Image: In fact, it is a state of the poet. This is a manifestation of the scene or the thing. The poet's high understanding of things is expressed in the image. For example: Raise a cup to invite the bright moon, and form three people facing each other. The moon does not know how to drink, and the shadow only follows me. I will accompany the moon for a while, and I will have fun until spring. Li Bai's poem actually talks about himself drinking alone against the moon, and it shows a vivid picture, which shows the poet's deep attainment in the artistic conception.
There are more than fifty kinds of images commonly used in ancient Chinese poetry, such as:
1. The crystal of ice and snow is used as a metaphor for the loyalty of the heart and the nobility of character.
For example: "Relatives and friends in Luoyang are like asking each other, and a heart of ice is in a jade pot." ("Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower" by Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty)
2. Looking at the moon and missing relatives - triggering separation sorrow Farewell, homesickness. "Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think of your hometown." ("Quiet Night Thoughts" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty)
"The east wind blew again in the small building last night, and the motherland cannot bear to look back at the bright moon." ("Yu Meiren" by Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty)
3. To express farewell by breaking willows.
"Where can I wake up tonight? On the bank of willows, the dawn wind is waning and the moon is waning" - Liu Yong's "Yulin Bell" "The moon in Qinlou, the willow color every year, Ba Ling is sad to say goodbye." (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "Reminiscences" "Qin E")
4. "Cicada" is used as a metaphor for noble conduct.
Luo Binwang's "Cicada in Prison": "It's hard to fly in due to the heavy dew, and it's easy to sink when the wind is loud. No one believes in nobleness. Who can show your heart." Far away, not just by the autumn wind." They all use cicada to refer to noble character.
5. Use the lush vegetation to contrast the desolation to express the emotion of prosperity and decline. "Ten miles past the spring breeze, all the shepherd's purses and wheat are green." (Song Jiangkui's "Yangzhou Slow") "The green grass in front of the steps is full of spring color, and the oriole's voice is high in the sky through the leaves." (Tang Dufu's "Sichuan Prime Minister") "The wild grass and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, The sunset is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley" ("Woyi Alley" by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty)
6. Chrysanthemum - the character of loyalty and purity
"Chrysanthemum" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn Cong. The fence around the house is like Tao's house, and it is not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but there will be no flowers when they bloom."
It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character.
Poems such as "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blow it down among the flowers" ("Cold Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Sixiao of the Song Dynasty) all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality
The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
7. Plum blossoms - proud of frost and snow, not afraid of setbacks, pure and white, one of the three friends of Suihan.
Plum Blossoms by Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty: "One flower suddenly changes first, and hundreds of flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic of plum blossoms being the first to bloom, and wrote about not being afraid of blows and setbacks
The qualities of being brave and daring to be the first in the world are not only praising Mei, but also praising oneself.
Plum Blossoms by Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty: "You know it is not snow from a distance, because there is a faint fragrance." The poem not only describes the plum blossoms that spread far due to the wind, but also implicitly expresses the plum blossoms
< p>The purity and whiteness of the flowers achieve an artistic effect of both fragrance and color.8. Pine - steadfast and noble
Li Bai's "Giving a Book to the Emperor Huang Shang": "I hope you will learn from the pine tree, and be careful not to be a peach or plum." Wei Huangshang has always flattered the powerful. Li Bai wrote poems to persuade him, hoping that he would become an upright person.
9. Lotus - Because the lotus emerges from the silt but remains unstained, the poet uses the lotus to symbolize the moral integrity of those who do not follow the trend. And because "Lotus" and "Lian" have the same sound, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poems to express love. For example, "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus flowers are collected in Nantang, and the lotus flowers are more than people's heads; I lower my head to get lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as green as water."
10. Wutong - a symbol of desolation and sadness, similar to banana trees . For example, "With every leaf, there is a sound, and the empty steps are dripping into the morning" (Tang Dynasty Wen Tingyun's "Geng Liuzi") "The sycamore tree is also drizzling, and at dusk, it is dripping drop by drop" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound") and so on.
11 Cuckoo bird (Zigui) - a symbol of desolation and sorrow
Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao had this message": "When the poplar flowers have fallen, Zigui cries, and I hear the dragon." Marked the five streams. I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind to the west of the night. "Zigui bird is the cuckoo bird." The sentence begins with the scene in front of your eyes, embodying the sadness of parting in the desolate and desolate natural scenery. "The Road to Shu is Difficult": "I also heard that the son returned and cried at the night moon, and I was worried about the empty mountain." The three or four sentences use the rich imagination of the bright moon to express the infinite miss and deep sympathy for the friend.
