The title of the poem is "Chrysanthemum before the eaves". This poem uses chrysanthemum as a gift and chamomile as a metaphor for a gentleman. Many people are like villains, but it's too late to hurt the gentleman, and the villains blend into the throne. Du Yi: There are two kinds of chrysanthemums, sweet and bitter. The sweet one can be used as medicine, and the bitter one is like chrysanthemum, so it is called Job's tears. Yunxiang obscene is also Coix lachryma. It moved very late. After transplantation. If the root is lost, it means it is lost.
Appreciation of "Chrysanthemum" Image in Du Fu's Tanting Qianchamomile
"Mei Zhu Lan Ju", the four gentlemen among flowers, is an image favored by poets and often appears in classical poetry, which has been immortal in the long river of classical poetry. In addition to their beautiful and elegant external forms, what is even more touching is the precious quality they symbolize and the noble spiritual character they imply. In the repeated chanting of poets in past dynasties, "Mei Zhu Lan Ju" has become a classic image endowed with a specific meaning.
In particular, the image of "chrysanthemum" is rich in meaning. "The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" records that "chrysanthemums have yellow flowers". Appeared in literary works, starting from Qu Yuan's Lisao, "Drink Mulan early and Qiuju late." Since then, "Chrysanthemum" has become a beautiful representative and a symbol of good personality. "Autumn Chrysanthemum Banquet" confirms the edible records of chrysanthemum, which is in line with the meaning that chrysanthemum is endowed with good luck and longevity in ancient myths and legends in China. Among the poems of past dynasties, there are many masterpieces of chanting chrysanthemums. Tao Yuanming's "Home Book of the Republic of China" "Fang Jukai Lin Yao, Song Qingyan Guanju. With this beauty, it is outstanding for the cream. " Bai Juyi's "Chanting Chrysanthemum" "The new frost is as light as the tile overnight, and the banana defeats the lotus. Cold tolerance is just a hedge chrysanthemum, and the golden millet is clearer at first dawn. " Yuan Zhen's "Chrysanthemum" "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Li Shangyin's "Chrysanthemum" is "stealing the purple and melting the yellow. They have the color of Tao Yuanming's Hedgerow and the fragrance of Lohan House. Chrysanthemum is not afraid of wet dew, but afraid of the arrival of the sunset. May the golden parrot be promoted to Bai Yutang. " In Tao's poems, the images of chrysanthemums and pine trees coexist, becoming the embodiment of noble sentiments, reflecting the poet's lifelong pursuit of noble character; In the white poem, Chrysanthemum is the fighter of Ao Shuang Aoxue. Under the background of "plantain" and "defeated lotus", the image of a strong man roared out, which can best reflect the Confucian personality of the poet "power cannot be bent, poverty cannot be moved" In Yuan Zhen's poems, chrysanthemum is the most beautiful ornament in the leisurely scene when the sun goes down, and it is the most natural expression of the poet's "there are hills and valleys in his chest and the bottom of his pen becomes blue", which complements the poet's true temperament. In Li's poems, chrysanthemum presents a lingering artistic feature because of the poet's amorous feelings.
In the works of different poets, even the same object has unique aesthetic characteristics and emotional implications due to different subjective feelings. Therefore, the same image has different meanings in different poems to create artistic conception and sublimate the theme. In Du Fu's Chrysanthemum, the image of "Chrysanthemum" embodies the poet's deep feelings and unique ideological style. The author intends to make a detailed and in-depth appreciation of the "chrysanthemum" image in Du Fu's "Chrysanthemum" from the literary and cultural tradition to which this image belongs. Du Fu's "Dried Chrysanthemum in front of Tan Ting";
The chamomile in front of the eaves moved late, and the green core was difficult to pick.
What's the use of waking up tomorrow?
How fragrant the hedges in the wild are, picking and opening the middle temple.
Branches and leaves grow out of the mill hole, and the roots are gone.
"The meaning expressed by aesthetic images is neither mysterious providence, heaven, nor the ethics of religious society, but the personal feelings of the creator, the life experience and aesthetic experience he gained from his own life activities." 1 The choice of images in the poet's poems reflects the psychological activities of the poet's artistic conception and is full of the poet's emotional experience, which is closely related to the poet's life experience. The chrysanthemum image in this poem should be the poet's own situation. Zhu Minglun commented on this poem: "Du Fu once took part in the imperial examination, but failed to take part in the special imperial edict of Xuanzong. He was appreciated by Xuanzong for giving gifts three times, but he has not been appointed to Jixian College. " . How similar it is to chamomile! How can you not sigh? "The chrysanthemum in front of the eaves, because it was transplanted late, failed to blossom in the environment of the Double Ninth Festival. After that, there was no happy atmosphere of the Double Ninth Festival, and the interest of the flower watchers turned from strong to weak until the end of the song. What's the use of your gorgeous opening? The wild flowers on the fence are carefully picked. Because chamomile was born at the wrong time, even if the buds were covered with branches, no one stopped to enjoy it. It will overcome the fate of fighting cruel wind and frost. This poem was written in Tianbao 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. This year, Yang repeatedly hinted that An Lushan opposed it, which was not believed by Tang Xuanzong. On the contrary, An Lushan was entrusted with an important task. Mina Lee attacked Nanzhao and was wiped out in Taihe City. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty faced serious internal and external troubles. In his poem, the poet lamented that the chamomile in front of the court was born at an untimely time, which was really a sigh that he had no chance to do his bit for the country to quell the rebellion. Du Fu has read many poems and books, and has a high patriotic enthusiasm, but his ambition is always difficult to pay. The poet's rich life experience is intertwined with the majestic social background and the background of the times, and the abstract emotional experience condenses into a chrysanthemum image. " Chamomile has excellent medicinal value, but it is not picked by people. Poets are full of knowledge, but they can't be reused by kings, and finally they end up "moving late". Poets and chrysanthemums have a similar fate, and chrysanthemums are a portrayal of the image in the poet's mind. Qiu said: "This poem uses the chrysanthemum of the court as a gift. Chamomile is like a gentleman, and many people are like a villain. It's too late to hurt a gentleman, but a villain is in charge. Wang Siyuan said that "poetry is based on its own situation", and they are absolutely correct.
