Confucius (September 28th, 5565438 BC-April, 65438 BC+April, 065438 BC) was born in Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province) and Shandong Province (now Qufu, Shandong Province). Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and was the founder of Confucianism.
Educated by Laozi, Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he studied six classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi Zhuan and Chunqiu. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
2. Mozi
Mozi, named Zhai, was a Song poet in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the early Warring States Period. Mozi, a descendant of Mu Yi, an aristocrat in the Song Dynasty, worked as a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He was the founder of Mohism and a famous thinker, educator, scientist and strategist in the Warring States Period.
Mozi is the only philosopher born as a farmer in the history of China. Mozi founded Mohism, which had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and was called "one of the best" with Confucianism. He put forward the viewpoints of "universal love", "non-aggression", "Shang Xian", "Shang Tong", "ambition", "ghost", "death", "unhappiness" and "frugality".
3. Sun Wu
Sun Wu (about 545 BC-about 470 BC), whose real name was Changqing, was born in Le 'an (now northern Shandong Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. China, a famous strategist and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, was honored as a soldier sage or grandson (Sun Wuzi), also known as "the most holy strategist", and was known as "the teacher of a hundred schools of thought" and "the originator of eastern military science".
Sun Wu was active from the end of 6th century BC to the beginning of 5th century BC, from Qi State to Wu State, and was recommended by the senior minister of Wu State (Wu Zixu). He presented thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War to He Lv, the king of Wu, and was reused as a general. He once led Wu Jun to defeat the Chu army, occupied the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu.
4. Mencius
Mencius (372 BC-289 BC) was named Ke. Han nationality, Zou Guoren in the Warring States Period, descended from Lu Guoqing's father. Mencius inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius. He had a comprehensive and great influence on China culture in later generations, and was known as the "Asian Sage", and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.
China was a famous thinker and educator in ancient times and a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period. Mencius and his disciples wrote Mencius.
5. Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (340 BC or 339-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Chu Danyang (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even.
In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After General Qin attacked Ying, the capital of Chu State (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), Qu Yuan drowned in the Miluo River and died heroically.
Reference source 1: Baidu Encyclopedia-Confucius
Reference 2: Baidu Encyclopedia-Mozi
Reference 3: Baidu Encyclopedia-Sun Wu
Reference 4: Baidu Encyclopedia-Mencius
Reference source 5: Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, Wu Cheng'en wrote The Journey to the West, Luo Guanzhong wrote The Romance of Three Kingdoms, Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, Shi Naian wrote The Water Margin, Ba Jin wrote Home Spring and Autumn, Bing Xin wrote Send a Little Scholar, Huang Beijia wrote I want to be a good boy and so on.
China's first collection of poems-The Book of Songs (unknown)
China's First Chronological Epic —— Zuo Qiuming's Zuo Zhuan
China's First National History Book-(Unknown) Mandarin
China's first biographical history book-Sima Qian's Historical Records
China's first classic Confucian prose-The Analects of Confucius (written by disciple)
Sun Wu's The Art of War, China's first military work.
China's first historical prose describing a person's words and deeds-Yan Ying's Yan Zi Chun Qiu
Ban Gu's Hanshu: China's First Chronological History Book
China's first monograph on literary criticism-Cao Pi's Classic Papers.
China's First Monograph on Literary Theory and Criticism —— Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long
China's first monograph on poetry theory and criticism--zhong rong's poems.
China's first popular science work-Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan
China's First Hydrogeology Monograph —— Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics
China's First Famous Opera —— Guan Hanqing's Dou E Yuan
China's First Diary Travels —— Xu Hongzu's Travels of Xu Xiake
China's First Romantic Myth Novel —— Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en
China's First Satire Novel —— Wu's The Scholars
Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first collection of short stories in classical Chinese written by individuals in China.
China's first lyric poem-Qu Yuan's Li Sao
China's First Long Narrative Poem —— Zhang Henshui's Peacock Flying Southeast
Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Luo Guanzhong, Water Margin: Shi Naian, The Journey to the West: Wu Cheng'en, Dream of Red Mansions: Cao Xueqin.
