For Ye Fan.
Year: Southern and Northern Dynasties Author: Lu Kai
The postman who came to meet the north broke the plum blossom and gave it to his friend in the mountains.
Jiangnan has nothing to do, and it's a spring chat.
About the author: Lu Kai (the year of birth and death is unknown) is a native of East Yuxian County, Hebei Province. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was famous for his faithfulness when he was alive. He was appointed as the magistrate of Zhengping and stayed in the county for seven years.
Distinguish and appreciate
In ancient times, there were countless poems for friends. Lu Kai's poems are unique because of their brevity. The whole poem is like a letter to a friend. It is kind and easy-going and very interesting.
At the beginning of the poem, it is pointed out that the poet and his friends are far apart and it is difficult to get together. They can only greet each other by express delivery. This time, the poet sent plum blossoms instead of letters, which shows that they are closely related and have no formal emotional expression. A word "meet", seemingly casual, is actually intentional; The courier thought of a friend, so he sent a plum blossom greeting, which reflected my deep concern for my friend. If the first two sentences of the poem are straightforward and unremarkable, then the last two sentences reveal deep blessings in a faint greeting. Jiangnan not only has nothing, but also the poet's sincere feelings, all of which are condensed on a small plum blossom. This shows how elegant the poet's taste is and how rich his imagination is. "A branch of spring" is a metonymic way, which symbolizes the arrival of spring with a whole generation and also implies the expectation of gathering time. When you think of friends looking at things and people, you will certainly understand the wisdom of poets.
This poem is ingenious, clear and natural, and full of fun. Although the text is simple and savored, the vitality and affection of spring are as immediate as now.
Precautions:
There are more than a thousand poems praising Lingmei in ancient and modern times. The earliest is Lu Kai's "Give Fan Wow" and "Give Plum to the Leader". Jiangnan has nothing, so why give a spring? According to the Records of Nanxiong Prefecture in Zhili, there is a Meigang in the south of Nanxiong City, which is a poem of folding plum leaves to welcome the post. Song Shaoxing county magistrate Li Qi rebuilt this post station. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Dai Xilun wrote a poem "Memories": "A spring can be used as a human favor, giving you a clear face. The beauty is that you don't have to pay the bill, and the fragrant wind collects it. "
Lu Kai was from the Three Kingdoms period. "The story of the Three Kingdoms. "Lu Kaichuan" contains: "Lu Kai, the word respects the wind, and Wu people are also. Samson, the prime minister. Huang Wei, director of Yongxing Zhuji, ruled all traces and worshipped Jianwu as a captain. Although he led the troops to unify the army, he never let go of his books. ..... In Hongwu, in addition to being a satrap, he also made meritorious service and moved Jianwu to be a captain. " The biography of the Three Kingdoms and Sun Quan also records: "In the autumn and July of the fourth year of Chiwu, general Nie You and a captain Lu Kai were sent with 30,000 troops to beg for Pearl Cliff."
This poem was written when Lu Kai led his troops south to conquer Meiling. He boarded the army Meiling despite my busy schedule, just as Ling Mei was in full bloom, and immediately looked back at the north among the plum blossoms, thinking of Fan Wei, a good friend of Gansu, and happened to meet a messenger who went to the north, and there was a scene of giving a plum to a friend. His Confucian demeanor of "commanding troops and guarding books" suddenly appeared in front of readers.
There are only 2 0 words in To Fan Wow, which expresses sincere friendship in simplicity and elegant artistic conception in plain. As a symbol of plum blossom, "a branch of spring" indicates to people that a beautiful spring is coming, and wishes people's beautiful wishes can be realized.
Who's Fan Wei? In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Ye Fan who wrote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, but he was nearly 200 years away from the Three Kingdoms. This is definitely not this Ye Fan, but another Ye Fan in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some people think that it belongs to Liu Song, and Lu Kai is not Lu Kai of the Three Kingdoms and Wu, but another Lu Kai of Liu Song. Whether it is cooked or not remains to be verified.
