Language and content are the important basis for judging the quality of an English paper. However, whether the writing format is standardized is also a measure that cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is of great significance to standardize the format of English papers and make them in line with international academic practices.
It is of great significance to write English papers and promote international academic exchanges. Because the writing norms of English papers vary from subject to subject, this paper aims to summarize the popular humanistic English theories in American education and academic circles and explore the main components of humanistic English papers.
Writing norms for readers' reference and imitation.
First, the title of the English paper.
A long English thesis (such as English graduation thesis) generally needs a title page, and its writing format is as follows: the distance between the first line title and the top of the printing paper is about one-third of the total length of the printing paper, the distance between the first line title and the down line (generally by, middle) is 5cm, and the distance between the third line and the third line is 5 cm.
These four lines are the author's name and date (all in the middle). If the English paper is written by a student for a course, the academic title and name of the teacher (such as dr/Prof. c. prager) and the number or name of the course should be marked between the author's name and date.
(such as English 734 or English novels). When printing, if there is no special requirement, each line should be double-spaced, that is, interlaced printing, with a line spacing of about 0.6cm (the line spacing of other parts of the paper is the same).
As far as students are concerned, if English papers are short, they can also type the contents of the title page in the upper left of the first page of the text instead of making the title page (and outline page). The first line is the author's name, about 2.5cm from the top of the printing paper, and the following lines are the academic titles of teachers in turn.
And last name, course number (or name) and date; The left side of each row is aligned up and down, leaving a margin of about 2.5cm (the same below). Then there is the title and text of the paper (between the date and the title, between the title and the first line of the text, you only need to print alternately, and you don't need to leave more.
Blank).
Second, the English paper outline
The English paper outline page includes the topic sentence and the outline itself, and its standard format is as follows: type the word "paper" and a colon at the beginning of the first line (the distance from the top of the printing paper is still about 2.5cm), then type the topic sentence after leaving a space, and the left side of the line must be the same as the topic sentence when returning.
The first letter is aligned up and down. The main outline is marked with capital Roman numerals, and the secondary outline is marked with capital English letters, Arabic numerals and lowercase English letters in turn. There is a dot after every number or letter. Please enter the first letter of the content after the space.
; The top, bottom and left sides of the same level of contour must be aligned. It should be noted that there must be more than two equally important programs, that is, I should have II, A should have B, and so on. If the outline of an English paper is very long, it needs two pages, and the second page must be in the upper right corner.
Mark the page number with lowercase Roman numerals, that is, ii (the first page is not numbered).
Third, the text of English papers
For English papers with title page and outline page, the standard format of the first page of the text is: the title of the paper is centered, about 5cm from the top of the printing paper and about 1.5cm from the first line of the text. The first letter of a paragraph must be indented by five spaces, that is, starting from the sixth space. The first page of the text does not need to be marked.
Code (but to calculate the number of pages), starting from the second page, the last name of the author of the paper must be marked in the upper right corner of each page (that is, the first line is empty, and the page number is marked with Arabic numerals after a blank space; Arabic numeral (or its last digit) should be the last space in the line.
. Pay attention to the printing format of punctuation marks when printing the text, that is, leave two spaces after the end of the sentence (period, question mark and exclamation point) and one space after other punctuation marks.
Four. Quotations in English papers
It is an important link in writing English papers to quote the original works or the opinions of experts and scholars correctly. We should not only pay attention to the organic unity of citation and paper, that is, its logic, but also pay attention to the standardization of citation format (that is, English paper references). Quote other people's views
Points can be referenced directly or indirectly. In any case, the author of the paper must indicate the author and source of the quoted text. At present, the common practice in American academic circles is to indicate the author and source of the quotation in brackets after the quotation. Now look at the quotation in the article.
In different situations, some standard formats are described as follows.
1. If the citation is less than three lines, the citation can be organically integrated into the paper. For example:
The separation of Arnold's personal desires from his legacy led to "a familiar picture of Victorian people living alone in a strange universe" (Roper 9).
Here, the Roper in brackets is the last name of the author of the citation (full name is not required); Arabic numerals are the page numbers of quotations (don't write P.9); There should be a space between the author's surname and the page number, but punctuation is not needed; The period should be placed after the second parenthesis.
2. If the quoted text is more than three lines, the quotation should be separated from the main body of the paper.
Need attention. First, the first letter on the left of an English paper has ten spaces, and the spacing is different, that is, it should be typed from the eleventh box; Second, quotation does not need quotation marks, and the ending period should be marked after the last word.
3. If you need to insert notes in the quotation and explain some words, use square brackets (not parentheses).
It is worth noting that in this case, the surname of the author of the quotation has already appeared in the leading sentence, so it is only necessary to indicate the page number of the quotation in brackets.
4. If there are words irrelevant to the paper that need to be deleted from the text to be quoted, you need to use ellipsis. If the ellipsis appears in quotation marks, use three dots, if it appears at the end of quotation marks, use four dots, and the last dot indicates a period, and put it after the second bracket (generally speaking,
Come, should avoid using ellipsis at the beginning of the quotation); There should be a space between dots and letters, or between dots.
5. If the quotation comes from multiple volumes, the author's surname and page number should be indicated.
1 in brackets is the volume number, and the lowercase Roman numeral I is the page number, indicating that the quotation comes from the preface of 1 volume (preface, preface, introduction, etc. Page numbers are mostly expressed in lowercase Roman numerals). In addition, the history of English literature is underlined; rule
The format of the template is: the title of the book, including the name of the work published in the form of a book (such as Paradise Lost), must be underlined or italicized; The titles of other works, such as poems, essays, short stories, etc., are marked with double quotation marks, such as "To Autumn" and the front.
"Democratic vision" and so on.
6. If an English paper quotes two or more works by the same author, it should indicate the author, the page number of the citation and the name of the work.
7. Commenting on poetry often needs to quote the original poem. The quotation format is shown in the following example.
When Beowulf dived up to the surface of the water, "rough waves and large areas of water/were washed away ..." (1.1620-21).
The poems quoted here are separated by slashes, and there must be spaces between slashes and letters and punctuation marks before and after; 1 in brackets is the abbreviation of line; 2 1 need not be written as 162 1. If you quote more than three lines, you should still compare the quoted poems with the short passages.
Word separation (see item 4, point 2).
Verb (abbreviation of verb) bibliography of English papers
The author of the paper must provide a detailed publication of all the quotations in the paper at the end of the text, that is, the document catalogue page. American colleges and universities generally call this page a work citation page, and its format should pay attention to the following points:
1, the directory page should be separated from the text, printed on another page, and placed after the text.
2. The table of contents page should be regarded as a page of an English paper, and the author's surname and page number should be indicated in the upper right corner according to the page number order of the paper; If the entry is more than one page, the first page does not need to be marked with the author's surname and page number (but the number of pages must be counted), and the other pages are still arranged in order.
Indicate the author's last name and page number. The cited title works are about 2.5cm from the top of the printing paper, and still 0.6cm from the first line of the first item. The distance between items and rows is also 0.6cm, so there is no need to leave more blanks.
3. The order of each content is the author's surname, first name, name of the work, name of the publishing house, place of publication, year of publication, starting and ending page numbers, etc. Each item should be arranged in strict alphabetical order according to the author's surname, but don't code each item, and don't associate books with magazines.
Lists periodicals and other projects.
4. The first line of each item needs to be printed in the top space, and it needs to be indented by 5 spaces when it is returned to distinguish it from other items.