Wang Wei's Zen landscape poems have always been highly praised by theorists. Lu Shiyong wrote in his "General Theory of Poetry Mirror" that "the color of rubbings is clear and subtle. I had expected Xie Tao's vassal ... who can be an author after leaving the image?" Wang Wei did have a great influence on the development of China's landscape poetry. His achievements in landscape poetry are related to his evolution of the concept of Zen into his own guiding ideology for poetry creation and the introduction of some Zen enlightenment methods into poetry creation. It is also the Zen in his poems that constitutes his ethereal and elegant poetic artistic conception.
Nbsp; This paper tries to make a brief analysis on the combination of Zen and poetry, the influence and interaction of Zen theory of Nanzong Zen on Wang Wei's landscape poems, and the significance of the development of poetry and theory in later generations. Nbsp; first, the integration of religious concepts and aesthetic experience. Wang Wei lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and Buddhism in China has developed to a comprehensive and mature stage.
At that time, the sects that were not close to the roof, had a complete theoretical system, and Nanchan also established a fairly mature core idea. Of course, Wang Wei has the closest relationship with Zen: Wang Wei is the only poet who enjoys the reputation of "Shi Fo" in the history of China literature.
On the one hand, because his Buddhist theory is profound, few poets in history can achieve it; On the other hand, it is also because he can adhere to strict religious practice and gain the Samadhi of Zen through a thorough understanding of the wonderful methods of Zen, so that some poems have reached the position of "Zen meaning". Of course, there are many contributing factors to the integration of Wang Wei nbsp Zen Buddhism and aesthetic experience.
Nbsp First of all, the most important reason is the development of Southern Zen. After Dharma was introduced to China, the six ancestors were wise, which made this religious experience of "not writing" closer to the literati market than introspection. Three realms of southern Zen: one is "but how can I find his footprints among the fallen leaves piled up on the bare hillside!" " ; Second, "there is no one in the empty mountain, and flowers bloom in the water"; Third, "the sky is eternal, there is wind and moon"; The concern for the world after these feelings has changed the picturesque secular world in life, such as the color in the phase and the flower in the water, and gained a sense of freedom after being freed from secular things: Zen pays more attention to people's state of mind, and then it is related to literature on the aesthetic level, which is embodied in Wang Wei's recluse spirit.
Wang Wei is also a scholar who digs deep into his heart. His reclusive culture embodies this essence.
For example, Zen Buddhism's "letting go of body and mind and making it comfortable" has three influences on Wang Wei's reclusive personality: first, it treats real social life by combining active birth with passive anti-world; Second, it is a kind of emotional, tragic and "extraordinary" personality spirit; Thirdly, it pursues a kind of spiritual freedom, attaches importance to the meaning of life and is willing to be lonely and silent. Here you can quote the Peach Blossom Garden written by Wang Wei 19 years old. In this poem, Wang Wei transcends Tao Yuanming's realm of "building a house on earth" and deliberately creates another realm of "watching colorful trees, not thinking about the distance, walking in Qingxi and not seeing people" and "clearing the petals for him in the morning and fishing for him at dusk".
This is already a literati's yearning for the inner Zen realm, with exquisite and elegant style and profound and lofty cultural atmosphere. Escape was originally put forward from the recluse fashion, and its transcendent, carefree, recluse and ethereal purport most naturally shows another kind of tolerance in the recluse personality spirit.
The combination of seclusion culture and Zen makes Wang Wei's poetry move from the hustle and bustle of the city to the quietness and loneliness of culture, and pays more attention to raising natural beauty, humanistic beauty and spiritual beauty to the level of personality and spirit, which is undoubtedly a progress from an artistic point of view. Because of the mutual infiltration and blending with the concept of Zen, Wang Wei's pursuit of indifferent life presents a deep meditation and a carefree state of mind, which is no longer different from Tao Yuanming's "morning, waste filth, take the moon lotus home" and "naked, but not against my wishes", but to achieve "I will walk to the water to stop me, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" and "cross"
On this level, Wang Wei applied the concept of Zen to landscape poems, making the ideological implication of landscape poems more mysterious. Nbsp; Secondly, the reason why religious experience can be highly integrated in Wang Wei's place is not only the connotation of religious experience itself, but also related to Wang Wei's own way of liberation.
