The theme of this poem is great. However, the importance of theme does not guarantee the greatness of art, although it may assist great art. The major theme is only the "midwife" of great art, not the "producer"-mother. Great art requires a mother's arduous gestation and painful delivery, which the midwife has never paid; Midwives have no right to share the glory and comfort of being mothers. In this place, we can't snob, because the position of obstetrician is flattering the beauty of the baby; Needless to say, there is no need to flatter the baby because of the mother's position.
There is a flaw in this poem. In the middle of the poem, four place names are juxtaposed together, just like a whole team during military training. People with bright ears can hear four place names and shout "one, two, three, four"-this arrangement is too dull. King Robin loved to fight with numbers and was ridiculed as a "doctor"; Mao can also be a geography teacher, because he writes like a map. The ancients had a lot of discussions about the use of place names in poems, such as whether the place names can be used for nothing, because the place names used in many poems are completely opposite to the actual geography and cannot be checked by maps; It seems that when people in the Ming and Qing dynasties studied Tang poetry, there was a school that loved to embed beautiful place names that were easy to enter poetry into the whole page as a poetry formula. I didn't make a detailed investigation. I wonder if they use the attitude of "I note six classics" to note mountain classics and water classics in their poems. One of the concerns of predecessors about place names is that they are required to be used without making people feel piled up. Mao's four sentences and four places, plus "Minshan", travel to five mountains in one poem. Li Bai used five place names in four sentences of Yuege on Mount Emei, but the uneven level was not noticed when reading a travel manual, so it has been appreciated since ancient times. This poem can be recited by children, so let's quote it and compare it with Mao: "Emei Mountain falls on the Pingqiang River in the autumn of half a month. Qingxi went to the Three Gorges at night, and the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou. " Li Bai skillfully embedded several place names in some relationships; The moon on Mount Emei, the shadow will fall into the river, so the "flat cavity" will be hooked; He took a boat from "Qingxi" to "Three Gorges", and they never left, and they were close. The "Three Gorges" peak is high and the sky is narrow, so the moon is invisible. He couldn't help but miss it, so he ran downstream to "Yuzhou" in this nostalgia. By the way, he has a reasonable network of contacts, in which the appearance of every place name is inevitable, unlike Cheng's "killing halfway". Place names are not strangers in Lu Yu, but you called me and led me around, as if a group of friends were going out for a short trip. This broke the stereotype. When painters paint many people, they also ask them to talk to each other and cooperate with each other in a certain scene. This painting is smart and natural, unlike the mechanical arrangement of military parade; This truth is related to poetry writing. Holding the photos of Mao and Li Bai, we can't help but feel that Mao's handwriting is too neatly folded.
When Mao wrote the Long March, he paid no attention to the experience of the ancients. He only piled boxes into the warehouse and never tried to decorate the living room with furniture. His four place names seem to be told in the order of marching, but this relationship is not specified in the article, nor does it deal with and influence place names like Li Bai. There are several kinds of relationships between place names in Li Bai's poems, which are more complicated. We can find almost the same place name relationship with Mao, which lies in Du Fu. Du Fu's masterpiece "Wen Champion Official Accepts Yu Ji" concludes: "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! "The same four place names, the same time sequence, and more dense, only squeezed into two sentences. It seems that Du Fu is very strict with himself. He not only wants to loosen the existing rigidity, but also insists on using the most rigid arrangement to create the effect of quick flow, which is just in line with his carefree victory and urgent mood of returning home. His method is very simple, that is, to point out the inheritance relationship with the words "Qi, Tong, Xia and Zhi". He deliberately chose the place names with the words "Gorge and Yang", which strengthened the rigid side more and more; As long as you have the ability to make rigid things flow, the greater the rigidity, the more prominent the flow, and the rigid energy will be added to the flow. Just like a war, as long as you can win, the stronger your opponent is, the richer your gains will be, and all your opponent's grain, grass and guns will be swept on you.
