With high value, Tang Wenzong was a scholar in the third year (AD 838). He used to be a judge in Hongnongwei, Sasaki Prefecture and Dongchuan Province. In his early days, Li Shangyin won the appreciation of Ling Huchu, an important member of the Niu Party, for his literary talent. Later, Wang Maoyuan of the Li Party married his daughter because of his love, so he was rejected by the Niu Party. Since then, Li Shangyin struggled for survival in the struggle between the two parties, worked as an aide in various provinces, and was depressed, and then he was down and out all his life. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry was not as good as before, but Li Shangyin pushed it to another peak. He is the most famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, along with Du Mu. They are also called "Little Du Li", and they are also called "Three Li" with Li He and Li Bai. There are poems by Li Yishan. Together with the text, it is called "arts and sciences" because the poetry and prose are similar to the paragraphs of the same period.
Wen's style is similar, and all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, so they are also called "thirty-six styles". His poems are novel in conception and rich in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it's too obscure.
It is difficult to solve the problem of separation. There is a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. Finally, he died of depression and was buried in his hometown of Qinyang (now Qinyang and Bo)
Aixian junction). According to New Tang Book, there are 20 volumes of Fan Nanjia Collection, 20 volumes of Fan Nanyi Collection, 3 volumes of Western Henan, Fu 1 volume, Wen 1 volume, and some works have been lost.
The social status of the family
Li Shangyin once claimed to belong to the same clan as the royal family in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Caitian's textual research confirmed that he was a distant imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. But there is no official document to prove this, so it can be considered that this blood relationship between Li Shangyin and the royal family in the Tang Dynasty is quite distant. Li Shangyin affirmed his imperial clan status several times in his poems, but this did not bring him any practical benefits.
Li Shangyin's family can be traced back to his great-grandfather Li She. The highest administrative post that Li She once held was Meiyuan county magistrate; Great-great-grandfather Li Shuheng (uncle) is an Anyang county commandant. Grandfather Li Biao, a former Xingzhou document, joined the army; His father, Reese, was once an imperial adviser in the temple. When Li Shangyin was born, Li Siren was ordered by Jia County. (now Huojia County, Henan Province)
Birth and death year test
Shang Yin was born in Feng Hao's eighth year (8 13) and Zhang Caitian's seventh year (8 12). This is what scholars usually use today. Most scholars agree with Feng Hao's theory, the most important of which is Essays.
Cui Huazhou's book says: "Your Excellency Zhong Cheng: Twenty-five years for the rest of my life." Feng Hao's inscription said: "In December of the first year of Kaicheng, China calligrapher Cui Guicong was appointed as an envoy in Huazhou, which was also a constitutional title in the imperial history. Naturally, it is yours."
Weigh. "The book records that in the early spring of the second year of Kaicheng (837), the poet was twenty-five years old. Based on this, Shang Yin was born in Yuanhe eight years. As for the year of death, it is especially necessary to distinguish the whereabouts and creation of poets in their later years.
Early life
Around 10, Li Shangyin's father died in the shogunate of Zhejiang, and he returned to his hometown in Henan with his mother and younger siblings, living in poverty and relying on relatives for help. At home, Li Shangyin is the eldest son, so he also bears the responsibility of supporting the portal. Later, he mentioned in his article that he was a "bookseller" when he was young, that is, copying books for others to earn money to supplement his family.
Li Shangyin's poor life in his early years had a great influence on the formation of his character and thoughts. On the one hand, he is eager to be an official as soon as possible to honor his ancestors. As a matter of fact, he did try to shoulder the responsibilities of the family. As an adult, Li Shangyin made a profit.
With the mourning time for the mother, the coffins of relatives buried in various places were moved to Xingyang. Chen Yiyun believes that this is not only dominated by the patriarchal ideology, but also because he was lonely and poor since childhood, so he paid more attention to the love of flesh and blood. the other/opposite side
Facing this situation, his early experience made him develop a melancholy, sensitive and noble character, which was not only revealed in his poems, but also reflected in his tortuous career.
