Yang Wanli ⑴
After all, ⑴ the scenery of the West Lake is not the same as that of the four seasons in June.
The lotus leaves are infinitely bright in the next day, and
The lotus flowers reflecting the sun are different [5] red.
annotation explanation
1 Jingci Temple: a famous Buddhist temple near the West Lake in Hangzhou.
2 Lin zifang: the author's friend.
3 after all: after all.
4 seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
5 other: Song Dynasty proverb, special.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poetry
After all, it is the scenery of the West Lake in June.
The scenery is really different from other seasons.
Lotus leaves can never be seen in the sky.
Lotus flowers are especially bright and red in the sun.
Appreciation
The beauty of the West Lake has always been the object of description by literati, and this song by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique, which is worth savoring. "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June." The first sentence seems abrupt, but the actual sentence is atmospheric. Although the reader has not appreciated the beauty of the West Lake from the poem, he can already feel it from the poet's amazing tone. This sentence seems to be blurted out, which is the most intuitive feeling after being shocked and overjoyed, thus strengthening the beauty of the West Lake. Sure enough, "The lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers in the sun are different in color". The poet highlighted the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus flowers with a "blue" and a "red". The lotus leaves are boundless as if they are connected with the sky, and the weather is magnificent, which not only describes the infinity of lotus leaves, but also renders the grandeur of heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of space modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "Lotus" are in contrast, which makes the whole picture gorgeous and vivid. The whole poem is easy to understand, and the outstanding thing is to write the feelings first, and then describe the real situation, thus creating an effect of being empty first and then real. After reading it, you can really feel the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in June, which is "different from the four seasons".
Author's brief introduction
Yang Wanli (1127—126) was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Jishui, Jiangxi), whose name was Ting Xiu and Cheng Zhai. Shaoxing was a scholar in twenty-four years. When filial piety, the official went to the prince to serve. Guangzong was called secretary supervisor. Gongshi As one of the "Four Great Masters in Southern Song Dynasty". I began to learn "Jiangxi Poetry School", then studied Wang Anshi and the late Tang poetry, and finally became a family. He wrote more than 2, poems in his life. Can also be literate. There is "Cheng Zhai Ji".
Yang Wanli (AD 1127-126), whose name was Ting Xiu, was born in Nanxi, Jishui (now Jitang Village, Huangqiao Township). He was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, with the same fame as Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao, and was promoted as "the Four Masters of Zhongxing" by later generations.
on September 22nd (October 29th, 1127) in the first year of Jianyan, Yang Wanli was born. This is an era of wind and rain. Jinbing invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and captured Bianjing in leap November last year. In April this year, 3, people including Huizong, Emperor Qin and Emperor Song, Prince Zi and Zongqi were captured to the north, and the Northern Song Dynasty was declared extinct. In May, Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, ascended the throne for the sake of Emperor Gaozong, and established the Southern Song Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River. From then on, the Song and Jin wars and the long-term confrontation between the weak in the south and the strong in the north began.
Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight. Father Yang Guo (196-1164 AD), whose name was Wen Qing, was named Nanxi lay man. He is proficient in the Book of Changes, and often endures hunger and cold to buy books. After ten years, he has collected thousands of books. He once pointed to the collection of books and said to Yang Wanli, "It's the sage's heart that makes you angry!" (Hu Quan's "Yang Junwen Qing Ji Zhiming") Under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli studied very hard since childhood, and he was knowledgeable and persevering. At the age of 14, he worshipped Gao Shou Dao as a teacher, at the age of 17, he worshipped Wang Ting Cheng as a teacher, and at the age of 21, he worshipped Liu Anshi and Liu Tingzhi as teachers. In the spring of the twentieth year of Shaoxing (AD 115), he went to Lin 'an to take part in the ritual examination, but he came back last and continued his studies. At the age of 27, I worshipped Liu Caishao as my teacher. A few years later, when he was appointed as a householder in Ganzhou, his father took him to visit Zhang Jiucheng who lived in Nan 'an and Hu Zui who passed through Ganzhou. Wang Tingxuan, Zhang Jiucheng, Hu Quan and other predecessors' knowledge, moral integrity and patriotic spirit of advocating and resisting gold gave Yang Wanli an important influence.
