailed, sparse and dense, forming the ups and downs of narrative.
Brief narration is generally used at the beginning and end of the article; The part generally related to the central idea; What people know. 10, the characteristics of direct lyricism can make emotional expression simple, true and shocking.
Direct lyric is generally suitable for expressing strong and nervous feelings. Direct lyric is characterized by strong narrative feelings, fast and tense rhythm, straightforward feelings and easy to grasp.
1 1, the characteristics of indirect lyric method are implicit and indirect, full of charm and strong appeal. Indirect lyricism can generally be expressed through narration, and the author joins in the narrative.