He said in Brother Shishan, "I lost myself in the mountains", and in the poem Monk Migai Jinshan, he said more clearly: "When I realize silence, I am happy." Wang Wei's mother believes in Buddhism, and Wang Wei himself may have contacts with many monks. His words were written in the Buddhist classic Vimalakīrti Sutra. According to the textual research of Mr. Chen, a master of modern Chinese studies, "Vimalakīrti" means eliminating evil and reducing evil, which echoes with his landscape poems that exude a touch of Zen.
Wang Wei intends to eliminate his lifelong regret and sadness in the spiritual kingdom of Buddhism and the quiet natural realm of mountains and forests. In other words, an empty mountain forest and quiet joy are the best way for him to get rid of his troubles and pains. In this way, he must achieve his goal through religious experience and aesthetic experience.
The purpose of Zen, a unique religious experience in China, is to see nature clearly, while the aesthetic experience of China literati wandering in nature is often to obtain a kind of "harmony with heaven, which is called heavenly joy" (Zhuangzi, Heaven).
2. What are the 1 and the most desolate scenery descriptions in Li Bai's classic landscape poems?
How the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever.
2. The most confident poem:
I was born useful, spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all come back! !
3. The most arrogant and unruly sentence:
Laugh at the sky and go out. Are we Artemisia people?
4. The most helpless poem:
The road to the sky has no way out.
5. The most popular sad poem:
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows.
6, the most delicate scenery description:
Clouds are darkened by rain, and streams are pale by fog.
7, into a classic idiom poem:
One person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it.
8, the most thrilling scenery description:
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
9. The most tearful poem:
I can't help but feel ashamed to think of this. I helped Park Mu, and declined politely and dared not eat it.
10, China people are most familiar with the most classic poem:
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Please ask the master to give me an ink painting poem. I prefer words to poetry. You can refer to:
Xi Qian Ying showed a shadow.
Look at the horizon, see the fragrant path falling flowers, sunset glow at dusk.
When is the evening? The image of beauty is chic, with spring dew, autumn frost and summer heat.
Begonia laughs in the breeze, and camellia has bloomed in the wind.
The crowd is gorgeous, the jade man hides his face and the moon is full of sand.
Gather and disperse in a hurry, the mountains and rivers are picturesque, and the swords and swords are reflected in the world.
This song is difficult, Jade and Guan Chun are bitter, and the years pass by in calm water.
Looking back at the snow and cold rain, I walked gently along the willow tree.
Clouds are flowing, burning crimson wax and cutting candle flowers with you.
Meaning: Lift your eyes and look out, see falling flowers and winding incense trails, and see sunset silhouette and sunset painting.
Why pay attention to the present and the past? You (butterfly) are always so handsome that you are not afraid of spring, autumn and summer.
After the breeze, Haitang laughs; Camellia is in the flowering season.
Seeing the beauty of the crowd, you are ashamed to hide your face, like the moon vaguely covering the white sand.
Looking back, it was always impermanent to gather and disperse. Although the mountains and rivers are picturesque, the strong are full of enthusiasm for the world.
Unfortunately, there is a jade flute, and the spring is gone, just watching the quiet running water send the years away.
Looking back, the snow is flying, the rain is cold, and the willows by the river are waiting for the spring flowers.
The clouds are light and the wind is light. I wish I could sit opposite the candle and cut the candle flowers with you.
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The origin is only to report the spring period, but it is also difficult to restrain.
Who can solve the problem of tossing and turning, and who can you rely on?
Let the east wind blow away and the creator separate.
But as the first ambassador of Wheat Straw, I don't care where I am.
Meaning:
I just came to report the spring; Who can bind me? Who can bind me?
Just my faint sadness, who can solve it; Flowers bloom lonely, flowers fall and fall, who is my reliance?
However, it just follows the east wind in a hurry, blurring the meaning with the creator.
But if you think you can celebrate spring with a hundred flowers, even if you are buried somewhere, you still like it. Please don't feel sorry for me.
4. Poetry praises pen, ink, paper and inkstone. Datang She Yan surprised Jishan in Shanxi.
Interpretation of Mi Fei's "Yanshan Ming"
Recently, the author saw a Tang Dynasty inkstone in Jishan County, Shanxi Province. After careful observation, careful comparison, repeated argumentation and consultation with experts, the author draws a preliminary conclusion that this inkstone is the one described in Mi Fei's calligraphy work Yan Mingshan in the Song Dynasty!