In the spring of the 24th year of Shaoxing (AD 1154), Yang Wanli was a scholar and his wife. In the twenty-sixth year (AD 1156), he was awarded the title of secretary of Ganzhou to join the army. Twenty-nine years (AD 1159) in October, transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou. At that time, Zhang Po, the leader of the hawk faction, lived in Yongzhou and closed the door to thank guests. Yang Wanli went to worship his thirst three times, but could not see him. After that, he asked him by letter and was introduced by his son Zhang Wan. Zhang Jun said to him, "Yuan Fu is a noble man, and those with golden waist and purple waist are no different, but Zou Zhiwan and Chen Ying won glory with the sun and the moon!" (Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu" A compiled volume L) At the same time, he encouraged him to learn "sincerity". Yang Wanli obeyed his teachings for life, so he named his reading room "Chengzhai" to show his ambition. Hu Quan was living in Hengzhou at that time, and Yang Wanli asked him to write Cheng Zhai Ji for this purpose. For Cheng Lingling, "I got two teachers in one day" ("Postscript Zhang Weigong Answering Twelve Papers of Loyal Bamboo Slips and Hu Gongshu"), two patriotic ministers, Zhang Jun and Hu Quan, set an example for Yang Wanli to follow all his life.
in June of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (AD 1162), Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong, abdicated, and the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty changed greatly. Filial piety acceded to the throne, determined to recover, and used Zhang Po as a Tang envoy, and soon let him be the phase. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and transferred to Lin 'an. Recommended by Zhang Jun, except Professor Lin 'an. Before his appointment, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the second year because his father was ill. On August 4, my father died and stayed at home. "For three years, the family was not closed and polite.").
In the spring of the third year of the main road (A.D. 1167), Yang Wanli went to Lin 'an, and he was eager to see Chen Junqing, the deputy Tang Dynasty envoy, and Yu Yunwen, the ambassador of the pivot carpet, to discuss "Thousand Thoughts" in politics. Qiansi Ce is divided into 3 articles, including: Jun Dao, National Situation, Governing the Origin, Talents, Phases, Generals, Soldiers, Controlling Officials, Choosing Laws, Criminal Law, Redundant Officials and Civil Affairs. After reading it, Yu Yunwen said with admiration, "There is this figure in the southeast! If you recommend two people at the beginning, you should be headed by this person. " (Volume 4 of "Helin Yulu" Part B)
In the sixth year of the main road (AD 117), Yang Wanli removed the magistrate of Fengxin County, Longxing Prefecture. Just in time for the new drought, the people's lives are very difficult. When Yang Wanli took office on April 26th, he saw that the prison was full of people who couldn't pay the rent, but the government office-treasury was still empty, knowing that it was caused by exploitation among the officials. So he ordered that all the "prisoners" in the prison should be returned, and it was forbidden to arrest and whip the people, and then a paper notice was issued to each household to relax its tax amount and time limit. As a result, the people came to pay taxes voluntarily, and all the taxes owed were paid within one month. Although Feng Xin has only been in office for half a year, he has practiced his politics of not disturbing the people for the first time, and has achieved great success.
In October of the same year, Yang Wanli was recommended by Yu Yunwen, the right-hand man, to be a Beijing Palace except Dr. Guozi. The following year, Zhang Wei was pushed out to know Yuan Zhou because of his opposition to Hou Xing's taking charge of an important position and offending Yu Yunwen. Yang Wanli fought against Zhang Wan's improper removal, and wrote a letter to Yu Yunwen, exhorting him to talk.an excellent course, forgetting the public and the private, which was praised by the world. In July, I transferred to Dr. Taichang; In eight years, Mardan was promoted to Tai Chang ZE, and all the officials were right to treat Langguan; In April of nine years, he will be transferred to less prison. In the first month of the first year of Chunxi (1174), in addition to knowing Zhangzhou, he did not forget to write a letter when he left, and advised the emperor to quit being greedy and honest. After illness, he did not go to work and lived at home for three years. Chunxi came to Changzhou in the spring of four years.
in the first month of the sixth year of Chunxi (AD 1179), in addition to raising the official business of tea and salt in Changping, Guangdong. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February, staying for nearly a year, and left Jishui for Guangdong in the first month of seven years. In February, 1988, he was transferred to Guangdong to raise a prison. In winter, Fujian "stole" Shen Shi into Meizhou, and he led his troops to pacify him. He was called "the courage of the benevolent" by Xiaozong and gave him a secret cabinet. In July, 1999, her stepmother died and left her post in mourning.