Li Shangyin's enlightenment education may come from his father, and the teacher who had the greatest influence on him was an uncle of the same clan he met after returning home. The uncle went to imperial academy, but he never became an official and lived in seclusion. According to Li Shangyin's memory, this uncle was very accomplished in Confucian classics, primary school, ancient prose and calligraphy, and was highly valued by Li Shangyin. Influenced by him, Li Shangyin "can write ancient prose, but he doesn't like accidentally". At about the age of 16, he wrote two excellent articles (the theory of genius and the theory of holiness, which no longer exist), and won the appreciation of some scholars. Among these scholars, Tian Pingjun was the envoy of Linghu Chu.
Linghu Chu is another important figure in Li Shangyin's study career. He is an expert in parallel prose and appreciates Li Shangyin's talent very much. Not only teach him the writing skills of parallel prose, but also subsidize his family life.
Encourage him to make friends with his children. With the help of Ling Huchu, Li Shangyin's parallel prose writing has made rapid progress, from which he gained great confidence, hoping to develop his career with this ability. During this period (Yamato
Four years, AD 830), Li Shangyin's gratitude and self-satisfaction to Ling Huchu was beyond words: "I never gave a drop of my mind to Long Tao. I don't envy Wang because I delivered the book in the middle of the night.
Sabre. "
fastrack
In the Tang Dynasty, intellectuals who lacked family background all wanted to develop in their official career. There are two main entrances: imperial examination and shogunate. The former is regarded as progress.
The qualification to enter the officialdom is the official recognition of its administrative ability; The latter is a political team cultivated by some powerful bureaucrats themselves. If they perform well, they can often become official officials of the court through the recommendation of these bureaucrats.
In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, many officials not only had the qualification to take the imperial examination, but also had the experience of being aides.
In the second year of Wenzong (837), Li Shangyin passed the qualification of Jinshi. Before that, he had failed.
Many times. It is difficult to verify the year when Li Shangyin first applied for the World Heritage. Some people think that even before 10, that is, in the second year of Emperor Wenzong Taihe (828), Li Shangyin began his long and arduous road of applying for the World Heritage. Most people lack power.
Like potential background candidates, Li Shangyin doesn't expect to succeed in one fell swoop. There is no mention of this situation in his poems handed down at present, which shows that he is not very concerned about the failure of the first test. However, as the number of failures increases.
More and more, he gradually began to be dissatisfied. In the poem "Seeing Weng Dongchuan off to the curtain of Hongnong Shangshu", he compared the examiner who didn't accept him (the seventh year of Taihe) to a villain who hindered his success: "The birds don't cherish each other."
The failure of English drama will not make Li Shangyin reflect on his lack of knowledge. As early as four years in Taihe, Ling Hu Mao, who had studied with him, was admitted to Jinshi. This is obviously not because Hu Ling Mao's knowledge and talent are better than Li Shangyin's, but because.
The influence of father ling huchu. Powerful people helped each other and recruited a large number of candidates from the upper-level network, which was a common phenomenon in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. Many candidates who lack backers will deliberately make friends before the exam.
Department, or come up with various ways to attract the attention of examiners and celebrities. According to Li Shangyin's account, he is relatively low-key in this respect (with Tao Jinshi), but it is unlikely that he has never placed hope on Ling Huchu.
It can be seen from Li Shangyin's letter to Hu Ling Mao in the first year of Kaesong that his mood has been quite excited. This is Hu Ling and his son, who spent the second year of his career.
The result of exerting influence on the examiner on duty.
Step into official career
At the end of the year (837, the second year of Li Shangyin's senior high school entrance examination), Ling Huchu died of illness. Under the care of ling huchu
Shortly after the funeral, Li Shangyin went to Jingzhou (now the north of Jingxian County, Gansu Province) to be the king's attendant at the invitation of Wang Maoyuan, our ambassador to Jingyuan. Wang Maoyuan admired Li Shangyin's talent so much that he even married his daughter. Since Li Shangyin
From his experience, it can be seen that this marriage dragged him into the political whirlpool of the struggle between Niu and Li.
Li Shangyin's embarrassing situation lies in: Wang Mao made friends with Li Deyu.
Well, he is a member of the Li Party. Linghu Chu and his son belong to the "Niu Party". Therefore, his behavior can easily be interpreted as betraying his teacher and benefactor who just died. Li Shangyin soon paid the price for it.