The four place names of Mao's poems are completely parallel, and there is no mutual understanding between sentences and places, which also has a consequence: the poems have not been promoted and transformed, but just circled in the same place, as if passers-by met a ghost. When reading Mao's other works, I encountered similar impressions to varying degrees, which made people feel that Mao's writing was too dull and lacked a sense of depth. Talking about the Long March alone, beating around the bush like that, will aggravate the rigid energy. Moreover, he squeezed four place names in the middle of the couplet, especially as an omission. The two couplets of metrical poems have to confront each other. This form of meter is very rigid. Instead of trying to avoid the weakness of metrical poetry, Mao made it worse. Mao's two couplets are dense and crowded. Without the adjustment of function words, it is not only worse, but also the frost and snow solidify into ice, which affects the vivid sense of change. When Huang Tingjian writes metrical poems, he often makes them more fluent and endless. He realized that the opposition between the two poems would bring about congenital fetal diseases, so he tried to remedy it the day after tomorrow. Mao looked down on the Song people, perhaps because he could not see the sufferings and benefits of the Song people.
Mao wrote the couplets in the middle so thick that they were insoluble and inseparable, and the board could not be dug. In contrast, the first and second couplets are getting thinner and thinner. The meaning density of the first two sentences is very small, because the next sentence just repeats the previous one. The couplets at the end are also sparse. When reading, we are under the same pressure as the two couplets in the middle. When the pressure at the end of the couplet is removed by violence, our hearts will stumble, and the more we feel that the couplet at the end is light. Of course, some people may say, let's suddenly float at the end of the combination, which is exactly what Mao wants. What he wants is this effect, which makes him feel relaxed when he completes the March. Everyone has his own opinion. I don't refute, just point out that this view can't excuse the clumsy stagnation of the two couplets in the middle. Taken together, the two couplets in the middle make the whole article not very balanced. In the ancient tradition, the conventional seven-method method always focuses on the middle two couplets, and it is easy to write the first two couplets and the last two couplets weakly. I remember a modern man-he is a painter or calligrapher, and he can also write old poems, but unfortunately his name has been forgotten-he told himself about his experience in writing old poems, saying that when he made metrical poems, he first made the two couplets in the middle, and then made up the first two couplets; This example shows that the author despises the first and last couplets, from which we can see the extreme influence brought by the writing tradition, and at the same time expose the possible disadvantages of this tradition; Things always show their true meaning in extreme cases. The formation of this tradition has natural roots in rhyme and meter, and it is too difficult to be a Zhonglian, forcing everyone to pay attention to Zhonglian involuntarily; Once these two links are done well, the effect will be very outstanding, and everyone just wants to sell them there. This tradition will also affect the reading psychology, so that experienced readers are not sensitive to the weak situation of the first and second couplet when reading, and most of them are regarded as normal. Therefore, under this tradition of writing and reading, if Mao does not take the lead in naming, and the middle does not appear to oppress the beginning and end, the problem of balance can be ignored. Unfortunately, Mao has too many couplets. If you close your eyes, it will make a hole and open your eyes. There are so-called "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail" in the common language of the article, and Mao's poems really look like a full pig belly in the middle; As for the head, it may not be necessary to call it "earthworm head" by borrowing the so-called "earthworm head and mouse tail" in the book "Disease", but we finally feel that its tail is a bit like the snake tail in "anticlimactic".
References:
/question/ 1568 154 . html
Respondents: Happy _ Meimei-Magician Level 4 10- 18 08:45
Wanshui Qian Shan is just idle.
Five ridges winding, blue waves rippling,
Wumeng is majestic, taking mud pills.
Jinsha water pats the clouds and cliffs warm,
Interviewee: dzrong 2006- Scholar II 10- 18 08:55
Qilu long March
The Red Army is not afraid of expedition.
Wanshui Qian Shan is just idle.
Five ridges winding, blue waves rippling,
Wumeng is majestic, taking mud pills.