In the 11th year of Chunxi (A.D. 1184), he was removed from the army in October. He was called to Beijing as the right lang of Shangshu, and later served as the foreign lang of the official department. In May of the twelfth year, except for the official department card shark, he should write a letter to discuss current affairs. Wang Huai, the prime minister of Sai Xiang, asked "what is the most urgent task for the prime minister", and Yang Wanli answered with "the most urgent task for talents", and listed the Book of Recommended Scholars, recommending 6 people, including Zhu Jiao, who are all upright people. Filial piety relatives encouraged him to read for the prince, who wrote the word "Chengzhai". In the thirteenth year of Chunxi, he was transferred to the Privy Council to inspect the detailed palace. He served as a right-handed doctor and a left-handed doctor in Shangshu Province, and still served as an attendant in the East Palace. In October of the 14th year, he served as a secretary with less supervision. In March of the 15th year, Xiao Zong accepted the proposal of Hong Mai, a bachelor of Hanlin, and offered Lv Yihao and others to worship the Gaozong Temple. Yang Wanli strives for the match of Zhang Jun, the main battle star, and accuses Hong Mai of not concentrating on discussion and acting arbitrarily, which is tantamount to "pointing a deer at a horse" and annoys Xiaozong: "Why does Wan Li take the alliance as the Lord?" Therefore, the secret pavilion was cut off, and the silk state (now Gao' an, Jiangxi) was known.
in February of the 16th year (AD 1189), Guangzong received meditation. Yang Wanli returned to the Secret Pavilion in May, was called in August, and went to Beijing in September. He even wrote three letters, asking Guangzong to take care of talents and prevent adulterers from "being diligent for one day, frugal for two days, off for three days, being close to the gentleman on the day of imprisonment, and telling the truth on five days" ("The Third Letter"). In October, except for the secretary. Because Shao Xi changed to Yuan Dynasty, he borrowed the bachelor of Huan Zhangge to fill in the ambassador of Zheng Dan, accompanied by Jin Guohe, and also recorded the review officer of the hospital.
In August of the first year of Shaoxi (A.D. 119), Xiao Zong's Calendar was compiled. As usual, Yang Wanli, the secretary supervisor, should preface the Calendar, but the minister of the slaughter asked others. Yang Ting robbed himself of his duty and asked to leave his post, but Guangzong retained him. Then, because he was going to enter the book "Shengzheng" by Xiaozong, the Zaichen took him as an official, but Xiaozong was still nostalgic and unhappy, so he went out to Jiangdong to transfer the agreement.
In the second year of Shaoxi (AD 1192), the court ordered the exercise of iron money clubs in various counties in the south of the Yangtze River, and Yang Wanli wrote a letter to remonstrate and disobey the imperial edict, which offended Zaichen, so he changed his knowledge of Ganzhou. I didn't go, and I was excused from illness in August and returned to Jishui. "If a sick crane comes out of the cage, it is like throwing a rabbit into the forest ... Since then, it has been hidden from the world" ("Answer to Shen Zishou").
In the first year of Qing Yuan (AD 1195), Ning Zong was called to Beijing, but Yang Wanli refused to go. In September, Sheng Huan Zhang Ge was to be made, and Xingguo Palace was promoted. In the first month of four years, the founding son of Jishui County was sealed, and there were 5 households in the food city. In March of five years, he was promoted to Baowenge to be an official. In December, 26, he became the founder of Jishui County. In August of Jiatai's third year (AD 123), he was admitted to Baomo Pavilion for a bachelor's degree and was given clothes. In the first month of four years, when Luling County was founded, it added 3 food cities. In the first year of Kai Xi (AD 125), he was called to Beijing and resigned. In February, 22, he was promoted to Bachelor's degree in Baomo Pavilion.
Yang Wanli vowed not to be an official in his later years. It is said that he was dissatisfied with Han Ni, a powerful minister. Han Zhu South Garden asked him to be a "keeper", and he said, "The official can be abandoned, but whether he can remember or not can also be done! "Give it a firm refusal. Later, because of Korea's expertise in Japan, he became worried and angry and quickly became ill. Knowing that he is deeply concerned about the country, his family is afraid to tell all the current political news. On May 7th, the second year of the jubilee (AD 126), a family of nephews came from outside, unaware of their laziness. So when Yang Wanli heard about Han Niwei's invasion of the Northern Expedition in Dibao, he burst into tears and sighed angrily: "The treacherous court official made a mistake, and as for this!" He knew that Han Ni's stomach was lucky, and if she acted rashly, she would inevitably fail and harm the country, and she could not sleep all night that night. The next morning, he refused to eat again, and sat in the study, calling out a paper and writing a cloud: "Han Ni's treacherous court official monopolized the yuan Lord, mobilized troops to cripple the people, and sought to sleep in a dangerous society." With such a head, I have no choice but to be lonely and angry! " Don't say goodbye to your wife and children in 14 words, and the pen falls away. At the age of 8. Give YiWen Festival, posthumously to Dr. GuangLu. Yang Wanli is an ardent patriot and a sober politician. Throughout his life, he argued for the war of resistance and always opposed bending his knees to make peace. In many "books", "strategies" and "Zazi" written by the emperor, he repeatedly lamented the illness of the Chen family, tried his best to avoid the mistake of surrender, and his patriotism was beyond words. Faced with the situation that the Central Plains is ruined and the country is only half-baked, he pointedly pointed out: "Those who are the country of the world can't help forgetting the enemy, and the worries of the world are even greater than this!" ("Thousands of considerations? "on the national situation") warned the rulers to always remember to prepare for the enemy to seek the enemy and defend the enemy to win. He not only boldly criticized Xiaozong's defeat after the departure of the symbol, "the courage of the day before yesterday changed into timidity, but the sharpness of the day before yesterday changed into dullness" (ibid., Jundao Zhong), but also resolutely opposed some people's easy use of troops and blind rashness, and advocated a positive and prudent strategy of "keeping and taking" ("Seeking a Book from Chen Ying"), making steady progress, first consolidating national strength and then trying to recover, in order to finally win. He valued and sympathized with the people, saying, "People are the fate of the country, but officials are also enemies." ("Thousands of considerations? Civil affairs ") ties the fate of the country to the people, and denouncing officials will only crush the people and arouse their hatred, anger and resistance. Therefore, he reminded Guangzong to save money, collect wealth, win the hearts of the people, make the people rich and then make the country peaceful, and rejuvenate the country. This is the point ("Turn to Zazi") q These all show Yang Wanli's profound knowledge and progressive thoughts.