"Chrysanthemum" is a symbol of indomitable spirit. In this poem, chrysanthemum, as a specific image, conveys to us the indomitable faith and courage of the poet. In China's traditional cultural system, "peach, plum, apricot, begonia and other flowers in the third spring are increasingly regarded as opposites and called vulgar things. Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are increasingly regarded as symbols of elegant personality. " Zheng Sixiao said: "It is better to die holding incense in the branches than being blown into the north wind." Du Fu's Nine Days in Yun 'an: "Cold flowers are exhausted and chrysanthemums are full of branches. Old friends are frequently different, and light fragrant wine is temporarily followed. "Su Shi's Zhao Changhan's Residence": "Light muscles and weak bones scatter secluded flowers, which makes gold and gold glow. If you want to know the medicine for prolonging life for the elderly, the grass will start to bloom. "Wen Zhiming's Ode to Chrysanthemum": "Chrysanthemums bloom and fall, and the courtyard is full of autumn colors. Everywhere, I dance alone in the west wind. "Poets of past dynasties chanted chrysanthemums, all around the indomitable spirit of chrysanthemums and the theme of daring to challenge the cold environment. Modern poet Wen Yiduo vividly expressed the virtuous character of chrysanthemum in his poem "Recalling Chrysanthemum": "Ah! The flower of the East, the flower of poets and scholars! Isn't Tao Liangyuan, the soul of oriental poetry, the embodiment of your soul? Isn't it an auspicious day for you to be born when your motherland climbs high and drinks? You are not like the eager rose here, nor can the humble violet compare with you. You are a flower with history and customs. Ah! 4,000-year-old flower! You have a glorious history and elegant customs! "Chrysanthemum is a symbol of elegant personality and a sublimation of positive and optimistic national spirit. In Du Fu's poems, the image of "chrysanthemum" bears the poet's noble personality and style, and the poem's tail couplet plays a role of "combination" in the transition from inheritance to integration. Many poems often use Zhang Xianzhi's expression, so the meaning carried by the poem's tail couplet is particularly important in expressing the theme of the poem. At the end of this poem, "The maiden has long branches and leaves, and her roots are lost, and the wind and frost are entangled." It seems that it is sighing that the chrysanthemum branches are long and leafy, but it can't avoid the blow of ice and snow. In fact, it reflects the spirit of frost and snow of chrysanthemum from another side and sets off the high-level and high-taste style beauty of chrysanthemum. "No matter how dark the reality is, how decadent the politics is and how depressed the society is, Du Fu never closes his eyes in front of it, but boldly exposes it, shows his attitude and points out the solution." The cultural implication of chrysanthemum complements the poet's noble sentiment, the tenacious spirit of chrysanthemum complements the poet's indelible will, and the aesthetic implication of chrysanthemum also matches the poet's courage to face reality and indomitable will.
"The existence of any image has a certain spatial form. What kind of time and space coordinates the image is placed on reflects the specific mentality of a poet. " 6 "Chamomile in front of the eaves" points out the position of chamomile, that is, the scene before us, and adds the word "night" after it, which lengthens the distance in time coordinates and paves the way for the regret of "Chamomile". "Late" is not only a time image, but also a psychological image, which is the basis of the emotional tone of poetry. "Qingrui" is a real blooming chrysanthemum, and "Chongyang" is a time image, but both are immaterial. This image has been attracting readers' thinking and imagination for thousands of years. "Tomorrow" is also a time image, which plays an elusive psychological implication. The juxtaposition of the image of "chamomile" with time images such as "Late", "Double Ninth Festival" and "Tomorrow" creates an artistic conception of vast expanse, and also reflects the loneliness and loneliness of the lyric subject. In order to highlight the image of "chrysanthemum", the poet used a series of vivid images to set it off. 7 "Awake drunk" is a dynamic image, and the flower friends who once stopped to linger will soon disperse; "Fragrant flower" is a visual image, which seems to see the colorful scene of chrysanthemums in full bloom. Through the contrast between gorgeous flowers and flowers that no one appreciates, it highlights the poet's artistic conception and emotion that "the bigger the wood, the harder it is to use". "Fragrance" is an olfactory image, "picking" is a dynamic image, "chanting" is a poet's imagination, and "winding wind and frost" is a dynamic image. The images of "limited" and "free" are interlaced and contrasted, which deeply feels that the world really loves flowers and cherishes them as famous flowers (chrysanthemums), and then deeply feels the fate of the poet "handsome". The use and combination of images in poetry is a metaphor of the poet's inability to serve the country and a projection of his lonely mentality. In this group of image group, other images express the theme around the "chrysanthemum" image, reflecting the poet's mentality and strong sense of life in a specific environment. Compared with other triplets, the first connection of "Chrysanthemum" image is more concentrated. Mo Lifeng said, "The image density of famous sentences in Tang poetry is mostly high, which is the natural result of the careful poems written by poets in Tang Dynasty." It is proved that the "chrysanthemum" image is a unique and carefully selected artistic image of the poet and the sustenance of the poet's feelings. "The image of poetry has strong personality characteristics, which can best express the poet's style." Through the poet's love for the "chrysanthemum" image and the true feelings when describing the "chrysanthemum" image, the poet's elegant personality beauty and gentle and sincere style beauty are also "peeping at the leopard in the tube, which can be seen."