1. Appreciation of Shiwei
Appreciation of Shiwei Urgent Appreciation
Translation and Annotation of "The Book of Songs·Beifeng·Shiwei"
Explanation of the question: 佶 The husband resents the endless labor.
Original text translation annotation
Debated, declined 1!
Hu Bugui?
The Reason for Weijun 2,
Hu Weihu is exposed 3!
Weakness, decline!
Hu Bugui?
Wei Jun Zhi Gong 4,
Hu is in the mud!
Translation
It’s dark, it’s dark,
Why don’t you go home?
If it were not for the monarch,
Why is it still in the dew!
It’s dark, it’s dark,
Why don’t you go home?
If not for the monarch,
Why are you still in the mud!
Notes
1. Formula: composition particle. Micro: (sunlight) fades, dusk or dark.
2. Micro: non. Wei Jun: If it weren’t for the monarch.
3. Zhonglu: Luzhong. The inverted text is in coordinating rhyme.
4. Bow: body.
Appreciation
Regarding the theme of this poem, "Mao's Preface to Poems" says that Li Hou was expelled by Di and fled to Wei, and his officials made this to persuade him to return to the country. Liu Xiang's "Biography of Women: Zhenshun Chapter" says that the daughter of Marquis Wei married Duke Zhuang of Li State, but he was not accepted by him. Some people persuaded her to return, but she "resolutely remained chaste and did not violate women's ethics to wait for the king's orders." And wrote this poem to express his ambition. Both theories are far-fetched, because there is a lack of historical evidence whether they actually refer to the Marquis of Li or the woman of Li Zhuang. Yu Guanying believes that "this is the complaint of people who are suffering from labor" ("Selected Book of Songs"), which is the most accurate purpose of the poem.
The two chapters of the poem all start with the tune of "the decline, the decline, Hu will not return". It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? The poet then explained the reason: "Because of Weijun, Hu is exposed in the middle"; "Because of Weijun's bow, Hu is in the mud". This means that for the sake of the monarch and to feed their noble bodies, they have to work day and night in dew and mud all year round. In just two chapters and a few sentences, the inhuman condition of the enslaved people and their full resentment towards the rulers left a very deep impression on the readers.
Artistically, this poem has two characteristics. One is to use questions to strengthen the language effect. Judging from the whole poem, "the decline, the decline, the Hu will not return" is not a question out of doubt, but a deliberate omission that has already been made in mind. B style='color:black;background-color:#99ff99'>;'s oppression, working in the field day and night, having a home and being unable to return, it was miserable. It is natural to pour out the grievances and grievances in your heart, but if it is stated directly, it is easy to exhaust it. The use of this form of questioning, which is undoubtedly doubtful, makes the poem appear subtle and emotional, and at the same time attracts attention and inspires people. Thinking about it, the so-called not complaining but complaining deeply is true. The second is to use rhymes to heighten the emotional atmosphere. There are ten lines in the second chapter of the poem. Not only the sentences are in rhyme, but also the rhymes are changed in each chapter. Therefore, the whole poem is compact, the rhythm is short, and the mood is urgent. It fully expresses the painful mood of the laborers and their increasing abandonment of tyranny. determination. From this analysis on the rhymes used in the poem, the first chapter uses Wei rhyme and Yu rhyme, and the second chapter uses Wei rhyme and penetrating rhyme. These rhymes are more suitable for expressing the emotion of grief and sorrow. The poet's casual use of rhyme fully emphasizes the emotional tone of the poem through the rhyme. Therefore, Fang Yurun commented on this poem: "The language is shallow and the meaning is profound, and the infinite meaning hidden in it is not allowed to be read by the unwary." "Original Book of Songs")
Because "Mao Shi" interprets this poem as a persuasion Return, those who studied "Shi" in the past generations mainly focused on Mao's theory, so the word "Shi Wei" gradually evolved into the image of "Return to Hermitage" in Chinese classical poetry. For example, Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty "I am so envious of leisure and leisure, and regretfully chant Shi Wei" ( "Weichuan Tianjia"); Meng Haoran "Because you have gone to your hometown, you sent me a poem to sing a little song from afar" ("Everyone sent Doctor Xin to his Hubei"); Guan Xiu "The east wind comes and the song fades, Taoist Shenyun calls you back" ("Bie Du" General") and so on, this also shows the influence of this poem on later generations.
The content of "The Book of Songs. Shi Wei", the original text
Shi Wei, Shi Wei! Hu Bugui? Because of the Weijun, Hu is in the middle of the earth! The emperor is in decline, the emperor is in decline! The Weijun is in the mud, and the people are suffering and resentful.
