Chuanjiang bugle is a folk singing form in which the Chuanjiang boatmen unify their movements and rhythms, with the bugler taking the lead and all the boatmen singing the chorus. The more than 1,000-kilometer section of the Yangtze River from Yibin to Yichang is commonly known as the Chuanjiang River. The waterway is difficult and dangerous, with dense shoals, numerous reefs and rapid currents. Chongqing City and eastern Sichuan are the main birthplaces and inheritance places of Chuanjiang Haozi. 1. Historical Characteristics
In Bayu, there are overlapping mountains, crisscrossing rivers, and inconvenient transportation. For the circulation of goods and passenger transportation, wooden boats are needed to carry passengers and goods. Therefore, cypress sailing boats have become the main means of transportation. Small boats have There are a few boatmen, and the larger ones have twenty or thirty boatmen, or even more. The boatman, also known as the captain, is the master of a boat. When the boat is sailing or stopping, it goes fast or slow, and all the boatmen are under the command of the boatman. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the boatmen beat drums as trumpets to direct the boats and unify the rhythm of the boats. Around the middle of the Qing Dynasty, haozi gradually emerged and specialized haozi heads were produced.
Day after day, year after year, Chuanjiang trackers "step on stones with their feet and scrape the sand with their hands, walking to the ends of the earth in wind and rain", leaving deep lines on the hard stone that have been honed by ropes. of fiber marks. The chants shouted by trackers carrying heavy loads became the famous Sichuan River chants, high-pitched, heroic and powerful, echoing in the Xiajiang River for a long time.
2. Artistic Features
Hao Zitou was created based on the different water potential and water properties of the river, the dangers of bright beaches and reefs to sailing, and the labor rhythm of rocking oars and bending. Some chants with different rhythms, different tones, and different emotions, such as "Moyo chant", "Huang chant", "Second-rate rocking oar chant", "Dragon boat chant", etc. should be sung when the boat is launching or leveling the water. This type of chant has a melodious tone and slow rhythm, which is suitable for the slow motion of wagging. It is also a way for boatmen to relax physically and mentally after the intense work of crossing beaches and reefs. When crossing the beach, they sing the "Lazy Big Horn" , "Qi Fu Radial Hao Zi", "Chicken Pecking Rice Hao Zi", these types of chants have majestic and fierce tones and have strong labor rhythm characteristics to adapt to the needs of sailing on the beach; when the boat is on the water to pull fibers, it should sing "Big Turtle Dove" "Hao Zi", "Yao Er San Hao Zi", "Zhao Zhuo Zi", "Wilted Bubble Hao Zi", these types of chants generally have strong melody, and the boatman is very tired during fiber drawing. In order to relieve tension and unify the pace and strength, The characteristics of music have been formed due to the need for concentration; when crossing dangerous shoals, "ship-wringing chants" and "Jiajia chants" are sung. Such chants are characterized by intense and majestic tones. Representative pieces include "Eighteen Pulls" and "Jiaochao". "Eight Lang Returns to the Camp", "Sister Gui Repairs the Book", "Kixing Tower", etc. "Turtle Dove" and so on.
In the long years of singing haozi, different types of haozi have been formed, including Sipingqiangshuban, Lazy Daradishuban, Qifuradishuban and Kuai Erliu. Among these tunes, the rhythm of the lead singing part of Hao Zitou has changed according to the standard. The Huayin of Xiaoqiang is used more and has a certain improvisational component, so there are ten different singing parts. It has a majestic and exciting tone, as well as a sweet and lyrical melody. It plays a role in unifying the oars and pulling movements and adjusting the nervous mood of the boatman during the boating. The lyrics of the chants are also very rich, often based on the names of places, products, history, and cultural landscapes along the river, and are rich in knowledge. For example, "There are famous places on both sides of the Sichuan River." "Tang". When the haozitou compiled and sang the chant, he included all the beaches along the river in the lyrics. In the past, the old boatmen and haozitou sailed in the Yangtze River for many years. Regardless of the rise or fall of the water, the bright reefs, Keeping the secrets of water flow and speed in mind, they accumulated rich knowledge of sailing and ensured the safety of sailing. Therefore, in the past, Minsheng Steamship Company, Qianghua Steamship Company, China Merchants Company, etc., recruited some young and powerful sailors who were very familiar with the water properties of the Sichuan River. After the leader was invited to the company for training on ship knowledge, he was sent to the ship to serve as a sailor and pilot, and then promoted to the important positions of river leader and captain.
3. Inheritance value
Chuanjiang No. The boat has a long history and is the most distinctive among Sichuan labor chants. Chongqing and Sichuan have had the advantage of boating since ancient times, and there are many records of this in historical records. In recent years, "stone anchors" from the Neolithic period have been unearthed along both sides of the river. ", "fiber-pulling figurines" and other cultural relics from the Eastern Han Dynasty all confirm the long history of the Sichuan River water transport industry. The human geography, customs, natural scenery on both sides of the Sichuan River, as well as the custom of singing to assist work in shipping, are long-lasting themes in folk songs and poems by literati such as Du Fu and Li Bai. Academic circles generally believe that Chuanjiang Haozi is a cultural treasure in the history of Yangtze River water transportation. It is a song of life condensed with the blood and sweat of boatmen when they fought against the dangerous shoals. It has a long history, rich repertoire, and high-pitched and exciting tunes. , leading the crowd and singing with the disciples and other characteristics. Its existence essentially embodies the indomitable fighting spirit of the working people in the Sichuan and River basins in the face of the dangerous natural environment since ancient times, as well as their rugged and heroic yet humorous character traits. At the same time, its development is relatively complete in terms of musical form and content, and it has high cultural and historical value.
With the popularization of motorized iron ships, artificially powered ships are operating in some mainstream rivers and tributary rivers. The foundation for the survival and development of Chuanjiang Haozi has begun to shake. Coupled with factors such as the rupture of inheritance, Chuanjiang Haozi has The child is facing an endangered predicament.
Rescuing and protecting Sichuan River chants and allowing them to be passed down from generation to generation among the people will have a positive role in enriching and developing China's water music culture and even the world's water music culture.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Chuanjiang Haozi was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.