In the Tang dynasty, the qualification of Jinshi was generally not immediately awarded to the official position, and it was necessary to pass the examination held by the official department. In the spring of the third year of Kaicheng (838), Li Shangyin took the official-granting exam and was exempted from the exam. this matter
The most direct influence on Li Shangyin is to delay his official position in the imperial court for one year. However, he did not regret marrying Wang Yanyan, the daughter of Wang Maoyuan. They have a good relationship after marriage. In the eyes of Li Shangyin, Wang
Is a beautiful, gentle and considerate wife.
In the fourth year (839), Li Shangyin took the official-granting exam again, passed it successfully, and got the position of secretary-provincial proofreader. This is a low-level official position, but there are
Some development opportunities. Not long after, he was transferred to the county commandant of Hongnong (now Lingbao, Henan Province). Although the rank of county commandant is similar to that of school bookkeeper, staying away from the power center will obviously affect the future development. Li Shangyin is in Hongnong.
During his term of office, it was not smooth. He was criticized by his boss, Guo Shan, because he commuted the death sentence ("living prison"), and he asked Sun Jian to abide by this rule. Sun Jian probably treated Li Shangyin with some kind of unkind attitude, which made him feel humiliated and unbearable.
After accepting it, he finally resigned by taking a long vacation ("Ren Hongnong and Wei went back to Beijing on leave"). Coincidentally, Sun Jian has just been transferred to other places, and Yao He, who took over, managed to ease the tension. With his encouragement, Li Shangyin managed to stay. But he was obviously not in the mood to continue working at the moment. Soon (five years later, in 839), he resigned again and was approved.
idle period
After Li Shangyin resigned from Hongnong County, after a period of adjustment, he finally returned to the secretary province in the second year of Wuzong Huichang (842). This time, his position ("orthography") is better than that of three years ago ("primary school students").
Still low. Even so, Li Shangyin has a new starting point for development. In the Tang Dynasty, it was generally believed that Beijing Office would have more promotion opportunities than overseas officials, and Li Shangyin had more secretary provinces.
Easy to get high-level attention. Another piece of good news for Li Shangyin is that Li Deyu, the prime minister, has won the full trust of Wu Zong, and this capable politician is almost granted full authority to handle state affairs. Li Shangyin actively supports Li Deyu's
Political opinions, he is full of ambition, and he has reason to expect the opportunity to be reused.
However, fate seems to have played a big joke on him: Li Shangyin rejoined the secretary less than a year ago, and his mother died. Tabby
You must follow the usual practice and leave home for three years. This means that Li Shangyin, who is 30 years old, has to give up his best chance to become a power class. The accident dealt a fatal blow to Li Shangyin's political career. He lived at home for three years.
That year (from the end of the second year of Huichang to the end of the fourth year of Huichang) was the most glorious period of Li Deyu's administration. Miss this period, with the death of Wu Zong soon, Li Deyu political group suddenly lost power and influence, Li Shangyin has been hard to find in politics.
Close friends. In the third year of Huichang (843), Wang Maoyuan, Li Shangyin's father-in-law, died while fighting against the rebellion in the buffer region on behalf of the imperial court. Wang Maoyuan did not use his influence to help Li Shangyin get promoted, but his death undoubtedly made Li Shang successful.
The hidden situation is more difficult.
In his idle years, Li Shangyin handled some family affairs, the most important of which was to move the graves of some relatives to the family cemetery in his hometown. This dimension
His efforts to protect the family honor have somewhat satisfied him psychologically. It can be seen from some existing poems that Li Shangyin tried his best to adjust his mentality and downplay his interest and expectation in political career. He sometimes engaged in agriculture, claiming that
I "long for a peasant's ambition to look forward to my old age" and write pastoral poems in imitation of Tao Yuanming's style. But the chaotic situation has always attracted Li Shangyin's attention. He has a very distinct political tendency, which is almost impossible to hide.
