The first is to cultivate children's reading interest and reading habits. Two children in our family have been studying with their parents since 1 year old. There are many picture books suitable for all ages in America. We have formed the habit of reading picture books before going to bed every day. When I read with them, I don't ask them to read or repeat or answer questions. It is important to share some time with them, share an emotion, even play games together, read aloud in different roles and so on.
The two children have loved reading since childhood. They pick up a book as naturally as playing with a car. Their interest in reading and reading habits have played a great role since they went to school-they can read, read and acquire knowledge quickly, and they have developed the habit of automatic learning. Children's interests have their own characteristics. My Dabao prefers reading popular science books, while Bao Xiao prefers reading story books. I don't force them to read books on other subjects, but I often buy or borrow books on various subjects from the library. Every room in our house has a children's bookshelf. I found that Dabao sometimes took the initiative to read story books or poems, and Bao Xiao sometimes read popular science books. In childhood, let them take the initiative to read their favorite books, and at the same time, through subtle guidance, try to balance their reading interests and let them know many subjects.
The second is to encourage expression. Children first express their thoughts and ideas from paintings. In primary school, they have a little writing time every day. At first, many children couldn't write or couldn't write well, so American teachers encouraged them to express their ideas or describe things by drawing. The book they wrote is divided into two parts, the upper part is blank and can be painted; The lower part is a grid, and you can write. Because they have just started to learn to write and read, the teacher has no special requirements for the right or wrong words, as long as they are roughly spelled, and it doesn't matter if they are misspelled. Teachers encourage free expression.
Next, the teacher will introduce various styles, such as how to write narrative, how to write expository, how to write articles expressing their views and so on. When practicing writing in the lower grades of primary school, the teacher doesn't ask whether the words are right or wrong. He won't say, "You didn't write these words correctly. Go home and copy it ten times! " Mainly look at the meaning of expression, learn and practice how to write various articles. Children also learn to write research reports, choose a favorite animal, look up books in the library, write articles about this animal and list references. Their research report may be only a few paragraphs, but they have learned how to write research reports and the structure of articles.
American elementary school children's interest and desire in writing are protected and encouraged by teachers, and they also practice basic writing requirements, laying the foundation for senior writing. Teachers also pay special attention to children's individual differences. Some children may naturally shine through a lot of reading, and some children may not rely on a lot of reading, and they need some suggestions on wording, sentence making or article structure. Some children may be good at writing narratives, while others may be good at writing expositions. Teachers and parents should pay attention to supporting their free expression in writing, while protecting their strengths and characteristics, and gradually develop in other aspects. The progress of writing may take a long time to accumulate, so parents and teachers should be patient and don't always think about it overnight. Chen Xin
(Chen Xin, Ph.D. in Psychology, University of Connecticut, USA, author of "2 1 Teaching Habits of Efficient Parents")
2. How do American students write the model essay for the 20 10 exam? There is an American foreign teacher in anonymous school. The foreign teacher is very enthusiastic and I get along well with him.
Through chatting with foreign teachers on weekdays, I learned some educational conditions in the United States and got a glimpse of some "secrets" of American students' writing. The cultural traditions of the United States are different from those of China. Under different cultural backgrounds, there are obvious differences between American students and China students in their writing.
This is how American students write their compositions. These writing methods should have a lot of reference significance for us.
First, American students are "like wolves" when collecting composition materials. Most of the materials we use in writing come from our lives. The composition material emphasizes authenticity and personal experience, so the events and characters in our composition are often selected from a small part of social life that can be contacted by family, school and life. In other words, the materials we can possess and use in writing are "real and limited".
American students are completely different from us in having composition materials. American students' compositions are not required to be completed in class, but can be completed in a few days or weeks, and some compositions may even be "one-semester projects".
American students can use this time to collect a lot of composition materials-go to the library for reference, visit the community, look online, and so on. Because American students will collect materials in many ways before writing, and it will take a long time to collect them, and eventually they will occupy a "huge amount" of composition materials for use.
Rich composition materials make no American student "worry" about writing. For example, if we write a composition, there will be no "I don't know what to write" situation. We should break through the original way of thinking, break through our own "limited experience", enter the "material world" and find our own composition needs.
In this way, the composition we write will be "more brilliant" because of the rich materials, and we will truly feel the feeling of "a stroke of genius" when writing a composition. Second, American students' compositions focus on "self-presentation". What is the "goal" of our composition? The "goal" of our composition is to establish a "central idea", that is, an idea, and then express and identify with this idea through composition.
