pick apples
original text
Where can I pick apples? On the south side of the river bank. Where can I go to mine? It is in the water. This is a shallow swamp.
What can you put? There are circular saws and square baskets. What can cook food? All three are together, but none of them.
Where is the sacrifice? The temple at the end of the window. Who will be the officiating person this time? Be respectful.
translate
Where can I pick apples? It's on the waterfront of Nanxi. Where can I collect algae? It's in a shallow swamp, where there is water.
What can I put in? There are round baskets and square baskets. What can cook food? There are pots and kettles.
Where is the sacrifice? It's under the window at the ancestral temple. Who is the priest today? The girl is respectful and pious.
To annotate ...
(1) Apple, also known as four-leaf clover and field grass, is a perennial fern living in shallow water.
② Algae, perennial aquatic herbs of Taxodiaceae. According to the Book of Rites, the female priest said, "Fish is sacrificed with apple algae", and the fish is solid; Apple algae, soup vegetables.
3 Mao Chuan: "If you act rashly, you will flow rashly." In Shuo Wen Shui Bu, the rain is flowing. Duan Yucai's note: Zhao Nan is flowing elsewhere, saying that clouds are flowing, and clouds are flowing. Explain "line" with "flow" according to transmission. Note that Zuo Zhuan is a cloud' water of Tao'; Zhao notes that Mencius is a cloud "flowing in Tao", and it is ridiculous to interpret "behavior" with "Tao" Flowing, the water is moving and gathering, so it doesn't have to be on the side of the road. "
(4) Baskets and pots are bamboo products, square baskets and round pots.
⑤ Item, Mao Chuan: "Hengye." Pressure cooking. Pot and pot are cookware, there are no feet at the bottom of the pot, and there are three feet under the pot.
⑥ Imperial clan, Mao Chuan: "Temple of Bulk." Bulk is the ancestor of doctors. The succession of princes and doctors in the Zhou Dynasty was also a system of succession of county chiefs. Except for the first son, all the others are sons. My son is a doctor, he inherits his son, and he is a doctor in the world, so the temple was built to worship him, which is for the imperial clan. At the entrance, Zheng said "in front of the house", and Qian Chengzhi said: "The temple of the ancients sat facing south, the house was in the north, the house was in the east, and the house was in the west, all in the south, so it was close to the house, so it was called' under the house'. Therefore, those who are not indoors, those who confuse women, set up several banquets outdoors to show their success, so the sacrifices of teaching are also set outdoors. "
⑦ Mao Chuan: "Corpse, Lord. Qi, here. Season, less. " Sacrifice according to the right is in the room, and the housewife helps sacrifice. In Xiaoya Chutz's works, the so-called "Momo, husband and wife, are fighting Kong Shuo" is also true. "Picking Apples" is about sacrifice, but the main people are women in the season. Chen is not suitable for formal sacrifice under the imperial clan, and it is also a question of women's etiquette.
