1. Economic prosperity provides strong material conditions for the prosperity of poetry. Economic prosperity, convenient transportation, and social stability provide a strong material foundation and a good social environment for the prosperity and development of Tang poetry. This is the specific material condition that allows poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu to roam freely in the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, and Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan and others to easily carry out "Singing at the Flag Pavilion".
2. The unprecedented unity of the country provided a realistic basis for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Our country is a multi-ethnic country. Since the Han Dynasty, a multi-ethnic unity has been formed. Later, due to the corruption of the ruling class, the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties reappeared. The Sui Dynasty ended the chaos of the division of the North and the South, and the Tang Dynasty restored and developed the multi-ethnic unity.
In order to improve the management of border areas, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to border achievements and provided large rewards. This stimulated the enthusiasm of people at that time to go to the border to serve as soldiers. In particular, some literati rushed to the border fortress to join the shogunate and accompany their generals to the battlefield. "It's better to be a centurion than a scholar." "I only get fame from horses. It's true that a man has only one husband." It has become a fashion to make achievements and gain fame. The military life in the frontier fortress and the beautiful scenery of the foreign land increased their knowledge, broadened their horizons, and inspired their creative enthusiasm. A large number of poets who expressed their affection for the frontier fortress came into being. According to statistics, "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains more than 2,000 poems on the frontier fortress. The prosperity of frontier poetry added splendor to the prosperity of Tang poetry.
3. The imperial examination system of selecting scholars based on poetry promoted the study and research of poetry by literati.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the social economy recovered rapidly, and the power of common landowners continued to rise. In order to widely absorb common landowners to participate in politics, the Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui system, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system that protected the privileges of the gentry in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties was abolished, and the imperial examination was implemented. The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty were divided into two categories: regular examinations and institutional examinations. The examination was presided over by the emperor, and subjects were set up temporarily and held infrequently. The regular examination is held once a year and is divided into six subjects: Xiucai, Mingjing, Jinshi, and Mingfa. Candidates are concentrated in the two subjects of Xiucai and Jinshi. Jinshi's emphasis is on poetry and poetry. Although it is difficult to reach the rank, after reaching the rank, the official career is broad and it is easy to be promoted, which is especially valued by the scholars. "Although the Jin gentry is in a very popular position, those who cannot be promoted to scholars will not be beautiful in the end." Most of the poems required for the imperial examination were embellishments and carvings. However, the imperial examination system that used poetry to select scholars stimulated people at that time to study poetry enthusiastically and devote most of their energy to poetry creation, which was conducive to the development of the art form of poetry. Continuous improvement and widespread dissemination of creative experience. Yan Xu's "Canglang Poetry Talk·Poetry Commentary" said: "You may ask why Tang poetry surpassed our dynasty? The Tang Dynasty relied on poetry to recruit scholars, so there were many specialized studies, and the poetry of our dynasty was not as good as that."
IV. , the ruler's personal hobbies and promotion will help the whole society pay attention to the formation of poetry atmosphere. The monarchs of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to poetry, and most of them were capable of poetry. Taizong successively opened a literature hall and a Hongwen hall to recruit scholars, compile documents, and sing and chant with them. Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Wu often composed new lyrics to entertain themselves. Xuanzong himself was a poet. He said that every time he wrote a poem, he often "enjoyed and forgot about his worries." Seventy-two people were specially awarded the Bachelor of Poetry by Emperor Wenzong. Emperor Wu held a banquet with his ministers, and Zhiwen of the Song Dynasty wrote the best poems, and was awarded a brocade robe by the emperor. The emperor's hobbies and advocacy improved the poet's reputation and helped to form a culture of attaching importance to poetry in the whole society.