The so-called "correct concept" refers to the conceptual direction of social identity. Simply put, the goal of our writing is to convey such a message to the outside world: the author should identify with and obey a certain "noble orientation" of society.
It is very important for our composition to be "correct in conception". If a composition is "ill-conceived", it will not reach the "excellent" level in any case. Because we excessively pursue some "intentional" social identity expressions, exaggeration and lies will inevitably appear in our compositions.
American students seldom pay attention to "conception" in their compositions. American students' compositions are not written for social "values", but to express their strong personal views to the outside world, although some views may not be correct and reasonable.
On the basis of a large number of materials, American students' compositions are "well-founded", and American students can write their own personalized understanding of the same problem in their compositions, which can be described as "a hundred flowers blossom". Reading our composition, we can pick out some lies and empty words from time to time; Looking at American students' compositions, we can often perceive the rigor of American students' thinking logic, and every sentence is said on the "thinking".
Our composition is to please others, and American students' composition is to prove and show their views. In this regard, we should learn from American students, so that the composition can serve our own views and self-presentation.
Third, the composition of American students is "lack of emotion and rich imagination". Our composition emphasizes "expressing feelings", so many students' compositions are "full of emotions". However, some "lyricism" in our composition seems stiff and far-fetched because it is too full, and may not be able to impress people.
In addition, the lack of imagination in our composition is a recognized problem. Many students are limited by the "central idea" of materials and compositions, which leads to "unable to let go" of thinking and insufficient imagination, and the composition inevitably lacks vividness and interest.
American students' compositions attach importance to narration and logical reasoning, but lack the lyricism of "big guy" and add "reasoning with things". Therefore, the composition of American students makes people feel clear and calm when reading, and they can "know what they say and do what they do".
American students' compositions are more like "writing stories" because they have superb narrative ability; Because of the strong reasoning ability, it looks like "writing a paper". This is the height that our composition can't reach.
In addition, because American students are active in thinking, their compositions are not bound by "central thinking" and "correct thinking", and they are particularly brave in writing. It is more appropriate to describe American students' compositions with imagination. For example, when writing an imaginary composition similar to "Your ship sank", we often focus on "the pain of parting", but the rich and grand imagination will make American students write this composition "all kinds of wonders"-what demons, angels, pains, happiness, loss, gains and so on will appear in different students' compositions.
The event that "one thousand people write one thing, and ten thousand people express their feelings together" will never happen in the composition of American students. Different cultural backgrounds have caused the differences between Chinese and American students' compositions.
We should learn from the characteristics of American students' composition to optimize our composition direction, make the composition pay more attention to our own needs, and show our self-awareness with the composition. We should try our best to turn the composition into our own needs, instead of making it a tool to please others.
3. How to teach writing in American primary schools and how to teach primary schools how to write good articles: 1. Imagination enriches emotions and allows you to enter a real emotional world; 2. The so-called creative impulse means that your emotions have been brewing for a long time and you have to express them; 3. A good article is the product of emotion.
Between the lines, there should be tears flying; 4. Reading and watching plays can enrich your emotional world; When writing, imagine the people in front of you smiling, the birds in the study singing, and the silence of the Woods outside the window. Your pen will be happy and beautiful; 6. Imagine the childhood of the elderly, the old age of children, the upbringing of women, and the farming of men. You will sigh the hardships and impermanence of life, time will change everything, and words will cry; 7. Sincere emotions are touching, and exaggerated emotions are uncomfortable; 8. Let the language soak the source of emotion, and let the words express your inner feelings; 9. The degree of emotion is expressed by adjectives. The only emotion is the only word.
4. How do American fifth and sixth grade students write their compositions? This is also one of the reasons why I am interested in primary school students' composition.
In the United States, the fifth grade is the highest grade in primary schools. Comparing the composition requirements of grade four and grade five, we can find that the children in grade five suddenly grow up. The fifth grade Chinese is divided into six units (taking Harcourt as an example), and each unit focuses on a writing style. The six writing styles are personal narration, explanation, reasoning, comparison, research report and story, which are similar to the requirements of grade four, but the writing requirements are obviously improved.