Shogunate travel
In October of the fifth year of Huichang (845), Li Shangyin ended his filial piety and returned to the secretary province. At this time, the efficient cooperative relationship between Wu Zong and Prime Minister Li Deyu has reached the later stage. In March of the following year, Wu Zong died. It is said that he was poisoned by taking the elixir of life provided by Taoist priests for a long time. After a series of court struggles, Xuanzong Li Chen ascended the throne. He opposed most of Wu Zong's policies, especially Li Deyu. Therefore, almost the whole six years of Huichang (846) continued a new round of political cleansing, and the once powerful Prime Minister Li Deyu and his supporters were quickly pushed out of the power center. With the support of Xuanzong himself, the new forces of Niudang led by Bai Minzhong gradually occupied an important position in the government.
This year, Li Shangyin was appointed as Masako of the Secretary Province. 35-year-old Li Shangyin finally had a son (Li Gungun), and his cousin Li Xisao also became a scholar in this year. These two good news can only excite him for a while. Due to the branch office
Holding Li Deyu's platform, it was regarded as betrayal by Linghu Mao and others before, and it is unlikely to share the victory of the Niudang. Although his status is so low that he can hardly be excluded from the power struggle, you can still imagine his frustration.
Mood. Therefore, when Zheng Ya was invited to work in Guilin by Gui Guan in the first year of Dazhong (847), he hardly hesitated. In the third year of Taihe (829), Li was used by Linghu Chu.
Shang Yin has repeatedly entered the operation organization of local officials as a staff member. In fact, his experience as a staff member is longer than his official service in the court. However, before the first year of Xuanzong Dazhong (847), he seemed to be a
Take this experience as a transition. For Li Shangyin with political ambition, this kind of experience is very important, which is not only the process of his working ability, but also the way to accumulate social relations. However, after all, it is only one day.
After the grand exhibition preparation activities. From the time point of view, almost every previous work experience changes frequently within a few months, and once you have the opportunity to enter the DPRK as an official, you will immediately resign from the post of shogunate. but
This time, when Li Shangyin went to Guilin as Zheng Ya's aide, he probably didn't realize that his career was coming to an end. In the next 10 years, he will gradually exhaust all his political enthusiasm during his travels in the shogunate.
In March of the first year of Dazhong, Li Shangyin bid farewell to his family and set off with Zheng Ya. After a journey of about two months, he came to the south about 5000 miles from Beijing. Zheng Ya's southward migration is part of the Niudang cleaning plan. plum
Shang Yin is willing to take the initiative to follow a disgraced official, which shows that he sympathizes with Li Deyu. On the other hand, it also shows that they no longer have confidence in their promotion. Less than a year in Guilin, Zheng Ya was once again demoted to the state secretariat.
Li Shangyin also lost his job. In the autumn of Dazhong two years, I returned to the capital Chang 'an. It is said that when he was down and out, he wrote to his old friend Hu Ling Mao (who has entered the core of power) asking for help, but he was rejected and the result was only passed.
I passed my own exam and got a small position as a county marshal. Ironically, 10 years ago, he happened to be a considerable position (Hongnong County Commandant).
Li Shangyin as withering wei's time is not long, and
Be transferred back to Beijing. At this time, it is very similar to his situation in the secretary province in the first year of Dazhong: humble official position, bleak future, loneliness and expectation of change. In September of the third year of Dazhong, Li Shangyin won our time with Lu Hong and Wuning Army.
Check the invitation to Xuzhou. Lu Hongzhi is a capable official, and he also appreciates Li Shangyin. If the official career goes well, Li Shangyin may have one last chance. Unfortunately, however, Li Shangyin followed Lu Hong.
Just over a year later, the latter died in the spring of the fifth year. In this way, Li Shangyin had to find another way to make a living.
Sunset night scene
Another experience that Li Shangyin experienced during his five years in college.
The second major blow was his wife Wang's death in spring and summer. Judging from Li Shangyin's poems, he has a very good relationship with Wang. This woman from a wealthy family has been taking care of her family and supporting her husband for many years. pass by
Yu Shangyin has traveled abroad for many years, and the husband and wife have been together for a long time. It is conceivable that Li Shangyin has a guilty heart for his wife. The ups and downs of his official career undoubtedly enhanced this sense of guilt. home
The great changes in the imperial court did not give Li Shangyin a long time to experience the pain.
This autumn, Liu Zhongying, who was appointed as our time, sent an invitation to Li Shangyin, hoping that he could go to the southwest border with himself.