yang Wanli is a straightforward person with a strong personality. Filial piety disparaged him as "not straight in the law", while Guangzong called him "also full of temperament" (Volume 4 of A of He Lin Yu Lu). He stood upright in the court, dared to speak out when something happened, criticized the current disadvantages, and had no scruples, so he was never of great use. In fact, all his life, he regarded official wealth as our exhibition, ready to spit on it. When I was in Beijing Palace, I prepared the travelling expenses for going home from Hangzhou in advance, locked them in a box and hid them in the bedroom, and forbade my family not to buy anything, so as not to be burdened with luggage once I left my job and returned to my hometown, so I would "urge them to pack every day". This is in stark contrast to those who struggle for promotion and suffer from loss.
Yang Wanli is honest and upright as an official, does not disturb the people, and is not greedy for money and things. When Jiangdong's transshipment agreement expires, he should have more than ten thousand dollars. He abandoned it all in the official library and returned without a penny. Retire above Nanxi, in the first area of my old house, just to avoid the wind and rain. At that time, the poet Xu Ji (A.D. 1162-1214) praised him as "as clean as water, but poor only with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"), which is a true portrayal of his poor life.
Yang Wanli's poems had a great influence at that time: "Who is the master in today's poetry world, and the poetry law of Chengzhai is being implemented." (Jiang Teli's "Xie Yangcheng Zhai Hui Long Sentence") "Four Seas Chengzhai Dominating Poetry." (Xiang Anshi's "Two Poems Rewarding Pan Yang with Rhyme") His poetry creation has gone through a road from extensive learning to learning from many teachers to facing reality and learning from nature. He started with Jiangxi Poetry School at first, and then set himself on fire in Lingling in 32 years in Shaoxing to write as few as a thousand poems, and decided to jump out of the trap of Jiangxi Poetry School, and his poetry style changed. Later, he learned Chen Shidao's five-character law; Learn Wang Anshi's seven-character quatrains again; And learn the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty; To "Poetry in the Reform Movement of 1898", people in the Tang Dynasty in politely decline and all the gentlemen in Wang, Chen and Jiangxi were afraid to learn, and then they were delighted. "Since then," Vientiane has come to dedicate it to poetry ","The former has not done it, but the latter has been forced, and it is difficult to write poetry "(Introduction to Jingxi Collection). Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors, but he was never fixed by his predecessors, but determined to surpass them. He said: "I don't know that there are predecessors in the pen." "I am ashamed of myself," he added. "Writers have their own affairs, and Huang (Ting Jian) and Chen (Shi Dao) rest their feet under the fence, while Tao (Yuan Ming) and Xie (Ling Yun) stand out before leaving." ("Postscript Xu Gongzhong's Poems on the Recent Work in the Province") It was with this pioneering and innovative spirit that he refused to follow others' heels that he finally "lost all his fur and expressed it on his own" (Lv Liuliang, Wu Zhizhen and Wu Zimu's "Song Poetry Notes?" Cheng Zhai Shi Chao), don't turn all the way, form a unique poetic style, create his "Cheng Zhai style", be unique in the history of poetry, and establish his own poetic school.
Yang Wanli's poetry works are eclectic and varied, with both the heroic escape momentum of "returning to a thousand troops, toppling the Three Gorges, penetrating the heavenly heart and penetrating the moon cave" and the "physical posture".