Jinsha water pats the clouds and cliffs warm,
The beams of Dadu Bridge are cold.
I prefer the snow in Minshan,
After the three armies, everyone laughed.
1935 10 month
Translate poetry
Is the Red Army afraid of the hardships of the expedition?
It's a piece of cake.
The five mountains meander slightly,
The steep Wumeng Mountain also flows under your feet like a mud ball.
The waves of Jinsha River beat the warm cliffs,
A cold iron cable bridge spans the Dadu River.
What I am most happy about is the snow in Minshan.
After that, all the soldiers of the three armed forces smiled.
The Seven Laws Long March (1935. 10) Mao Zedong
The Red Army is not afraid of expedition.
Wanshui Qian Shan is just idle.
Five ridges winding, blue waves rippling,
Wumeng is majestic, taking mud pills.
Jinsha water pats the clouds and cliffs warm,
The beams of Dadu Bridge are cold.
I prefer the snow in Minshan,
After the three armies, everyone laughed.
To annotate ...
Long March: The Central Red Army departed from Jiangxi and Fujian in October 1934 10, and arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935 10.
The journey is more than 25 thousand miles.
Wuling: Dayuling, Qitianling, Dupangling, Zhumengling, Yuechengling or Nanling, across Jiangxi,
Between Hunan and Guangdong.
Wandering (wei 1 yi2): winding and continuous.
Wumeng: A mountain range on the south bank of Jinsha River between Yunnan and Guizhou.
Walking on the Mud Pill: Kuaitong Zhuan in Hanshu, walking in Osakanoe, rolling down the Mud Pill from the slope, describes the rapid beating.
Iron cable: Luding Bridge on the Dadu River is a bridge composed of thirteen iron cables.
Minshan: At the junction of Sichuan and Gansu, it is about four kilometers above sea level. 1In September, 935, the Red Army's Long March passed here.
Make an appreciative comment
The Long March is such a great and complicated topic. Chairman Mao condensed its landscape with a short seven-step song, which contains many thrilling, tortuous and tragic stories. The poet wrote the themes of the Long March, such as recalling Qin E's Loushanguan, three 16-character poems, Nian Nujiao Kunlun Mountain and Qingpingle Liupanshan Mountain. These poems are all about a scene, a place, and express their feelings in this way, with emphasis on the side. As can be seen from the title, this "Long March" is about the whole process and feelings of the Long March. The poet took a step from the front, wrote in all directions with a fluent pen, and the scenery changed forward. A poem with eight lines and seven methods has traveled 25,000 miles, presenting a huge all-encompassing theme.
The first couplet of this poem is the forerunner of the whole poem. From the beginning, it shows that the Red Army is not afraid of difficulties and regards Qian Shan's long journey as a piece of cake. It not only says that the Red Army is not afraid of natural difficulties, but also clearly implies that the besieged enemy is not worth mentioning. For the Red Army, they are just idle people and vulnerable.