Working in Sichuan. Li Shangyin accepted the position of joining the army. After simply arranging things at home, 1 1 month went to work in Sichuan. He lived in Sichuan Zizhou shogunate for four years and was unhappy most of the time. For a time, he
I have a great interest in Buddhism, interacting with local monks, donating money to print Buddhist scriptures, and even thinking about becoming a monk. Ziping's life is the most dull and stable period in Li Shangyin's career, and he has no intention to pursue it any more.
The success of official career.
In 1999, Liu Zhongying was transferred back to Beijing. Out of concern, he arranged a promotion position for Li Shangyin. Although the grade is low, the treatment is rich. Li Shangyin worked in this position for two or three years, and then returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. In the autumn and winter of the thirteenth year of Dazhong, Li Shangyin died of illness in his hometown.
social communication
According to the style of some of Li Shangyin's poems, it is inferred that he is introverted (Yuan XIngpei, editor-in-chief: Chapter IV Xi of China Literature History). This guess is somewhat arbitrary. If we learn from Li Shangyin's other liveliness,
Judging from humorous works, we can draw the opposite conclusion. Existing materials (mainly his own poems and articles) show that Li Shangyin has a wide range of social activities, and he is a sociable and popular person.
The characters in Li Shangyin's social circle are divided into four categories:
People related to career and people's livelihood. Including Ling Huchu, Hu Ling Mao, Cui Rong, Wang Maoyuan, Li Zhifang, Lu Hongzhi, Zheng Ya, Liu Zhongying, Li Hui, Du Yan, Xiao Huan, Yang Yuqing, Yang Sifu, Zhou Yong, Yao He, Sun Jian and others; Give to each other and make friends with poets. Including Du Mu, Wen, Bai Juyi and others; Friends with similar political views or beliefs. Including Liu Geng, Yong Daoshi, Cui Jue, Li Ying and others; A courtesy connection between friends or relatives. Including all stages of Ling and his colleagues.
love
Li Shangyin's portrait and love life have attracted the attention of many researchers, partly because Li Shangyin's poems such as Untitled show a complex and delicate feeling, which is easily regarded as the expression of rich love experience.
There are many speculations about Li Shangyin's love than the actual evidence, but this does not prevent people from relishing it, and even trying to analyze his poems like reading detective novels, hoping to find tangible evidence. The following women are considered to have had emotional entanglements with Li Shangyin:
The name of willow branches appeared in a group of poems (five willow branches) written by Li Shangyin in the first year of Kaicheng (836). He also wrote a long preface for this group of poems, telling the story of Liu Zhi: she is from Luoyang.
The daughter of a wealthy businessman, lively and lovely, cheerful and generous, overheard Li Shangyin's poem (Poems of Yantai) and fell in love with him, so she took the initiative to date him. But Li Shangyin stood me up. He later learned that willow branches are a kind of
Powerful people are taken as concubines. The two never met again. If Li Shangyin hadn't invented it, this fruitless relationship would probably be his first love.
Song Huayang.
Li Shangyin studied Taoism in Yuyang Mountain as a teenager, so some people suspect that he had an affair with a female Taoist during this period. In poems such as "Farewell to Song Huayang Sisters on a Moonlight Night" and "Farewell to Huayang Song Zhenren and Mr. Liu Qingdu",
Li Shangyin mentioned the name of "Song Huayang", so Song Huayang was regarded as Li Shangyin's lover. Another exaggeration is that Li Shangyin once fell in love with Song Huayang. Su De's Yuxi Poems
This story gives full play to the imagination.
Jinse (willow branch). Li Shangyin has a famous poem "Jinse". Liu Ban mentioned in "Zhong Shan Shi Hua" that some people speculated that "Jinse" was the servant of Linghu Chu family. Li Shangyin fell in love with Hu Ling when she was studying at home, but it didn't work out in the end.
Lotus. According to folklore, before he married the king, he had a lover nicknamed "Lotus", and they were very loving. One month before he went to Beijing to take the exam, Lotus suddenly became seriously ill, and Li Shangyin spent his last time with Lotus. This tragedy dealt a great blow to him. In his later poems, he often took lotus as the topic, which was also an attachment to old feelings.