Lu Kai's poems are only over twenty words, but they contain infinite poetic meaning. When Lu Kai missed Ye Fan, in order to express his noble feelings, he specially brought a plum blossom, which was sent to Ye Fan by the messenger who delivered the book. The so-called leader was replaced by a leader because Fan was in Chang 'an, Shaanxi and Longshan was in Longxian, Shaanxi. It goes without saying that the place where Lu Kai sends flowers is Jiangnan, where plum blossoms are world-famous. Lin Bu, who lives in seclusion in the West Lake, has a poem by Yongmei: "The shadow is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." It is a portrayal of plum blossom charm in Jiangnan. Jiangnan is a country rich in cultural relics, but Lu Kai thinks that other gifts are not enough to express his feelings for Ye Fan. So Jiangnan has nothing of value to give to each other. Only the plum blossom that comes first in spring is the most suitable, so it is a long way to express his thoughts, and the plum blossom also symbolizes their lofty friendship. Probably since Lu Kai gave poems, "a spring" has become synonymous with plum blossom and farewell. It can be seen that the impact is profound. Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties all had similar chanting. Liu Kezhuang wrote: "Light smoke and light snow travel alone, and one plum flower is folded to give one", which is an attack on Lu Kai's artistic conception; Gao Qi wrote: "Infinite spring worries are in one branch", which is to express feelings by applying Lu Kai's poems. Later, even the epigraph of singing folk songs took the title of "One Spring". There is a story in "Old Wulin": "On New Year's Eve, young children play all night, which is called Shounian. Although there are many words for observing the age, it is extremely difficult to choose them. Yang Shouqi's "A Branch of Spring" is the most modern one. " It can be seen that a small poem also has artistic charm passed down from generation to generation. Its artistic beauty lies in its simplicity, naturalness and metaphor. In a specific season and environment, the feelings of cherishing friends are expressed through a plum blossom recognized as noble by the world, and the abstract feelings are integrated with the image of plum blossom. (Ceng Minzhi)
Brief introduction of the author
Lu Kai (? -about 504 years), the word Zhijun, the grandson of Lu Yi, was born in the Northern Wei Dynasty (now Shanjiankou Village, Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou) and was a Xianbei nationality. It's from the Southern and Northern Dynasties. There is a biography of Shu Wei.
Lu Kai was born in a noble family, his grandfather Lu Jiong worshipped the Western generals, and his father and brother were court officials. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he officially worshipped the assistant minister of Huangmen and was closely related to the emperor's attendants. Lu Kai is honest and clean, and has held important positions for decades. Later, he served as the magistrate of Zhengping for seven years and was called a good official.
Lu Kai made friends with Ye Fan, a famous historian and writer in the Southern Dynasties and the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and wrote frequently. At that time, the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties were in a hostile state, but Lu Kai and Ye Fan kept secret correspondence, telling each other their views and feelings about the times. In the second year of Jingming in Northern Wei Dynasty (50 1), Lu Kai put a plum blossom in a letter bag and secretly gave it to his friend Ye Fan in the south of the Yangtze River. Ye Fan opened the letter and saw a plum blossom and a poem:
Fold the plum for each post and send it to the leader.
Jiangnan has nothing, talk about a spring.
Ye Fan was moved by Lu Kai's spirit of innocence, loyalty and patriotism, and looking forward to the early reunification of the motherland, and she burst into tears. After this incident came out, it was well received by scholars from north and south. Later generations took "Yiquan" as a synonym for plum blossom, and it was often used as an allusion to Yongmei and his lovesickness after his separation, and became a epigraph name.
Lu Xian, Lu Kai's brother, worshiped the official code of the Ministry, and was later implicated in the Wang Yuanxi incident in Xianyang, and died unjustly in prison. Lu Kai was furious, not afraid of violence, and cried foul for his brother everywhere. In the first year of Zhengshi (504), the court revenged Lu You and restored his title. Lu Kai was very happy to get what he wanted and hosted a banquet for friends from all over the world. During the dinner, he declared that his wish had come true and he was no longer worried. Soon, Lu Kai died and posthumous title Hui.