Appreciation of famous artists
Sacrifice is an important event in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In a patriarchal society, its political significance is great, so it goes without saying here. As far as the whole sacrificial process is concerned,
Zhao Nan Cai Ping
Although solemn and pious, the atmosphere is more cordial. The ghosts and gods, or ancestors, faced during the sacrifice are actually as simple as people; Ancestor god, or a stranger to play. The main content of sacrifice, let's talk about it, is the diet of people and ghosts and gods, but compared with weekdays, eating and drinking is particularly serious, the process is particularly long and there are rules. Xiaoya Chutz is described in the most detailed way here. The so-called "drunk and full, small and big" in the previous chapter, but it needs a meaning in the Analects of Confucius, that is, "love both its sheep and its ceremony", although it rhymes a little here. "Historical Records Confucius Family" says that "Confucius is a child play, and the military is forbidden to make rituals". Confucius may indeed have the talent of a "saint", but some of the ceremonies can be disguised as child's play, which shows that this serious political activity originally had a lively and interesting life. Sacrifice seems more important to women. "Daya Zhanyin" said that "a woman has no official business, and her silkworm weaving should be stopped", and "Xiaoya Four Dry" said that being a daughter means "nothing but eating and drinking". Sacrifice is the most important thing in "official business", and of course sacrifice is also the most important thing in "wine and food". Sacrificial ceremony: "The monarch said in the words of his wife,' Please let your daughter and I * * * own our city and serve the ancestral temple country.' "Ancestral temple, that is, sacrifice, shows how big a topic this is, so the most important thing for a daughter to participate in political activities is sacrifice. Therefore, before we get married, we have to do a rehearsal, which is what Mao said: "People who want to marry women in ancient times must first be polite to the imperial clan, sacrifice fish and write with apple algae." "
The narrative of "Picking Apples" is true, even without a word to describe it, but it writes a little spiritual glimmer of women's life in plain and harmonious beauty. Picking vegetables, cooking and offering sacrifices, "things" are calm and peaceful, with happiness and longing. Yao Tao's "family harmony", "family harmony" and "singing three sighs" were the lowest or highest requirements for women in that era. After reading "Picking Apples", it is estimated that my daughter herself hopes so. "Who died, there is a girl in the season", without a hint of compliment, is a daydream in the poem. Originally it was the beginning, but it was wrapped up gently and skillfully. At this moment, "narrative" was conveniently turned into "lyric".
Zhao Nan Cai Ping's overall evaluation
As for the theme of this poem, Zuo Zhuan's Three Years' Hidden Tribute regards it as the work of Zhao Zhongxin, which is as famous as Xu Cai, Zou Wei and Su Zhu, but not limited to this.
Zhao Nan Cai Ping
Some scholars in ancient times were influenced by "poetry teaching". According to the Book of Rites, it is believed that the daughter of a nobleman went to the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices to her ancestors. Mao said: "In ancient times, anyone who wanted to marry a woman had to pay tribute to the imperial clan and sacrifice fish to make a big fuss." Fang Yurun's "The Book of Songs Primitive Man" said: "If women want to get married, teach them to speak first." In the Book of Songs written by Kai He in the Ming Dynasty, the so-called "Ji Nv" in the poem and "Ji Lan" in Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-eight Years of "xianggong" are the same person, both of which refer to Zhou Wuwang, Yuan Fei and Jiang Yi. This poem is a praise to Jiang Yi. Most modern scholars think that this poem is about a slave girl buying a sacrifice for her master, which is more poetic.
According to the literature, in ancient times, the daughters of nobles had to go to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors before marriage, and at the same time they had to learn the etiquette after marriage. At this time, slaves bought sacrifices for their masters, renovated sacrificial utensils, set up altars and worked hard all day. This poem describes their labor process. The whole poem consists of three chapters, each with four sentences. The first chapter asks and answers two questions, pointing out the place where apples and seaweed are picked, the second chapter asks and answers two questions, pointing out the utensils for holding and cooking sacrifices, and the last chapter asks and answers two questions, pointing out the people who sacrifice the land and the main sacrifice.
As the saying goes, "God can eat, and Buddha can know." These ordinary sacrifices and cumbersome rituals accumulate people's sustenance and hope, so all activities around the sacrifices are extremely pious, sacred and solemn, as Zuo Zhuan's Three Years of Hidden Tribute said: "With a clear letter, there will be a stream and marsh, and there will be a dish of apple algae and a basket." Therefore, the poet took pains to describe the sacrifices, ritual vessels, places and figures in an orderly way, and described the arduous and boring labor process vividly.
The artistic charm of this poem mainly comes from the composition of the question-and-answer style, and its main composition factor is the use of five "Yu Yi", just as Wu Kaisheng quoted an old comment in "Poetry Huitong": "The word" Yu Yi "has five uses, and there is a trend of" thousands of valleys are close to Jingmen ". The whole poem is full of power and momentum, but the specific meanings of the five "Yu Yi" are not exactly the same, with ups and downs and swaying postures. At the end of the article, "Who's a corpse, there's a Miracle girl" suddenly ends, which is extraordinary, showing readers the beautiful image of Ji Ji's daughter like a cloud.
