"The Yang Qi is awakening at the beginning, and the time is shining all over the earth. Peach blossoms are blooming, and the eagles are aging and the spring doves are aging." The poem by Yuan Zhen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, in "Ode to the Twenty-Four Qi Poems Awakening the Insects on the February Festival" depicts During the Waking of Insects season, the spring flowers bloom and the scenery is full of vitality. The Jingzhe solar term in 2018 has arrived today, let the old almanac introduce to you the customs and customs of the Jingzhe solar term.
Jingzhe February Festival
"Jingzhe" is the third solar term in spring. The east wind blows, the frozen ice melts and the rain falls. Every year in March of the Gregorian calendar The half-month period from around the 5th to the next solar term "Spring Equinox". In ancient times, there were opinions on the order of "Rain" and "Jingzhe", and some regarded "Rain" as the February festival.
After the Han Dynasty, "Jingzhe" was established after "Yu". "Jing Shi Yi Zhuan·Gui Mei" written by Jing Fang in the Western Han Dynasty said: "Jingzhe February Festival"; Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty, one of the twenty-four Qi poems "Jingzhe February Festival", said: "The Yang Qi first awakens the insects, and the time is bright and the earth is full." They all regard Jingzhe as the first solar term in February of the lunar calendar. The February Festival here is based on the Chinese almanac.
From the beginning of spring to the "waking of insects", it actually proceeds gradually. "Yi Zhou Shu Shi Xun Jie" records the phenology of the beginning of spring, saying: "On the day of the beginning of spring, the east wind thaws, and on the fifth day, the hibernating insects begin to stir." In other words, at the beginning of spring, the insects that hibernated in winter will feel . At the Jingzhe solar term, the stinging insects come out of their caves.
The most typical weather for the Awakening of Insects is thunder. "The windows are open on all sides, and the wind brings sea clouds; a burst of rain urges the flowers, and several thunders are heard for the Awakening of Insects." (Song Dynasty·Chen Yunping's "Mountain House"), "Kun "There is a thunder in the palace in the middle of the night, and the hibernating insects in the flower house are already blooming." (Qiu Yuan's "Thunder in the Sun" by Qiu Yuan at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty) describes this solar term phenomenon. The loud thunder shakes the ground and wakes up the hibernating insects in the ground. Hibernation hole.
The ancient phenology and phenology of the Jingzhe solar term
"Yi Zhou Shu Shi Xun Jie" records the phenology and phenology of the Jingzhe solar term, saying: "On the day of Jingzhe, peaches begin to bloom, and on the fifth day, Cang Geng sings. , and five days later, the eagle turned into a dove."
1. The peach blossoms bloom at the beginning of the Awakening of Insects. In February of the lunar calendar, peach blossoms are in full bloom. Cao Xun of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem: "The east wind blows on Sudi Road in February, and the peach blossoms among the trees willow." It can be seen that the peach blossoms bloom in February. The "Monthly Table of Vase History" written by Tu Benjiu in the late Ming Dynasty said that one of the leaders of the flower alliance in February was Feitao. Fei peach is a crimson peach blossom. Ming Cao Dazhang's poem: "How deep is the Wuling stream? I laugh at the peach blossoms and want to know about it." It describes the beautiful spring scenery of peach blossoms in February.
2. Cang Geng screams during the second waiting period of the Waking of Insects. Cang Geng is also called Cang Yi, which is the alias of Huang Ying. There is a poem in "The Book of Songs·July": "The spring sun carries the sun, and there is the sound of Cang Geng". "The Book of Birds" says: "The barn eagle is a yellow bird. Today it is called an oriole or an oriole. The wild people call it Huangliliu. The sound of the bird is deafening."
3. At the end of the Waking of Insects, "the eagle turns into a dove". According to the ancients, what happened when an eagle turned into a dove? "The Book of Birds" explains: "Feathers change and the seasons change. In the mid-spring festival, the eagle turns into a dove. ... In the mid-autumn festival, the dove turns into an eagle again."
Solar Terms and Common Proverbs
< p> In the agricultural society, people would "wake up" weather conditions, corresponding to harvest, rain, etc. The following are some of the prediction proverbs, which people today may wish to use as a reference:"The Jingzhe of Insects thunders, and there are piles of rice.", "The Jingzhe of Insects brings rain and thunder, and the wheat fields are like mounds of earth." ”
These two proverbs point out that thunder and lightning come at the right time, foretelling favorable winds and rains, and a bumper harvest, with plump grains piling up into grains.
“Before the thunder and the awakening of insects, it rained continuously in February. After the thunder and the awakening of the insects, the dry weather turned into the spring.”
If the thunder occurs before and after the awakening of the insects, it is too early and the thunder comes early. , From now on, it will rain continuously for months, and the thunder will come late, and there will be a drought in the spring.
"Jingzhe does not hide cattle" and "Jingzhe does not rake the ground, just like a steamer that has run out of steam."
