Li Bai is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the most famous poets in my country. He is another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese literature and is known as the "Immortal of Poetry". Li Bai and Du Fu are collectively called "Li Du". Let's take a look together. Below is an introduction to the poet Li Bai that I compiled for you. I hope you like it.
Introduction to Li Bai
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi.
His ancestral home was in Chengji, Longxi (now southwest of Jingning, Gansu). At the end of the Sui Dynasty, his ancestors lived in Suiye (near today's Tokmak, northern Kyrgyzstan). When he was young, he moved with his father to Qinglian Township, Changlong County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). At the age of 25, he "said farewell to relatives and traveled far away" and left Shu with a sword. Tianbao initially served in the Imperial Academy, but was slandered by the powerful and left Chang'an in just over a year. During the Anshi Rebellion, he served as an aide to King Yong Lin. Because Lin was defeated in Xunyang Prison, he was banished to Yelang, but he was pardoned and returned to the east. In his later years, he went to his uncle Li Yangbing, who ordered him to Dangtu. He later died in Dangtu and was buried in Longshan. In the twelfth year of Tang Yuanhe (817), Fan Chuanzheng, the observer of Xuanshechi, moved his tomb to Qingshan according to Li Bai's last wish of "aiming at Qingshan" during his lifetime. There are thirty volumes of "Collected Works of Li Taibai" in circulation.
There are more than 990 poems by Li Bai in existence. There are a large number of political lyric poems, which fully express the poet's extraordinary ambition, unrestrained passion, and heroic spirit. They also represent the typical tone of high-spirited poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai had a strong self-awareness and compared himself with the Dapeng many times. "The Dapeng rises with the wind in one day, and its fortunes rise ninety thousand miles" in "Li Yong". However, Li Bai returned frustrated after three years in Chang'an. When Li Bai's passionate political enthusiasm was collided with reality, it turned into a sad and angry song of unrecognized talent. He burst out from his chest: "The road is like the blue sky. I alone cannot reach it. I am ashamed to chase it." "In the middle of Chang'an society, the red chickens and white dogs play for pears and chestnuts, they play the swords and sing songs and make bitter sounds, and they drag their trains to the royal family, which is not suitable for them." Li Bai also wrote joyful drinking poems to relieve the sorrow of not being able to realize his talents. "About to Enter the Wine": "If you are happy in life, you must have all the fun. Don't let the gold bottle stand empty against the moon. I am born with talents that will be useful. I will come back after all the gold is spent. I have fun cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle. I will drink three hundred cups at a time." In line with this bold and unrestrained emotional momentum, the distinctive characteristics of Li Bai's poetry in terms of artistic techniques are: magical imagination, unprovoked changes, vertical and horizontal jumps in structure, and scattered sentence lengths, forming a majestic and elegant poem. style. "Dreamwalking Tianmu chants and leaves behind":
"Tianmu reaches the sky and stretches across the sky, stretching out the five mountains to cover Chicheng. The rooftop is 48,000 feet long, and it wants to fall to the southeast. I want to dream of Wu and Yue because of it, Flying across the Jinghu Lake all night, the moon shines on me and sends me to the Yan River. The place where Xie Gong stayed is still there, and the clear apes are singing in the water. There are chickens in the air. The road is uncertain in the thousands of rocks, and the rocks are suddenly dim. The roaring bears and dragons sing in the Yinyan Spring, the clouds are green and green, and the water is full of thunder. , Qiu Luan collapsed, the stone fan of the cave suddenly opened, the blue sky was vast and bottomless, the sun and the moon shone on the gold and silver platform, the clouds came and fell one after another, and the tigers and drums played. Luan returns to the carriage. Immortals are lined up like hemp." And when I first wake up from the dream, the illusion disappears, which leads to my feelings about life and the world: "The same is true for happiness in the world. Everything flows in the east." It makes me unhappy to bow down and serve the powerful.” Li Bai's characteristic of thinking beyond the world greatly developed Zhuangzi's fables. Qu Yuan's first romantic spirit and expression techniques also integrated Taoist immortal imagery, which has amazing artistic charm and won the praise of a generation of "poetry immortals". praise.
The themes of Li Bai's poems are diverse. Li Bai's seven-character ancient poems ("The Road to Shu is Difficult", "Dream Wandering Tianmu's Song of Farewell", "About to Enter the Wine", "Yin of Liang Fu", etc.); five-character ancient poems (59 poems in "Ancient Style"); there are Yuefu folk songs of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties The unique "Changganxing", "Midnight Wu Ge", etc., and the seven-character quatrains ("Wanglu Mountain Waterfall", "Wangtianmen Mountain", "Early Departure from Baidi City", etc.) have become famous works in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was already famous in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's poems "are not collected in fixed volumes, but every family has them." He is the first person in the Chinese poetry circle.
