It refers to the common people. "The original intention of studying was in the Yuan and Yuan Dynasties" is a poem in "Studying" by the great patriotic poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty. This is also a true portrayal of his great life. He remained determined despite the ups and downs. Don't forget "Wang Shibei Ding Central Plains Day", and hope to gain the power to help the world and bring peace to the people in the book.
There is no five-acre garden in Guizhining, and the original intention of reading is Yuanyuan.
Although my eyesight in front of the lamp is not the same as before, I still have to learn 20,000 words.
Translation:
The ambition to return to old age and live in seclusion is still the same even without the five acres of farmland. The original intention of reading is for the common people.
Reading under the lamp, my eyes are no longer what they used to be, but I still insist that I have read twenty thousand small words.
Yuan Yuan: Li people and common people.
Lu You:
Lu You was born in a family of officials who "lived in poverty and studied hard" and then became an official. Lu You's great ancestor was Lu Zhen, the Taifu of Song Renzong, his grandfather Lu Dian, and his father Lu You. Zai was born in the flames of the war between the Song and Jin Dynasties. He suffered from the pain of displacement since he was a child. At the same time, he was influenced by the patriotic thoughts of his father, Lu Zai and other scholar-bureaucrats, and formed the idea of ??caring about the country and the people.
When he was more than ten years old, he had read the poems of Tao Qian, Wang Wei, Cen Shen and Li Bai. Able to write poetry, he is known as "Little Li Bai".
He had a poetry name at the age of 17. Around the age of 25, he learned poetry from Zeng Ji, who had patriotic ideas, which set the tone of his patriotic poetry. When he was twenty-nine years old, he rushed to Lin'an to take the exam. Because he was named before Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun, he offended Qin Hui and was deposed. He was only activated three years after Qin Hui's death.
He always insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty. In 1158 (the 28th year of Shaoxing), he entered Fujian and served as the administrator of Ningde County. According to the records in Volume 3 of "Ningde County Chronicles", "Huan Ji": "Lu You, Zi Wu Guan, was a free man. In the 28th year of Shaoxing, he was appointed as the governor of Yibo. He had good governance and was loved by the people." There is a statue of Lu You built on Nanji Mountain in Ningde. There is also a statue of Lu You in Jianhu Village in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
He once served as the magistrate of Longxing, Zhenjiang. In 1170 (the sixth year of Qiandao), he entered Shu and served as the general magistrate of Kuizhou. In 1172 (the eighth year of Qiandao), he entered the shogunate of Wang Yan, the Xuanfu envoy in Sichuan, and later served as an official in Baozhang Pavilion to wait for the rule. Politically, Lu You advocated resolute resistance to the war, replenishing armaments, and demanded that "when it comes to taxation, we should first enrich the family, and when it comes to taxation, we should deal with big businessmen." He has always been suppressed by the surrender group. In his later years, he retired to his hometown, but his belief in regaining the Central Plains remained unswerving.
Lu You's poems:
Lu You has many literary talents, especially his achievements in poetry. He said that he had "ten thousand poems in sixty years", and there are 9,300 poems in existence. The remaining poems can be roughly divided into three periods: before entering Shu at the age of 46, he preferred written forms; from entering Shu to resigning from office and returning to the East at the age of 64, this was the mature period of his poetry creation and a period of great change in poetry style.
In his early years, he specialized in "algae painting" as a career to pursue a grand and unrestrained style, full of fighting spirit and patriotic enthusiasm. In his later years, after living in seclusion in his hometown of Shanyin, his poetic style tended to be simple and down-to-earth, showing a It has a clear and distant pastoral flavor, and sometimes reveals the desolate feeling of life.
Lu You's poems cover a very wide range, involving almost every field of social life in the early Southern Song Dynasty. They can be roughly divided into four aspects according to their content:
① Persistence in resisting the Jin Dynasty, crusade and surrender group. Lu You bluntly stated that "harmony with one's relatives has not been a long-term strategy in ancient times", and "the most hurtful thing is to be harmonious when one is born, and the golden catkins of a year's chariot are lost to Hu Qiang", and exposed that "all the princes adhere to the policy of peace and friendship, but those with lofty ideals donate their youth in vain".
His Yuefu poem "Guan Shan Yue" highly summarizes the contradiction between the upper-level rulers, the soldiers guarding the border, and the people in the enemy-occupied areas on the main war and peace positions, and focuses on the compromise and peace seeking of the Southern Song Dynasty ruling group. serious consequences of the policy. Lu You's poems, with their distinctive combativeness and pertinence, inspired people's fighting spirit against the Jin Dynasty and were highly praised by people with lofty ideals and benevolence.
②Express the impassioned enthusiasm for serving the country and the grief and indignation of unrealized ambitions. When Lu You was young, he took it as his duty to serve the country generously and regarded destroying the invading enemies and recovering the occupied territory as the first priority in his life. However, his ideal of resisting the enemy was repeatedly frustrated. Therefore, a large number of his poems not only express high-spirited fighting spirit, but also express deep sorrow and indignation.
For example, in the poem "Shu Anger", the poet is dedicated to serving the country but his ambition is difficult to fulfill. He is high-spirited and heroic with desolation and sadness. It is not only the poet's personal experience but also the epitome of the fate of the nation. It is a typical representative of this type of work.
③Describe pastoral scenery and daily life. Lu You loves life and is good at discovering poetic materials from various life situations. Whether it is mountains and rivers, plants, trees, insects and fish, whether it is ordinary life in the countryside or leisurely fun in the study room, "every grass, tree, fish, or bird is cut into poetry."
The poem "Visiting Shanxi Village" has bright colors and contains philosophical ideas in the description of the scenery. Among them, "Mountains are full of doubts and there is no way, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers." It has become a widely circulated famous sentence. His "The First Spring Rain in Lin'an" describes spring in the south of the Yangtze River, with virtual scenes and real scenes, delicate and beautiful, and full of charm.
④Love poems. Due to the restrictions on the thoughts and feelings of scholars in the Song Dynasty and the development of Song poetry, the romantic function of Song poetry gradually weakened. The quantity and quality of love poems in the Song Dynasty were difficult to compare with Tang poetry, but Lu You was an exception.
When Lu You was young, he had an unforgettable emotional experience with his ex-wife. The poems he wrote in memory of his ex-wife were sincere and touching. The "Two Poems on Shen Yuan" he wrote in his later years was called "The Two Poems of Shen Yuan" by later generations. "A very sad poem" is a rare masterpiece among ancient love poems.