5. The loosening of literary restrictions is the prerequisite for the production of a large number of poems that criticize the powerful and truly reflect the life of the lower class. The peak of literature and art always appears in an era when the mind is relatively liberated. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were clear and generous, and dared to recruit talents and accept advice. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was able to use Wei Zheng, who was outspoken and daring to admonish; Wu Zetian relied on the virtuous minister Di Renjie; Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty did not prohibit poems that directly targeted him. "When encountering a sage, he dares to speak out about prosperity and death." The poets of the Tang Dynasty expressed their opinions directly in a relatively free ideological space. Li Bai: "The treacherous ministers want to steal the throne, and the factions form a group of themselves." Du Fu: "The side court bleeds into the sea water, and the Emperor Wu has no intention of opening the side."... These immortal poems that boldly expose the powerful can only be seen when the literary ban is relaxed. In a social environment, talents can be widely circulated once they appear. The political atmosphere of loosened literary bans has liberated the creativity of national art and allowed poets to pursue the creation and perfection of art without hesitation.
6. The "Anshi Rebellion" enriched the poet's creative materials. The great changes in society stimulated the poet's inspiration and provided rich
materials for the poet's creation. Poets such as Du Fu, Yuan Jie, and Gu Kuang made painful observations and calm reflections on the dark reality, and thus created a large number of excellent poems that exposed class contradictions and reflected the suffering of people's livelihood.
7. Cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the development of various arts also had a profound impact on the development of Tang poetry. The Tang Empire had a prosperous economy, strong national power, and developed land and water transportation, which greatly promoted the exchanges between various ethnic groups in the country and Chinese and foreign cultures, and injected new content and fresh vitality into the traditional Tang culture. As the sister arts of poetry, music, dance, painting, sculpture, etc. have also been impacted and influenced by other national cultures. From Du Fu's "Painting an Eagle", Gao Shi's "Painting a Horse", Bai Juyi's "Hu Xuan Wu", Han Yu's "Listening to Master Ying Playing the Qin" and other poems describing music, dance and painting, we can see that the poets of the Tang Dynasty He is very good at absorbing the nourishment of other arts to nourish himself, and we can also see the spirit of the times of the poets of the Tang Dynasty who were brave enough to accept new things.
8. The own laws of literary development are the internal factors for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
The development of any literary form in any era, on the one hand, inherits previous literature and art, and on the other hand, it has its own transformation and development. The same is true for Tang poetry.
From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the development of poetry has experienced a long-term historical development process. 5. Seven-character ancient poetry has matured, and rhymed poems and quatrains have basically crossed over from the experimental stage. Whether it is the creation method, stylistic features, artistic skills, or the use of rhythm and the creation of language style, rich experience has been accumulated, which has provided a good foundation for Tang poetry. The development provides wealth worth learning from. The poets of the Tang Dynasty drew on the strengths of others, not only inheriting and developing the literary traditions of realism and romanticism from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, but also developing artistic traditions of various forms and techniques. What is commendable is that the poets of the Tang Dynasty did not simply use the literary and artistic heritage, but adopted a scientific attitude of criticizing inheritance and innovating. The poetry world of the early Tang Dynasty was a continuation of the colorful poetry style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. Shangguan style, which was "based on beauty and beauty", occupied a dominant position. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty used practice to lead poetry from the palace to the marketplace, and from the pavilions to the mountains and deserts. Expanded the scope of poetry themes. Chen Zi'ang denounced the poetry world as "beautiful and colorful, but the prosperity of poems is unique", and advocated "the style of Han and Wei Dynasties" and "the five elegant poems", sweeping away the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties in both theory and practice, and paving the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry. Li Bai, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, believed that "since Jian'an, beauty has not been precious", while studying Chu Ci, Yuefu created a unique romantic poetry style and completed the mission of poetry innovation. His pursuit of ideals, freedom of spirit, and unbridled, majestic and elegant style opened the way for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Du Fu made it clear: "Don't be a master of pseudo-tiffany and profess elegance, Zhuan Yiduo is your master." Both criticize and inherit, paying attention to both ideological content and rhythmic form. Du's poetry pushed realist poetry to its peak with its profound content, melancholy and vigorous style, and rigorous narrative style. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran praised the tranquility and tranquility of the mountains, rivers and countryside, while Cen Shen described the majesty of the frontier fortress scenery. Many schools created a large number of works in their own styles, ushering in a complicated situation of Tang poetry.