Li Bai's early years
Li Bai's ancestral home is Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'andong, Gansu). Li Bai was born in Suiye (located near Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan today) in the Western Regions in the first year of Chang'an of Wu Zetian (701 AD). According to the "New Book of Tang", he was the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (Liang Wuzhao King Li Hao), and he was actually the same ancestry as the kings of Li and Tang. When he was young, Li Bai and his father Li Ke moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan). He began traveling throughout China in his youth. Later, Li Bai once worshiped Hanlin in the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 742). However, his unruly character determined that he could not be tolerated by the powerful, so he left Chang'an in less than two years.
Li Bai in middle age
Later he met Du Fu, another famous poet of the Tang Dynasty in China, in Luoyang and became a good friend. After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, in December 756, Li Bai was invited to serve as an aide to King Yong in order to quell the rebellion. After King Yong was angry and killed Suzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was also convicted and imprisoned. Soon after, he was exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). He was pardoned during his exile. At this time, Li Bai was already 59 years old.
Li Bai’s later years
In his later years, Li Bai wandered around the south of the Yangtze River.
When Li Bai was 61 years old, he heard that Lieutenant Li Guangbi was leading an army to attack the Anshi rebels, so he went north to prepare to follow Li Guangbi and join the army to kill the enemy, but he turned back due to illness on the way. The next year, Li Bai defected to his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate of Dangtu (now Anhui). In November of the same year, Li Bai died of illness in his apartment at the age of 62.
Li Bai's works
Li Bai created a large number of poetry works throughout his life, and more than 900 poems have been handed down to this day. Li Bai's poetry creation covers a wide range of Chinese classical poetry themes, and there are famous works on many themes. Li Bai's favorite genres were mainly ancient poetry, including ancient style and Yuefu poetry, but he often also retained his swan songs in modern poetry genres such as rhymes and quatrains. Among the Ci poems that were not yet popular in the Tang Dynasty, two are considered to be Li Bai's works, namely "Bodhisattva Man" and "Recalling Qin E", which Huang Sheng of the Southern Song Dynasty called "the ancestor of Ci and music in a hundred generations". There are also a few people who doubt that they were written by Li Bai.
Textual research on Li Bai
According to the "Old Book of Tang", Li Bai, courtesy name Taibai, was from Shandong, and his father was Rencheng Wei. In his youth, Li Bai showed extraordinary talents, great ambition, and a transcendental heart. He and other students from central Shandong, including Kong Chaofu, Han Mian, Pei Zheng, Zhang Shuming, Tao Mian, etc., hid in Culai Mountain, singing and drinking heavily, and were known as "Zhuxi Liuyi" at that time.
The "Old Book of Tang" records that although Li Bai was pardoned during his exile, he died of drunkenness in Xuancheng due to excessive drinking on the way ("He died of drunkenness in Xuancheng because of excessive drinking").
Li Bai's life and character
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, was originally from Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an, Gansu), and was born in Suiye City (now Qin'an, Gansu) in the Western Region of Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan), when he was about five years old, his family moved to Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). His father, Li Ke (or his real name is unknown, "Ke" is a general term for outsiders), did not seek official positions and his family was wealthy, so people speculate that Li Bai may be a wealthy businessman. Li Bai spent his teenage years in Shu. Li Bai has been widely involved in reading since he was a child. It is said that "reciting Liujia at the age of five and observing hundreds of schools of thought at the age of ten" ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture"), "spectating wonders at the age of fifteen" In the book, he wrote a poem called Ling Xiangru ("A Gift to Zhang Xianghao"). When he was young, he was a knight with a sword. "Books with Han Jingzhou" says:
"Fifteen good swordsmanship, all over the feudal lords." " Wei Hao said that Li Bai "had bright eyes and was as trembling as a hungry tiger... He was a young knight and could kill many people with his hands" ("Preface to the Collection of Li Hanlin"). Cui Zongzhi also wrote in the poem "Gift to Li Twelve Bais" that "there are sleeves" Sentences such as "dagger and sword" and "double eyes illuminate people" describe his demeanor. Much later, Li Bai reminisced with his friends about the past, and he also recalled with great interest the past when he fought his way out of the siege of the evil young men in Wuling (see "Reminiscing about the past and giving a gift to Jiangyang Zailu Diao") .
Li Bai longed for the life of wandering immortals for a long time: "Fifteen journeys to immortals have never stopped. "(Part 5 of "Eight Poems for Feelings") When he was eighteen or nineteen years old, Li Bai once lived in seclusion in Dakuang Mountain, Daitian, and learned from Zhao Rui. Zhao Rui was a man who "walked in the world in the way of kings and dominators" (Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng" Li Bai met Su Ting when he was twenty years old, and won the praise of this "great master of the imperial court" and a great writer. In the autumn of the twelfth year of Kaiyuan (724), Li Bai "went to the country with his sword, said goodbye to his relatives and traveled far away" ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture"). Li Bai went south along the Pingqiang River from Emei Mountain to Jingmen, and then visited Dongting. He went to Jinling, Guangling, Kuaiji and other places, and soon returned to Zhouxi and settled in Yuncheng (now Anlu, Hubei). The famous Taoist Sima Chengzhen met him in Jiangling and praised him for his "immortal spirit and Taoism." "Wandering with the gods to the eight extremes" (Li Bai's "Dapeng Fu·Preface"). In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, he married the granddaughter of his late prime minister Xu Yu. Three years later, in the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan (730), Li Bai set out from Nanyang to Chang'an, when he was thirty years old.