Then, the four sentences of couplet and neck couplet stand out from the vast external and internal space created by the first couplet and enter the specific details. The poet calmly told us "What is Qianshan". The poet began to get used to using his exquisite swordsmanship, beautiful and magical place names and verbs naturally. The successive appearance of a series of geographical terms such as Wuling, Wumeng, Jinsha and Daduqiao (the characteristics of Mao's poems have been discussed before, and I don't need to repeat them) not only explains the progression of stories, but also explains the emotional progression caused by psychological feelings. Artistic modeling is also extremely neat, from mountains to water. What mountain is it? "Winding" and "majestic" are mountains and mountains, but in the eyes of poets, they are like small waves and small mud balls, which are not worth mentioning. Its essence is to artistically reproduce the Red Army's disdain for all difficulties and obstacles and regard them as trivial matters. This artistic process of reappearance is realized by flowing contrast and exaggeration, with no effort, relying on years of observation of life and artistic accomplishment. So what kind of water is this? The Jinsha River water is lapping at the gentle cliffs, and the artistic conception is wonderful and the scenery itself is picturesque. The author did not give a positive description of the Jinsha River Battle here, because the situation was also urgent. On May 3rd, 1935, cadres of the Central Red Army, pursued by powerful enemy forces, crossed the Lugong winch in Yunnan. Nine days later, Kuya sneaked through the Jinsha River, annihilated the enemy on the other side and broke through the encirclement. For such a thrilling victory, the poet used symbolic synaesthesia art to hide the harsh battle, but wrote the river as cold as spring flowers. It was leisurely patting the cliff of Jiajiang, and the poet was able to express the joy of victory like spring water on the river bank. Secondly, the ice-cold iron cable bridge across the Dadu River. The Red Army's capture of Luding Bridge was the most heroic and incredible battle in the Long March. Although it is not a large-scale naval battle, it is a personal battle of genius and elite soldiers, a bloody battle, and an ideal battle like a whirlwind. Really ask the Red Army Eagle to fly over Luding Bridge. At that time, the Red Army had just crossed the Jinsha River, "jumped out of the circle of hundreds of thousands of enemies under siege and achieved a decisive victory in strategic shift" (Liu Bocheng's Review of the Long March). It is difficult to cross the Dadu River at once. Even Shi Dakai, a famous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom star, was defeated in the Dadu River and ended up in a tragic end. However, under the leadership of the great poet Mao Zedong, the Red Army successfully crossed the bridge in one fell swoop, that is, the eighteen warriors we were familiar with since childhood were armed to the teeth, climbed the hanging cold chain and seized the bridgehead of the enemy. Subsequent troops were able to cross the Dadu River along this bridge. For this earth-shattering battle, the poet only used the word "iron rope cold" to make the scene vivid and heroic. The words "warm" and "cold" in these two sentences contain endless meanings, including relaxation and competition, ups and downs and natural brilliance.
In the last two lines, the poet finally expressed his heartfelt joy after the victory of the Long March. The destination of the 25,000-mile battle has arrived, and the three armed forces are always close at hand, and the whole army is smiling. According to Chairman Mao's comment on writing1958 65438+February 2 1: "Three armies: the first, second and fourth armies of the Red Army. It is not the army, navy and air force, nor the upper, middle and lower armed forces mentioned by the State of Jin. "
The word "happier" is well used, euphemistically speaking, it refers to the ileum, almost adding joy to joy; The word "three services" is well used. Nature was beautiful in ancient China. In addition, according to Chairman Mao himself, it refers to the Red Army, the Second Army and the Fourth Army at that time. This ancient "three armed forces" adds beauty to the people of China today. Isn't it commendable that the antelope has achieved double beauty?
Poetic background
Taking the two famous battles of crossing the Dadu River and flying over the Luding Bridge as examples, they think that the reason why the Red Army's Long March can win a series of victories mentioned in the poem Long March is because the ordinary soldiers of the Red Army are brave and tenacious and the senior generals are of high quality. There are many people from Whampoa Military Academy, such as Nie Rongzhen and Lin Biao. They have teachers and students, and their strategic and tactical level is very high. The Red Army has mainly achieved the following points:
1. The Red Army is fast in marching, quick in tactical actions, quick in occupying positions and quick in launching attacks. Before crossing the Dadu River, we must first occupy the ferry Anshun Field on the west bank (now under the jurisdiction of Shimian County). On May 24th, Yang Dezhi, head of the 1935 regiment, and Li Lin, political commissar, led the Red 1 regiment to March in the rain. When 10 broke into the center of Anshun Street that night, the enemy was playing mahjong and playing the piano in the house. On the way to the Long March, the Red 4 Regiment, which has repeatedly made outstanding achievements, was ordered to take Luding Bridge as the vanguard. On May 27th, they marched 40 kilometers while fighting. The next morning, they were ordered by the Military Commission to seize Luding Bridge on the 29th. At this time, they are still 120 kilometers away from Luding Bridge, and the mountains overlap along the way, and they have to be intercepted by the enemy, which is impossible for ordinary people to complete. Red 4 regiment marched day and night in the heavy rain, chewing raw rice to satisfy hunger and drinking rain to quench thirst. Finally arrived at the west bank of Luding Bridge at 6 am on the 29th, creating a miracle.