This inkstone is 25cm long,13cm wide and15cm high. The full text at the bottom of the inkstone is "Fine bones, smooth body, Taihe three years, Hongshan Zun." "Three Years of Taihe" was in 830 AD. Hongshan was a monk in the Tang Dynasty. Wei Zhuang, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Visiting Your House where Hongshan monks never meet". According to this, it can be speculated that the Hongshan monk must have given this inkstone to the royal nobles at that time!
From the appearance, this inkstone is tough, moist and dense, with gold star texture and cyan, which is the best in the inkstone!
On the front of the inkstone, there is a drying pool in the middle for grinding ink; There is a moon pool below for storing ink. There is a Yi Long monster by the pool, and Venus is dotted on the inkstone surface, just like a dragon swimming in the water. Pour water into the pool to grind ink, showing lightning traces, and the traces of water disappear automatically. The Moon Lake in the pool symbolizes the change of Yin and Yang, and the overall shape of the inkstone is Buddhist, which is amazing to the viewers. This is an eternal miracle!
Mi Fei's "Yan" full text: "Yan five-color water floating Kunlun Lake shakes the rough pole whether it changes under the dark cloud hanging dragon electric mark, and close the door to cherish the Jinshan front porch. After careful comparison, analysis and scrutiny, it can be preliminarily concluded that this Tang Dynasty inkstone is the one described in Mi Fei's "Yanming Mountain".
Inkstone is very precious, especially in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients commented that "the ink is slippery and not abandoned, and the pen is not left." "Breathing dries up", "like golden sound, like soft skin". Ancient literati, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo and Mi Fei, all regarded inkstone as a treasure, and many people even commented on poetry.
Facing this treasure, the author is filled with emotion, a national treasure! You can finally go down in history with Yan!
In order to feast one's eyes and make an appointment for collectors, the author welcomes experts from all walks of life to visit Jishan, Shanxi Province to watch the Tang Dynasty inkstone!
5. Describe the complete collection of beautiful poems 1: It's still early in the autumn window, but it's windy when the trees fall. -Tang Du Fu's Guest Pavilion
2. There is nothing to say when you go to the West Building alone. The moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the autumn.
3. In autumn, there are bamboos and cool Wuling pine everywhere.
4: In the evening, Yun Qi drank sweat and got wet with Gao Lin.
5: Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng. I face them in this villa and drink my wine. Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou Farewell Minister Shu Yun.
6. Everyone explains the sad autumn and doesn't know it thoroughly like a poet.
7: I haven't heard from my old friend Wan Li, and I plan to ask Duan Hong.
8. Some people will be engraved in memory forever. Even if they forget his voice, his smile and his face, the feeling when they think of him will never change.
9: After lights out, sleep in the beautiful rain.
10: The air is crisp in autumn, and there are flies in all flowers.
1 1: When love comes, it is also happy. However, this kind of happiness needs to be paid, and we should learn to accept disappointment, pain and parting. Since then, life is no longer simple.
12: There are many leaves in the Green Pavilion. I know it's autumn. Shang Liu chai sang
13: cold wind destroyed trees and first frost knot.
14: Every autumn has been sad and lonely since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring. -Liu Tang Yuxi's autumn poems
15: the grass is low and the golden city is foggy, and the Yumen wind is under the wood.
16: Sulushuo wants to be crisp, and the girl in green is jealous. In cold months, the wind is blowing and the leaves are dry and red.
17: the lion dragon is flying and brilliant again! Light alleys and thick streets are full of fragrance, and desks are full of chrysanthemums in September.
18: Wanhe Chunsheng pine, several rows of autumn geese come. -Yuan Sadduce's "Dream of Two Poems on Mountain Climbing"
19: The frost cut of the green lotus overnight made him lose his pearls in the autumn rain. Two occasional poems by Tang Laigu
20: Don't rush home when you meet, Huang Die will be sad tomorrow.