Brief introduction of ancient, modern and contemporary writers in China
Pre-Qin writers
Confucius (55 BC1~ 479), a famous native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. The core of thought is "benevolence". There are 20 existing Analects of Confucius, which are a collection of quotations from his disciples and his disciples who recorded his words and deeds with them. "On", read lún, select also, and select excerpts.
Mozi (468 ~ 376 BC), a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, was the founder of Mohism, and advocated "universal love", "mutual aggression", "Shang Xian" and "frugality". He is the author of Mozi, with 53 articles today.
Laozi, surnamed Li, was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of the Taoist school. He wrote a book, Lao Zi, also known as Tao Te Ching, with 8 1 chapter.
Sun Tzu, whose real name is Changqing, was born in the State of Qi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and was a military theorist. He wrote Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War, with thirteen articles, which were called "Military Classics" in ancient times. This is China's first military work.
Mencius (before 372? Yu Zi, a famous scholar, was born in Zou County during the Warring States Period. He is a thinker, politician and educator, and a master of Confucianism after Confucius. Its central idea is "benevolence and righteousness", which advocates benevolent government, emphasizes that "the people are more valuable than the monarch" and attaches importance to the people's hearts. Put forward the theory of "good nature" on the issue of human nature. He is the author of Mencius.
Zhuangzi (369 ~ 286 BC), a native of Song Mengcheng (Henan) during the Warring States Period, was a representative of the Taoist school. There are 33 existing Zhuangzi, also known as South China Classics. His masterpiece is Happy Travel.
Qu Yuan (340 ~ 278 BC) was born in Chu State at the end of the Warring States Period, with a regular name. He is a descendant of the King of Chu, and initiated a new era from collective singing to individual independent writing. He is the founder of China's positive romantic poetry, the first great patriotic poet in China, and one of the four cultural celebrities in the world (as well as Polish Copernicus, British Shakespeare and Italian Dante). He wrote Li Sao, China's first long poem, in the form of Chu Ci. There are nine songs, nine chapters, nine essays and so on. Shejiang is one of the nine chapters. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the anniversary of his drowning in the Miluo River.
Xunzi (former 3 13 ~ 238) was called Qing, and harmony was taboo in Han dynasty, so it was renamed as Qing. During the Warring States Period, Zhao (Hebei) was a thinker, educator and representative of Confucianism. However, he absorbed the strengths of various schools of thought in the system and was a master of pre-Qin materialism. He put forward the theory of evil nature in view of Mencius' theory of good nature, and the simple materialism of "Heaven has its own laws" and the thought of "Man uses life to control it" in view of Confucianism's theory of destiny. He is the author of Thirty-two Articles of Xunzi, and his representative works include Persuasion and Theory of Heaven.
Han Fei (280 ~ 233 BC) was a Korean, a disciple of Xun Kuang, and a representative of Legalism at the end of the Warring States Period. Politically, he put forward all kinds of policies of clear rewards and punishments, emphasizing agriculture and restraining war, advocating centralized monarchy and opposing aristocratic manipulation of politics. There are 55 works by Han Feizi, including Wu Zhu, Naoko Doubting Neighborhood and Bian Que Seeing Cai Huangong.
Liezi was named Yu Kou, a native of Zheng (Henan) during the Warring States Period. He was respected as a senior by Taoism and advocated "emptiness", that is, emptiness and inaction. He is the author of Eight Liezi.
Han dynasty writers
Jia Yi (200 ~ 168 BC) was also known as Jia Sheng, or Jia Changsha and Jia Taifu, a native of Luoyang (Henan), a political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. The main literary achievements are political essays, including ten volumes, seven sparse articles and fifty-eight new books; Representative works include Qu Yuan's Diao Fu and Bird Catch Fu. Jia Changsha Collection was compiled in Ming Dynasty, which was named for Changsha Taifu.
Liu An (179 ~ 123) was born in (Jiangsu), a thinker and writer of the western Han dynasty, the grandson of emperor gaozu, and was named king of Huainan with his father. Between "inviting thousands of people to practice witchcraft (formerly known as medicine, divination, astrology and other techniques)", he collectively compiled Huainan Lie Hong, also known as Huainan Zi.