Wang. Wang is Li Shangyin's wife. However, some people infer that Wang is Li Shangyin's remarried wife from Li Shangyin's Book of Sacrificing My Nephew and Little Nephew (Don't Want to Marry, Not Stand Up). If this view holds, Li Shangyin
There should be a first wife, but the information about this is almost blank. Li Shangyin has a very good relationship with Wang. After Wang died, he wrote mourning poems such as "Song" in his room, with sincere feelings and painful meanings. One of the biggest.
The famous one is "Going to East Shu after the funeral, going to visit the snow", which was written by his official on the way to visit Shu: "The sword left the army and had no clothes. Sprinkle three feet of snow and dream back to the old machine. "
There is also speculation that Jinse is also written to commemorate the death of his wife, and the broken string is used to compare his wife's death.
For the study of Li Shangyin's love life, please refer to Su's Love Story Study (1927).
The most famous. This book was reprinted on 1947, and changed its name to Yu Xi's Poem Mystery. Su's research has inherited the achievements of harmony and broadened and enriched the content of this field. For example, passing her exam.
Certificate, most people accepted the love experience of Li Shangyin and female Taoist priest. However, Su's speculation and reasoning were almost unrestrained, which led to several bizarre relationships, including his relationship with a maid-in-waiting.
affect
Shi Zhecun believes that although the social significance of Li Shangyin's poems is not as good as that of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin has the greatest influence on later generations, because there are more people who like Li Shangyin's poems than Li, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. Among the 300 Tang poems edited by Sun Zhu in the Qing Dynasty, 22 poems by Li Shangyin were included, ranking fourth after Du Fu (38 poems), Wang Wei (29 poems) and Li Bai (27 poems). This anthology of Tang poems is a household name in China, from which we can see Li Shangyin's great influence on ordinary people.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Han Wo, Wu Rong, Tang and others began to consciously learn Li Shangyin's poetic style. In the Song Dynasty, more poets studied Li Shangyin. According to Ye Xie, "There were seven unique poets in the Song Dynasty, probably/kloc-0 studied Du Fu in 1967 and/kloc-0 studied Li Shangyin in 1934." (Original Poetry) In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Yi, Qian and other clansmen, Li Shangyin, often sang in harmony with each other, pursuing gorgeous rhetoric and neat antithesis, and published a collection of Kunxi Appreciation, which was called Titi. It was quite influential at that time. In addition, Wang Anshi also spoke highly of Li Shangyin, thinking that some of his poems were "unbearable for Lao Du" (Cai Kuanfu's poems). Wang Anshi's own poetic style is also obviously influenced by Li Shangyin.
Poets in the Ming Dynasty were all influenced by Li Shangyin from The First Seven Sons to Qian and Wu. People who like to write erotic poems in Qing Dynasty specialize in Li Shangyin's untitled poems, such as Wang Yanhong's Doubt Clouds and Rain. Romantic poetry in the novels of Yuanyang Butterfly School in the Republic of China was also influenced by him.
Poetry achievement
Li Shangyin is generally regarded as the most outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is deeply influenced by Li He, and his syntax, composition and structure are influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu.
Influence. Many critics believe that he is second only to Du Fu, Li Bai and Wang Wei among the outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty. As far as the uniqueness of poetic style is concerned, he is not inferior to any poet. But this allusion is relative.
There are many, more obscure. Those who appreciate Li Shangyin's poems and those who criticize him are all aimed at his distinctive personal style. Many poets in later generations imitated Li Shangyin's style, but none of them were recognized. According to Liu and Yu Shucheng,
According to textual research, there are 594 poems handed down by Li Shangyin, of which 38 1 basically determines the writing time, and 2 13 poems cannot be classified into specific years. In addition, there are more than a dozen poems suspected of Li Shangyin.
But the evidence is insufficient.
Judging from the theme of chanting, Li Shangyin's poems can be mainly divided into several categories:
Politics and reciting history. As an intellectual who cares about politics, Li Shangyin wrote a great book.
About 100 poems on this subject have been handed down. Among them, Bai Yun in the Western Suburb, Shi Dong Sui and Two Feelings are more important works. Li Shangyin's Early Politics
Chen's present situation is mentioned in the poem, and his tone is severe, sad and angry, and he has a sense of self-expectation, which can well reflect his mentality at that time. In his poems about political and social contents, Li Shangyin borrowed historical themes to reflect his views on contemporary society.