2. Political work. 1863, Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led the army to cross the Dadu River several times and was completely annihilated. 72 years later, the Kuomintang declared that it would make the Central Red Army "the second in Shi Dakai". 1 935 On May 25th, 17, before the commandos crossed the river, Yang Dezhi, the head of the Red1regiment, made a mobilization speech: If we can't cross the Dadu River, the Red Army will be wiped out by the Kuomintang troops; Open the channel, there is hope for the China revolution. The hope of the Red Army rests on you. This made the warriors of 17 and other soldiers of the Red 1 regiment know the burden on their shoulders and greatly inspired their fighting spirit.
3. The decision is decisive. After the Red Army successfully crossed the Dadu River, it was unable to bridge because of the urgent water. At the same time, there was only one boat, and the transportation speed was slow. The enemy is gathering in Anshun field from all directions. If the Red Army does not cross the river in time and make a final resistance, it is likely to repeat the mistakes of Shi Dakai. On May 26th, 1935, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai immediately decided to seize the Luding Bridge to the north according to the enemy's situation.
4. Tactics are appropriate. On May 25th, when 17 commandos forced the crossing of Dadu River, Red 1 regiment concentrated six heavy machine guns, dozens of light machine guns and three mortars, and gunner Zhao Zhangcheng destroyed the enemy's bunker on the other side, which ensured the commandos to cross the river smoothly. When the Red Fourth Regiment flew to Luding Bridge on May 29, the 22 nd Commando also attacked the other side in front, and the third regiment behind paved the bridge with wooden boards and charged at the same time. All the other side's firepower blocked the other side's counterattack. That's it. This is a success.
5. Brave and tenacious style, dare to fight and rush. It is said that the brave win when they meet in the narrow road. Twenty-two soldiers of the Red 4 Regiment are desperate for the bridge. They braved the bullets and climbed from Luding Bridge to the other side. The enemy couldn't believe his eyes and was shocked for a moment. Some Red Army soldiers were hit by stray bullets and fell into the torrent, but others continued to rush forward. When the enemy set fire to the bridge, the Red Army soldiers rushed through the sea of fire.
Content interpretation
The Seven Laws of the Long March is the most famous poem of Mao Zedong, which is emotionally different from the poems written during the Long March and Jinggangshan before Lazikou Battle. It is said that in 1957, Mao Zedong mentioned the Long March when talking about his poetry creation: the Long March was full of twists and turns, and success was less than difficulty. The mood is gloomy. After crossing Minshan Mountain, it suddenly became clear, and another village emerged. This poem shows Mao Zedong's confidence in the future of China's revolution.
In the Long March, the mountains that the Red Army crossed in the Long March were compared to "small waves" and "mud pills". Only by holding the world in mind, despising all difficulties and setbacks, and overlooking the hard course of more than two years with a broad mind can we have such momentum and show revolutionary optimism. Mao Zedong used only 56 words, which concentrated on the invincible heroism of the Red Army and vividly described the thrilling scene of the Long March. His wisdom, heroism and great spirit of not sticking to details are fully reflected here. Although I am deeply touched by the Long March, the great personality strength of a generation of leaders has been fully reflected again.
Mao Zedong has always advocated making the past serve the present, but Mao Zedong borrowed the format of classical poetry, but it didn't hurt the meaning because of the form. In this poem, the first four rhymes are 14 cold, and the last rhyme is 15 deleted. The ancients separated the two rhymes, but Mao Zedong broke this rule and creatively reformed the meter of ancient poetry in order to express his feelings. It should be noted that although the poet does not pursue the perfection of form, his poems are still neat.