12 Partridges - Moods of Parting
The chirping of partridges makes people sound like "brother who can't do it", and it can easily evoke the association of a difficult and dangerous journey and full of happiness. Parting sorrow.
"The evening of Jiangxi is full of sorrow, and I hear partridges deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man·Book on the Ostomy Wall of Jiangxi") and so on.
13 Hongyan - the homesickness of wanderers and the sadness of traveling abroad
For example, Xue Daoheng from the Sui Dynasty wrote in "People Think of Returning Every Day": "When people return home and fall behind the wild geese, their thoughts are in front of the flowers. "Long before the flowers bloomed, I had the idea of ????going home; but by the time the geese returned north, people had not yet returned home.
Swan geese are also used to refer to letters. For example, "When will the swan geese arrive, the river will be full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "Li Bai is pregnant at the end of the day"), Li Qingzhao's poem "When the wild geese return, the moon will be full on the west tower" and so on.
14. Water: Because of the softness of water and its constant cutting characteristics, it is similar to people's melancholy emotions. Poets often use water to describe sorrow.
Li Yu's poem goes: "Asking you how much sorrow you can have is just like a river of spring water flowing eastward." "It is natural that life grows and hates water flowing eastward." Use the water flowing eastward to describe cotton
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Continuous thoughts.
Qin Guan's "Treading on the Shasha": "The sorrow of separation gradually becomes infinite, and the distance is endless like spring water." "The spring river is full of tears, endless flow, and many sorrows." Yiliu
The relationship between water and separation is also a commonly used expression method in classical poetry.
And because the river flows eastward, it reflects the passage of time, the brevity of life, and the unstoppable trend of historical development. For example, Li Bai's "About to Enter the Wine":
"If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River will come up from the sky, and it will never return.
15. The cry of the ape: often symbolizes sadness and sadness. .
"Ascend the High" by Du Fu "The wind is blowing high in the sky, and the apes are screaming in mourning, and the white birds are flying back from the clear sand in Zhu". The poet's song goes: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and weep on my clothes." "
16. Qiang flute: an instrument from the ancient west. It produces a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier fortress poems of the Tang Dynasty.
For example, Wang Zhihuan's " "Liangzhou Song": "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. " Cen Shen's "Baixuege Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital": "The Chinese army set up a banquet for the returning guests, playing harps, lutes, and flutes. "Li Yi's "Listening to the Flute in Shoujiang City at Night": "I don't know where I am playing the reed pipe, and I am marching all night to visit my hometown. "
Fan Zhongyan's "Proud of the Fisherman": "A glass of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, and the swallows have no plan to return before they are reined in, and the Qiang pipes are covered with frost all over the ground. "The mournful sound produced by the Qiang flute often makes Zhengfu cry. The functions of Hujia and reed pipes are the same and will not be listed again.
17. Changting: On land The place to say goodbye.
Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man": "Where is the return journey? The long pavilion is shorter than the pavilion. "
Liu Yong's "Rain Lin Ling": "The chilling cicadas are sad, facing the pavilion at night. "Li Shutong's "Farewell": "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky. "Obviously, in classical Chinese poetry, the pavilion has become a place of farewell on land.
In poetry, the use of scenery to express emotions often has a certain fixed nature, such as: "Hometown Bright Moon" is used to express emotions. "Homesickness"; use "pine wind, mountain moon" to convey "reclusive feelings"; use "cold forest and waning moon" to convey "poet's sorrow"; use "Mid-Autumn Full Moon" to convey "love-sickness and pain"; use "wind and rain to fall flowers, double love" "Yan Gu Fei, Jade Pillow in the Chongge Pavilion" conveys "boudoir resentment"; "Long pavilion breaks willows" conveys "feelings of farewell"; "Rivers and lakes boat, moon sets and crows crow" conveys "poet's pain of traveling"; "Dream" conveys After sobering up, smoke from willows breaks the heart, cold rain sets in the sun, candles sing and the cuckoo sings" to convey the "sadness and joy"; "the past glory is now different, the sunset is red several times" conveys "the sigh of the vicissitudes of the world"; "the empty city falls with flowers" conveys "Lamentation for the decline of the country, a burst of patriotism" and so on.