The meaning of these two proverbs is that farming must be done according to the weather. When Jingzhe arrives, If the fields are not plowed, it will be too late. No wonder Yuan Zhen's poem about the Jingzhe solar term says: "The time is rushing to germinate, and the time is right to cultivate; the world is busy, and the fields are full of cultivation." When the Jingzhe comes, it reminds people that the most important thing is to cultivate the land. , supplying life food to everyone in the world.
The Flower Festival has an appointment with flowers and plants
Throughout the Chinese dynasties, many people went to enjoy the spring, enjoy the flowers, and flutter butterflies during the Waking of Insects season in February, which is often called "Flower Festival" is also known as "Grass Stepping Festival", "Vegetable Picking Festival" or "Flower God Festival". The customs in various places are slightly different, but they are all about making appointments with flowers, plants, butterflies and birds, and most of them fall on February 2nd and February 15th. The "Flower Morning" in mid-spring in February is opposite to the "Moon Eve" of the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, which is a beautiful scene in the spring and autumn seasons of the year.
The Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the February Festival. People harmoniously harmonize with heaven and earth, expressing the spirit of unity between heaven, earth and man. "Old Book of Tang: The Benji of Dezong" records that Dezong of the Tang Dynasty felt that in mid-spring, heaven and earth were harmonious, so he designated February 1st as the "Zhonghe Festival" to help smooth things over, and all internal and external lawsuits took a day off. In the Tang Dynasty, the Zhonghe Festival, the Shangsi Festival and the Double Ninth Festival were collectively called the "Three Orders Festival". In February of the sixth year of the Zhenyuan Dynasty, the emperor gave a banquet to all ministers, and hundreds of officials gathered at the Qujiang Pavilion.
In February, spring is still alive, you can enjoy flowers and butterflies, and step on the grass to pick vegetables.
The "Flower Festival" is in mid-spring. At this time, Meng Chun's "beginning of spring" and "rain" have passed. , Yang Qi has just been filled, and the heaven and earth are prosperous.
"Shuowen" says: "In February, all things emerge from the ground." Flowers are sensitive to solar terms. As spring enters February, there are already many shadows of flowers.
Tian Rucheng's "Xi Chao Pleasures" of the Ming Dynasty contains the youthful stories of the ladies at that time. It is lively and interesting, more sensitive to solar terms than modern people, and not lacking in fashion: "On the second day of February (February), all ladies and gentlemen wore ponchos. As the proverb goes, a hundred grasses bloom before they bloom. "
According to Liu Hao's "Guangqun Fangpu" of the Qing Dynasty, the Flower Chao Festival, Grass Stepping Festival, There are many Vegetable Picking Festivals in various places. A few excerpts are recorded below:
"Chengdu Chronicles": February 15th is the Flower Festival and the Butterfly Flying Festival. The Shu people also use this day to sell silkworms in the market. , because of the pleasure of looking at it, it is called the Silkworm Market.
"Hu Zhong Zeng Lu": In central Fujian, February 2nd is the Outing Festival, and in Sichuan, it is the Outing Festival.
"Xiao Mo Ji": It is custom in Luoyang that February 2nd is the Flower Festival, where the common people go out to play, and it is also the Vegetable Picking Festival.
"Records of the Years of the Middle Qin Dynasty": On February 2nd, people were picking vegetables in Qujiang River, and the sightseeing of scholars and people was very popular.
"Chengzhai Poetry": The 12th day of February in Tokyo is called the Flower Festival, which is the Butterfly Fighting Party.
The Southern Song Dynasty's Kyoto Scenery "Qian Chun's Years" records that "on February 2, an imperial banquet of picking vegetables was held in the palace." There was a game of picking vegetables with a golden grate, and the words hidden in the dendrobium were reward and punishment. In fact, they were real rewards and fake punishments. The prizes given were gold, silver, cups, pearls, jade, and other the best things in the world, and there was a lot of joy and joy. This custom was also introduced to the royal palace:
"First, prepare a bunch of red and green dendrobium flowers, make a small scroll with Luo silk at the bottom, write the title of the book on the top, tie it with red silk, and plant lettuce, shepherd's purse and other products on the top. When there is a banquet to reward music, from the middle hall to the middle hall, everyone picks it up with a golden grate. The concubine, the prince, the noble lord, Jieyu and the governor, etc., are all rewarded without punishment. Each dendrobium is numbered ten, and the five red characters are Reward, the five black characters are punishment, the upper reward is the real pearl, the jade cup, the goldware, the northern pearl, the grate ring, the pearl jade, the collar wipe, the second is also the silver collar, the wine vessel, the crown, the green flower, the silk, and the ambergris. , royal fans, pens and ink, official kilns, fixed utensils, etc., and punishments include dancing, singing, chanting poems, chanting Buddha's name, drinking cold water, eating ginger, etc. They can be used to make jokes, and they can also be used in palaces and residences.
On the February Festival of Jingzhe, "a thunder sounded in the middle of the night in Kun Palace" startled the stinging insects, which is a reminder to the world that "times are rushing, sprouting? Time to repair; people are doing things in the world, and farming is full of fields." At this time, all things are in the world. Thriving, the most important thing is to cultivate in time.