Zhao Nan Cai Ping-Interpreter
This is also a folk song describing a girl's longing for love. Different from "Picking Eggs in the South", a girl thought of her lover when she was working hard for feudal princes and nobles, and fantasized about asking him and answering him. Where can I pick apple grass? Next to Nanxi; Where can I collect algae? Where he was flooded. What do you dress yourself with? Only square baskets and round baskets are used; What for cooking? Just use a pot with feet and no feet. The ending of folk songs shows the girl's hopelessness and helplessness, because she has to accept the sacrifice of the present people on behalf of the deceased, so she can't go home to meet the people she misses.
This folk song once again shows the customs in southern Zhao, that is, people are free to fall in love, rather than marriage customs such as arranged by their parents, forced marriage and buying and selling marriage.
Zhao Nan Cai Ping-Textual Research
To pick apples. Chuan said: "Ping, big secret." Biography: "Duckweed is also on the water, which Jiangdong people call it." And "peace, constancy,
Zhao Nan Cai Ping
The greatest is Ping, whose theory is consistent. Zhu mistook Xiaoping for Daping, and there were different opinions. Luo Ken said that the four-leaf clover is an apple, and Li Shizhen is also integrated with it. Apples float on the water, and four-leaf clovers hold their roots underwater, which is not a genus. Chen Zangqi said: "Apple leaves are round and wide, and there is a little foam under them. It's water chestnut. " That's right. Water turtles are also called water turtles.
Luo Yuan said, Apple, four-leaf clover, namely Cao. In order to pick apples, it comes from "Zhao Nan Picking Apples". Apple, fern aquatic plant, Lu Shu: "Today duckweed is also on the water. Its thick name is apple, and its small name is Ping. "
Luo Yuan's "Er Ya Yi" Volume 6: "Ping, Heng. The biggest apple has square leaves, which are folded like a cross in the middle, with roots at the bottom of the water and leaves sticking to the water, not duckweed floating without roots. " The apple in Luo Yuan is a four-leaf clover, which Cao and Gang Yuanfeng think is wrong. Gang Yuanfeng thinks that the four-leaf clover has roots, and the apple floats on the water without roots. So I drew a picture of a four-leaf clover for comparison.
Luo Yuan, a native of Song Dynasty, wrote Er Ya Yi. Li Shizhen, an Amin, wrote Compendium of Materia Medica. Chen Zangqi, a native of Tang Dynasty, wrote Notes on Materia Medica.
Zhao Nan Cai Ping-Elegant Analysis
Yan Wen: People in China are obsessed with dead ends. In fact, whether they are lucky or not is not whether they have found a clover with four petals, but whether they have a lucky heart of their own.
When I read The Book of Songs Zhao Nan Cai Ping, I actually thought of pornography. The Book of Songs is actually pornographic.
If you meet a beautiful girl, don't daydream, don't hold her in your arms, you will be sorry for Confucius and the Book of Songs ... It is also appropriate to sum up China's culture in just four words: "A gentleman is a good lover".
Picking apples is a sexual suggestion, a desire of human reproduction.
Sometimes when I think of a grass, I feel very close to my childhood. When I think of acid, I feel like I'm standing on a grassy beach, waving thorns to catch red dragonflies in the sunset. But I still can't forget that sour look. I only remember that she was as green as an onion, and that sour taste could spread to every corner of her body.
I pushed open the door of the yard a few days ago and almost set foot on a piece of green grass. Three heart-shaped leaves are slender and have very soft fluff. I checked the Compendium of Materia Medica, which is called sorrel in Tang Materia Medica, also called trisaccharide. Suspicion is sour. I thought what I had been looking for for so many years was right next to me. I was really happy for a while, but I tasted it and it was not very sour. Although a little disappointed, I soon found a large area of Oxalis in the living quarters and parks, and I was moved by its magnificent appearance.
People are also called sorrel, which is the kind of lucky grass. Three heart-shaped leaves, one is friendship, generally family, and the other is love. If you find four petals, you will be favored by the goddess of luck, just like the folklore. This reminds me of an apple, which is also a heart-shaped leaf, but has four petals, which is a little sweet to chew. Since you can't find the sour taste of four petals, why not use this green apple instead? China people are obsessed with dead ends. In fact, whether they are lucky or not is not whether they have found a clover with four petals, but whether they have a lucky heart of their own.