Style: Wei: Dusk.
Zhonglu: Luzhong.
Bow: body.
This may be the shortest poem in the Book of Songs. However, such a simple poem has been interpreted by thousands of people for thousands of years.
The preface to Mao's poem says, "In "Shi Wei", the Marquis of Li lived in Wei, and his ministers persuaded him to return." Modern people say that this is the complaint of people serving in labor.
If we adopt the former statement, then the poetic meaning is: The form is getting worse and worse, and it is getting worse and worse! Why not go back? If it weren't for you, how could I be in the dew with you? The situation is getting worse and worse, getting worse and worse! Why not go back? If it weren't for you, how could I be trapped in the mud with you? According to the historical background mentioned in the preface of Mao's poem, this poem is an advice to Li Hou from his ministers. Li Hou was expelled by the Di people, abandoned his country and stayed in Wei.
Weiguo gave him two cities for them to settle down. Later, Li Hou was able to return to his country, but he didn't want to go back. During the Three Kingdoms period in later generations, Adou's unwillingness to think about Shu can probably be traced back to this.
Judging from the eager exhortations of his ministers, the form is indeed very troublesome. It seems that the people in the country are quite complaining about Li Hou's lack of care about Li. Of course, ministers must do their best. It is the duty of admonishment, so I wrote this poem to persuade. If the latter statement is adopted, the poetic meaning becomes: It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it weren't for the boss, how could I have braved the wind and dew here? It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it weren’t for my boss’s health, how could I be stuck in the mud? Comparing the two, who is right and who is wrong? Who is better and who is worse? Clear as day.
If we interpret this poem according to the class consciousness and the so-called revolutionary spirit of people’s nature that are full of modern people’s minds, the only thing that can be expressed is that the workers who are being exploited and oppressed are complaining. As for the entire poetic meaning, none. Such a "folk song" is worse than a limerick.
Indeed, there is no way to interpret poetry, and there is no way to interpret poetry. However, poetry has no meaning? Originally there was no explanation.
Yi Wudazhan? Originally there was no occupation. The so-called "poetry has no explanation" is simply the strong words of later interpreters of poetry.
Articles are written according to the time, and songs and poems are written according to the events. The poets have their own original intention and motive. How could it be possible to allow later generations of interpreters to make random interpretations? Writing poetry is a career, but interpreting poetry is just one more career.
Career and profession are similar in appearance but different in emotion. They often go in opposite directions. The modern female poet Shu Ting has a famous poem "To the Oak Tree".
If I love you - I will never imitate the climbing flower in the sky, and use your high branches to show off myself; if I love you - I will never imitate the infatuated bird, repeating monotonous songs for the green shade; also It's not just like a spring that brings cool comfort all year round; it's not just like a dangerous peak that increases your height and sets off your majesty. Even sunlight, even spring rain. No, these are not enough. I must be a kapok tree near you, standing with you as the image of a tree.
The roots are held together in the ground; the leaves are touching in the clouds. Every time the wind blows, we greet each other, but no one understands our words. You have your copper branches and iron trunks, like knives, swords and halberds; I have my red flowers, like a heavy sigh, and like a heavy sigh. The heroic torch, we share the cold waves, wind, thunder and thunder; we enjoy the mist, mist, mist, mist, mist and rainbow; it seems that we are separated forever, but we are dependent on each other for life. This is the great love, the steadfastness is here. Love not only loves your majestic body, but also loves you. The position you insist on, the ground you step on.
This is a popular love poem among the Misty Poetry School. However, according to her own account, she originally wrote this poem in the audience when she was at a meeting and listened to an old gentleman on the stage making a discriminatory speech about women. It is an expression of dissatisfaction with this phenomenon of male chauvinism.
However, once the poem spread, it blossomed into other branches and became a popular love poem. The female poet had no choice but to smile.
Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. If any of us moderns write such a poem complaining about "boss", will our "boss" sing such a poem at a staff art party? Just as poetry interpreters have always used the word "far-fetched" when refuting the prefaces of Mao's poems, so I might as well give them two words here: "absurd"! "People's nature" is not equal to folk songs. A correct understanding of "people's nature" is the attitude towards understanding the essence of "The Book of Songs".
Although "people's nature" exists in the people's thoughts, words and deeds, and the thoughts and behaviors of slaves and civilians are certainly people's nature, however, there are always some advanced thinkers in an era, and there are some A group of advanced intellectual groups are leading the people in creating advanced culture. Don’t the ideas represented by these intellectuals or thinkers have the character of the people? Looking at people's character narrowly based on their origin, composition, and status will only lead to countless jokes.