A feature of quasi-poetry. Fu Hou, two poems of Northern Qi Dynasty, Mao Ling, etc. It is a representative.
Express one's feelings and recite things. Li Shangyin's career was bumpy all his life, and his ambition could not be realized, so he used poetry to dispel his depression and anxiety. Ding An Tie Tower, In Spring, Happy Garden and Du Gongbu in the Middle of Shu are the most popular songs. It is worth noting that many seven-character poems in this kind of works are considered as important successors of Du Fu's poetic style.
Emotional poetry. The works that chant inner feelings, including most untitled poems, are the most distinctive parts of Li Shangyin's poems, and they are also the most concerned parts of later generations. Keywords Jinse, Yantai poetry and Bi Cheng's three poems,
Through the temple of Notre Dame again, etc. , maintaining a style similar to untitled poetry. Five Willow Branches, Sending Friends to the North on a Rainy Night, Mourning for the Past and Going East, Three Passes of Snow, etc. It embodies the artistic conception of another style of Li Shangyin's emotional poems.
Socializing and communicating. In Li Shangyin's correspondence poems, there are several poems addressed to Mao (to fill a vacancy, to give secretary Hu Ling, to see a doctor, to send a bachelor, and to dream).
Master Ling Fox and Hu Ling Scheeren said that last night's moon-watching drama was a gift, which attracted special attention and provided direct evidence to explain his relationship with Ling Fox. Shi Li accepted the strengths of his predecessors, inherited the ups and downs of Du Fu's Seven Laws, and integrated them.
Liang's beautiful poems, such as Li He's ghost poems, form his affectionate, lingering, aesthetic and delicate style. Shi Li is also good at using allusions and appropriate historical analogies to express hidden and unspeakable meanings.
Poetic style
His poems reflect his thoughts, and his basic thoughts on human nature basically belong to Confucianism, but he takes a fancy to practicality and has a certain critical spirit to Confucianism. He believes that it is not necessary to take Confucius as a teacher and "forbearance" as the holy thing. He also has Buddhism and Taoism, advocating "nature" as his ancestor.
Li Shangyin's poems have a distinctive and unique artistic style, beautiful words and profound meanings. Some poems can be interpreted in many ways, while others are obscure. There are about 600 existing poems, especially untitled poems.
The most prominent is his love poems. Li Shangyin is good at writing seven laws and five-character laws, and there are also many excellent works in seven-character poems. Ye Xie, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, commented on Li Shangyin's Seven Wonders in his original poem, which was profound and well-worded, but it was vague for a hundred generations.
No match for it. "
His metrical poems inherit Du Fu's tradition in technique, and some of his works are similar to Du Fu's in style. Similar to Du Fu, Li Shangyin's The Book of Songs is often used, which is deeper and more difficult than Du Fu's.
Yes, and I often read every sentence with allusions. He is unique in the use of allusions, likes to use various symbols and metaphors, and sometimes he doesn't know what the purpose is when he reads complete poems. The meaning of allusions themselves is often not what Li Shangyin wants in his poems.
The meaning of expression. For example, "Chang 'e", some people intuitively think it is a work praising Chang 'e, Ji Yun thinks it is a work mourning, some people think it is a description of a female Taoist priest, or even a poet's self-report, and there are different opinions.
It is also his style of using allusions that forms his unique poetic style. According to Huang Jian's note "Yang Wengong Yuan Tan" in Song Dynasty, every time Li Shangyin writes a poem, he must consult a large number of books first, and the room is scattered all over the place.
Rex sacrifices fish. Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty also said in a joking tone: "Rex Festival was once held in Ao Yun, and it was a piece of brocade." Critics think that he sometimes uses too many allusions and makes obscure mistakes.
It is impossible to understand his poems. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Yu Xi was born with clear pronunciation and beautiful sentences. How dare he compare with others? I am dissatisfied with too many allusions." (Letter to Yang Jiyun in February 1934)
In addition, Li Shangyin's poems are gorgeous and good at describing and expressing subtle feelings.