From the literary trend of thought, classicism was a period of literary trend of thought in the17th century when the monarchy nation-state was established and capitalism gradually developed. /kloc-France, which developed most fully in the 0/7th century, also appeared in Britain, Germany and Russia, and once occupied a dominant position in Europe. It is named after studying, worshiping and imitating ancient times and taking ancient Greek and Roman literature as a model. From the political and social roots, classicism is the product of the development of commercial capital, based on the mercantilist policy. It was subordinate to the autocratic monarchy at that time, and it was a literary reflection of the autocratic monarchy, and also a manifestation of the bourgeoisie's temporary accommodation, compromise and concession to the feudal monarch at that time. 1. The basic spirit is "rationality" first, paying attention to normal meaning, requiring writers to know the world normally and express it clearly. You should have unchangeable principles in your mind, because behind all fickle phenomena, there is an eternal principle, an absolute concept of "beauty". The writer's mission is to express this absolute concept as much as possible. Classicism does not pay attention to expressing personal thoughts and feelings, but to writing general types. 3. Classicism advocates "learning from nature". Nature mentioned here does not refer to the objective world, but the phenomenon of subjective choice; The object of classicism description is mainly human nature. This is what they call "nature". Classical writers almost turn a blind eye to the material world. 4. Classicism requires "realism", but it does not require writing truth, because real things are sometimes not pleasing to the eye; At the same time, classicism requires "propriety", that is, the things described in the works must make everyone look pleasing to the eye without causing disgust. 5. Classicism holds that the task of literature lies in educating, persuading the good and forbidding the evil. 6. Advocate the great writers of ancient Greece and Rome and take their works as the standard. 7. The genre of various literary works should have strict boundaries and rules. For example, tragedy and comedy should not be confused (against writing tragicomedy), and tragedy should abide by the "three unifications". 8. Classicism requires the style of writing to be concise, concise, clear and accurate, and opposes trival, rambling, vague and obscure. /kloc-French classical literature in the 0/7th century was closely related to the autocratic monarchy and centralized politics at that time. It is protected, encouraged and cultivated by this regime, and it serves this regime. Louis XIV paid a generous annual salary to the famous writers at that time and treated them with the same courtesy as aristocratic families. Horace believes that the task of poetry is to inherit the will of God and guide life. Fiction is allowed when imitating nature, but it should be reasonable and close to reality. "The purpose of the novel is to make people happy", "entertaining, not only to convince the reader, but also to make him like it and achieve expectations." Poets "should play with Greek examples day and night", should look for real examples in life and customs, learn the language faithful to life, discover the types and characteristics of people, and create some words with the characteristics of the times. These words can follow the traditional theme and describe people who tend to stereotype (such as Achilli Uss). Horace also believes that drama should maintain a consistent structure, and the characters' personalities, ages and languages should be consistent, so as to form an organic whole to reflect harmony. The plot effect of the script is more important than the plain effect, and five acts and three actors are the most suitable. We should also avoid murder and the rude words of ordinary people. According to the above purposes and approaches, poetry and drama can reach their highest quality, which Horace called "appropriate" or "in line with etiquette". In addition, Horace also believes that genius can't focus on feelings, and judgment (rational judgment) is the beginning and source of writing success. Only in this way can the drama produce wonderful ideas that the audience can't put it down and linger. Horace's idea of "entertaining through education" and his views on combination, type and * * * laid the basic principles for classicism in17th century, which played an important role in the history of ancient western aesthetic thoughts, and its influence was second only to Aristotle and Plato. Born in Venus (now Vinosa), a border town in Apulia, southern Italy. About 52 ~ 50 BC, I went to Rome to study, and then I went to Athens for further study. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, Athens became the activity center of the * * * peace faction. Horace enlisted in the * * * pacifist army and was appointed as the commander of the legion. In 42 BC, the * * * army was defeated, and Horace claimed to "abandon the shield and flee". Later, he took advantage of the Amnesty to return to Rome and wrote poems in poverty. There are 2 volumes of satirical poems, 4 volumes of long and short sentences, 4 volumes of songs, 2 volumes of songs of the century and letters. Satire and short sentences are both early works, which may have been written at the same time. Horace claimed to have inherited the tradition of Roman satirical poems, but his satirical poems lacked political color, mainly advocated morality, mocked meanness, greed, fraud, lewdness and other bad habits in the form of small talk, and advocated the doctrine of the mean and reasonable enjoyment. Long and short sentences are two-line poems whose second line is one step less than the first line, which shows a certain tendency in content. The first three volumes of Song were published in 23 BC, with a total of 88 songs, most of which are lyric poems describing love, friendship, wine and music. The first to sixth songs in the third volume are also called Roman Odes, praising Augustus and the revival of Rome under his rule, with elegant and solemn style. The themes of many poems in songji are similar to satirical poems, and they all advocate the ideal of staying away from worldly troubles and keeping inner peace and contentment. These poems are philosophical, lyrical, mythical and allusive, with rich associations and vivid images, which are quite touching to read. The fourth volume of songji was published in 13 BC, with *** 15 poems, which praised Augustus more in content. Song of the Century was commissioned by Augustus in BC 17 to celebrate the century, wishing Rome prosperity and praising Augustus' rule. The style is harmonious, beautiful and solemn. The first volume of the letter was written in 23-20 BC, and the main content is still the philosophy of life. The second volume is all related to literary criticism, especially the third volume, commonly known as "poetic art", which has become a famous piece of European classical literary theory. On the basis of rich poetry creation practice, the poet talked about artistic imitation, the relationship between art and life, the educational role of literature and art, the poet's cultivation and other issues, which had a great influence on later European literary theory. Ron gill, Nasby Horace, was about a century late. His only surviving work is the paper Peri Hupsous, which is now translated into On Sublime. In this paper, Ron Gilnas mainly discusses the noble and grand language, in order to explain the reasons for the special aesthetic feeling of "ekstasis".
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