6. Words about the title of landscape painting My collection of landscape painting titles
Jiang Nanchun. The bleak autumn wind. Li Hua chun Yan. Spring breeze, willow and valley, snow scene. Almighty. Akiyama and late Cui Tu. Looking for a map. Valley map Many mountains are small. Tourist map of Guanshan Mountain. Go a long way. The eagle spread its wings. Eagles are playing in the sea. Iron wing gold hook. Heroes (eagles) trudged in the mountains in the moonlight. Music in spring. Alpine village. Sunset in autumn mountain. Autumn mountain is bathed in rain. Live in the Valley Spring Festival Evening Live Show. Spring breeze is a beautiful scenery. Wonderful hand rejuvenation. Spring is coming to the mountain village. Mountains and rivers are clear. Hometown is infinite. Chunjiang pipeline map. Storms revolve around the mountain every day. Friendship is evergreen. A big river originates from a small stream. It's a sunny day in September. The leaves of Wanshan Group are early, the autumn clouds are shadowless, and the trees are silent. Wild geese fly south. Clouds come and go to the mountain peak. Smoke clouds and waterfalls. The third stream berths ships. Lin Qiu cigarettes. Lakes and mountains. Cardboard ink painting Lin Hu. Clouds of smoke piled up like mountains. Explore the secluded place of Yunling. The mountains in autumn are green. Jiangnan spring rhyme. In the dead of night, few people talk. Yun Qi Qianzhangyan. This village is full of farmers' feelings. Birds are singing in the forest. People in the mountains. Rain has flown over the fountain. It rains in the mountains at night. Sunset, gorgeous clouds on the mountain. Eyes full of autumn mountains and sparse rain. It is beautiful everywhere. Love stays on this mountain. Small bridges and flowing water. Clouds and waterfalls. Yunlong comes out of the valley. The mountain is high and the water is narrow. A hundred springs ring after the rain. Come and go among the white clouds. At night, Linjiang village was silent. The afterglow of Jiangwan. Birch trees by the river. The mountains are covered with peaches and plums. Yun Teng bees rise. Green water flows forever.
Copy from art newspaper
7. Comments on beautiful poems only remind me of the monarch.
Wan Li is still close to its neighbors-the Three Kingdoms. Cao weizhi >
I chose to leave, not for success, not for retention, just to get to know you and me again.
Passing by is also a deep fate.
Time will slowly precipitate, and some people will slowly blur in your heart. Learn to let go, and your happiness will come true.
You will never see me when I am loneliest, because I am loneliest only when you are not by my side.
If one day we are not together, we should be together.
There is a glimmer of green in the old bottle and a hint of red in the quiet stove.
It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside? !
You have a wizard, and I am not poor. -(Qing) Zheng Banqiao
Overseas knowledge, heaven is still our neighbor. —— (Tang)
We are both unhappy-until eternity passes. Why did we meet before? -(Tang) Bai Juyi
Mochow has a vast road ahead, and everyone knows you. -(Tang) Gao Shi
There are no happy friends and no happy friends in the world. -(Qing) Pu Songling's quatrains on friendship
Know each other, know each other, know each other, know each other. -(Spring and Autumn Period) Mencius
A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and a friendship between gentlemen comes through thick and thin. A gentleman is indifferent to his relatives, but a gentleman is willing to give up.
-(Warring States) Zhuangzi
If you live with the lame, you will learn to limp. -(Western Jin Dynasty) Fu Xuan
Life is a matter of life, so why use gold and money? -(Tang) Li Bai
Make friends and keep your word. -(Spring and Autumn) Midsummer
You can't forget the friendship between cloth and clothes. -(Tang) li yanshou
Gentlemen and gentlemen are friends with the same path, and gentlemen and gentlemen are friends with the same interests. —— (Song) Ouyang Xiu
Life is about getting to know each other. -(Song) Wang Anshi
If you think of a gentleman, you will send him to the south.
Knowing each other means being close. -Han Yuefu Folk Songs >
Wan Li is still close to its neighbors-the Three Kingdoms. Cao weizhi >
Know each other far and near, but Wan Li is still a neighbor-Don Zhang Jiuling >
Teenagers are willing to learn new things, but they are old friends when they die-Don Han Yu >
Taking Literature as a Friend and Virtue as a Neighbor —— Tang Zuyong > Classic Poetry Network
Making friends in life is at the end, don't divide ups and downs-Don Helan Jin Ming's beautiful sentence about friendship.
There is no distinction between young and old in life, so why should we tune together first? -Tang Du Fu >
The postman who came to meet the north broke the plum blossom and gave it to his friend in the mountains. There is no better gift in Jiangnan, and flowers will send spring. -Lu Kai's Poems for Ye Fan in Southern Song Dynasty.
Painting friends need to be indifferent, mountains like paper don't like harmony-Green Weng Zhao >