I met apples in the wetland. I like the world put together by four people. They are crowded together, I don't know what they are talking about. Maybe this is the beauty of the water. When I read The Book of Songs Zhao Nan Cai Ping, I actually thought of pornography.
Confucius said that the Book of Songs was innocent, and Zhou Zheng's voice still popped up in da ji's bedroom account, which was considered innocent. But when he was held in his arms by Guose, it was said in the book "Walking on Wan Li Road for nine days", but I think there should be some fascinating experience that led to such weakness. The Book of Songs is not only pure in thought, but also pornographic. Confucius talked about the innocence of thought, but put Guan Yu at the beginning of the volume. As the saying goes, "My Fair Lady is a Gentleman", if you meet beautiful girls without daydreaming and hold them in your arms, you will be sorry for Confucius and the Book of Songs. Compared with Guan Yu, Zepi tells a story about a woman who can't sleep at night after seeing a beautiful man. Men can chase after them, and women will hide naked under the covers and feel helpless. In fact, if you think about it, it is appropriate to sum up the culture of China in four words: "A gentleman is a good man". There is a Fox depicts a naked man for us. A woman saw her lover crossing the ice water. This man not only has no belt, but also has no clothes and clothes. This may be the earliest performance art recorded in historical materials. It's hard to imagine what will happen next. Fistful of dollars is more explicit on the issue of cheating. The impatient hero tore off a woman's clothes, revealing jade skin. The woman sighed and said, "slow down, don't be impatient!" Don't pull off my scarf! Don't let wild dogs bark! "
Zhao Nan Cai Ping
"In order to pick apples? The shore of Nanjian. " In the era of The Book of Songs, the woman to be married went to Qingshui bank to carefully look for green apples as sacrifices and prepared to enjoy her first night in the bridal chamber. In my opinion, picking apples is a sexual suggestion, a desire for human reproduction. Isn't the dense and full green apple beside the water a symbol of prosperity? Perhaps watching "Picking Apples" actually feels that pornography may be a bit excessive. Fortunately, Mr. Cao Xueqin said the word "Yin". To paraphrase, I am "obscene" about The Book of Songs. The ancients called the new house a bridal chamber, which was also a kind of "psychosexuality".
The Book of Songs is a Chinese painting with mountains, water, flowers, grass, trees, stones, men and women. Blank is the wind that started at the end of the green apple, which messed up my thoughts. Let me imagine that in the vast Baipingzhou, groups of wild deer are grazing, beautiful women are picking, and then I hear their moving songs, and then they drift away and become blank with the songs.
Zhao Nan Cai Ping-Tian Zi Cao
Perennial aquatic plants. The plant is 5 ~ 25 cm high, and the rhizome is round and thin, bifurcated and crosses the mud or raw mud surface. Stem nodes are far away, 1 to several leaves, petioles are long, leaflets are 4, inverted triangle, grass-like hairless, branches are linear, reticulate and long and narrow; Nodes give birth to fibrous roots, which have hairy lateral roots. Spore fruit is attached to the base of petiole, short-stalked, rectangular kidney-shaped, green when young, hairy, brown when mature, and hairless. Large sporangium and small sporangium are coextensive in 1 sporangium. The megaspore has only 1 megaspore, and the microspore has multiple microspores. In winter, leaves die, roots remain in the soil, and germinate in mid-April of the following spring, branching out leaves, roots spread continuously and producing fruiting bodies, and the life of ascomycetes can reach more than 20 years. It is distributed all over the country. I like shallow water, moors and low-lying and humid places. This plant is very similar to oxalis. Leaves grow from the nodes of the rhizome, and are arranged in a Tian Zi shape with four opposite leaflets. Therefore, it is named Tian Zi Cao, which has a fan-shaped single piece, while Oxalis has only three leaves, which is the easiest difference between the two. Crotalaria is a kind of fern, which can't bloom.
Interpretation and Appreciation of the Full Text of Guofeng Zhao Nan Cai Ping