Li Bai first entered Chang'an for about three years. Princess Yuzhen's villa was located in Zhongnan Mountain, and literati (including famous poets such as Wang Wei and Chu Guangxi) often visited her. Li Bai failed to get acquainted with the princess and finally left in the 20th year of Kaiyuan. (732) In the summer, Li Bai traveled east along the Yellow River and roamed Jiangxia, Luoyang, Taiyuan and other places. In the twenty-fourth year, he moved his family eastward and "came to Shandong to learn swordsmanship" ("Donglu went to Wen Shangwen in May"). 》). When Li Bai lived in Rencheng, he drank heavily with Kong Chaofu and others in Culai Mountain, and was known as "Zhuxi Liuyi". Later, he traveled around Henan, Huainan, Hunan, and Hubei, climbing Mount Tai in the north and Mount Tai in the south. When he went to Hangzhou, Kuaiji and other places, he was chanted everywhere, and his poems spread far and wide, shocking the government and the public. In the end, even the emperor was alarmed.
In the autumn of the first year of Tianbao, due to the recommendation of Princess Yuzhen. , Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an edict to recruit Li Bai to the capital, and expected him to be treated with grand courtesy: "A chariot came down to welcome him, as if he saw Qi Hao; he gave him food on a seven-treasure bed, and his hand poured soup into the rice. "(Li Yangbing's "Preface to Thatched Cottage Collection") ordered Li Bai to serve the Imperial Academy. When Li Bai was called to Beijing, he was quite ambitious. The poem "Farewell Children of Nanling Entering Beijing" goes: "Looking up to the sky and laughing and going out, how can we be a Penghao people!" Li Bai has a heart. He wanted to do something to repay Xuanzong's kindness, but this proud poet was soon hated by the palace dignitaries. A year later, he began to be slandered, "How could Bai Bi deserve it?" Then he was wronged" ("Letter to Cai She Renxiong"), "Although the king loves his beautiful eyebrows, he has no choice but to kill people in the palace due to jealousy" ("Jade Pot Song"), these poems are a portrayal of his dangerous situation at that time.
In the spring of the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai was released and returned to his hometown. This time he served in the court for only more than a year, but it caused profound changes in the poet's understanding of society.
After Li Bai left Chang'an, he walked eastward along Shangzhou Avenue and met Du Fu in Luoyang. Later, he traveled with Du Fu and Gao Shi to the Liang and Song Dynasties, and lived a life of drinking, writing essays, and chasing eagles and rabbits. Easy life. The next year, Li Bai met Du Fu again in Yanzhou, Shandong, and traveled to Sishui, Dongmeng and other places together. As the political situation worsened during the Tianbao period, Li Bai felt deeply worried and uneasy about the national crisis. In poems such as "Reply to the King Drinking Alone on a Cold Night" and "Farewell", Li Bai publicly protested against Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and others' monopolization of power and the killing of dissidents, and issued a tragic cry against the dangerous political situation. Li Bai wandered around, wandering in Liangyuan, Lujun and Jinling, and also visited Youji and other places. Many excellent poems were written along the way.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out. Li Bai took refuge in the southeast, traveling between Xuancheng, Dangtu, Jinling, and Liyang. Later he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. At that time, Xuanzong's son Yong Wanglin led his troops east from Jiangling and "written three times" ("Message to Jia Shaogong"). In the name of rejuvenating the great cause, he respectfully invited Li Bai to join his army, and Li Bai resolutely joined the army with enthusiasm. Unexpectedly, another trouble broke out between Suzong Li Heng and Yong Wang Lin, Xiao Qiang, and Li Lin was defeated and killed. Li Bai was also convicted and imprisoned, and was soon sentenced to Changliu Yelang (today's Tongzi area in Guizhou). At that time, the poet was in a dangerous situation where "everyone wanted to kill" (Du Fu's "Missing"), and Du Fu even mistakenly believed the rumors and wrote poems to express his deep sorrow. Li Bai traveled up Jiangxi and was pardoned and released when he reached Wushan. At this time, Li Bai was nearly sixty years old, but he was still ambitious. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761), he embarked on another journey to join Li Guangbi's counter-rebellion team, but he turned back due to illness on the way. In the first year of Baoying (762), Li Bai died of illness at the home of his uncle Li Yangbing from the Dangtu tribe, ending Li Bai's legendary life. There is "The Collection of Li Taibai".