Not only did the number of words in the composition suddenly increase from about 140 words to about 300 words (and then to 500 words in the sixth grade), but the number of paragraphs in the composition also increased from three paragraphs (some of them are large paragraphs) to five paragraphs. More importantly, the comprehensiveness and complexity of thinking problems have also been greatly improved, and "opinions" and "opinions" have begun to appear. As children who learn to think with their brains and write down their thinking results, fifth-grade pupils are no longer "children".
5. How do foreign primary and secondary school students write a composition about the starting point of writing: "Writing before reading" It is generally believed that children can learn to write only after they can read and write a certain number of words.
Donald Graves, a famous American educator, does not think so. He thinks that children will not learn to read before they learn to write. Instead, they learned to write before they learned to read. Starting from children's psychological characteristics, he compared articles to passwords, compared writing articles to coding passwords, and compared reading to cracking passwords.
He said: "In the eyes of children, it is easier to make a password than to crack it." Besides, if you know how to mend it, then you also know how to dismantle it.
Obviously, writing can promote reading. Graves believes that writing is a tool to express ideas. As long as children have ideas, they will instinctively use this tool to express their ideas.
He said: "Children's initial instinct is to draw symbols. Before primary school, they painted everywhere-walls, sidewalks, concrete slabs, windows with steam ... "Graves proved through surveys that 90% of children thought they could write when they started school; Only 15% children think they can read.
He told a story: a female teacher began to teach a first-grade child. She sent the composition to the child and said, "This is your own composition book. If you like, you can start writing now. " After a moment of meditation, the children all began to write.
Some children have been able to write some sentences; Some children can only write their own names; The rest of the children drew some pictures casually or simply. But no one said "I can't write".
In composition class, teachers usually ask children to keep quiet. But Graves found that children's early writing needs the help of mouth and hands.
He photographed the movements of children's hands when they were writing, and recorded the voices of children talking to themselves when they were writing with a miniature tape recorder. He found that when children write, they usually say things over and over again, and then write them on paper.
Facts show that children need their own pronunciation organs to help them write early. In the early writing process, it is not naughty for children to talk and draw in class, on the contrary, it is a normal activity for children to write.
After long-term observation and experiment, Graves also summed up a rule in children's learning and writing process, that is, from self-centeredness to self-criticism. At the beginning of writing, children are completely self-centered.
They have no fear of writing, whether others can understand it or not. He believes that this kind of self-confidence and self-enjoyment is the source of children's enthusiasm for learning to write.
He said, "Egocentrism has put on protective armor for itself. Children need this kind of armor.
At this stage, he will never stop to think whether others can understand what he has written. "After children go to school, with the continuous improvement of their writing ability, the" self-centered "writing stage cannot last long.
A great breakthrough comes when a child goes back to read something he is not satisfied with. Since then, children have entered the stage of looking at works with critical eyes.
From this time on, he will actively and continuously improve his writing style. Graves believes that this has entered a critical period for the development of children's writing ability.
6. How do American children learn composition and arithmetic in American primary schools? Generally speaking, in schools in China, American children learn English differently from China children.
I am a native American, and my children are in primary school. My American company, emicview, has specially designed courses to train foreign children to learn English to the level of their mother tongue.
The following are my views as a father and a teacher. American children have an English environment. They first learn everyday language at home/in life.
When children go to preschool (before the first grade), the teacher mainly teaches them to recognize letters and associate the pronunciation of letters with letters. Children guess the meaning of words and sentences in the book according to the pronunciation of letters, and begin to learn to read and write compositions. They have reading assignments every day, and at least read a book suitable for students' English level.
After a year, children have read at least hundreds of books. The United States is rich in educational resources, and a large number of books suitable for students' English level can be borrowed free of charge from schools or local libraries.
The reading capacity of American students is very large compared with that of China schools, which is also the reason why American students are ahead in humanities courses. Unlike children in China who learn English, children in China spend a lot of time memorizing words.
American children learn to read and write mainly according to the pronunciation rules of letters. After American children reach the third grade, teachers will begin to pay attention to correcting their spelling mistakes and demand accurate spelling.
Generally speaking, American children spend a lot of time reading and writing, while China children spend a lot of time remembering words. Talking about Americans learning foreign languages.
American universities have foreign language requirements, otherwise they cannot graduate. American elementary schools also offer foreign language courses.
Good private middle schools offer hundreds of foreign languages, as long as students choose. Most foreign language teachers in the United States are native speakers.
The United States is an immigrant country, so it is relatively easy to find foreign teachers in various mother tongues. American students learn foreign languages, and schools often provide opportunities to study and communicate in that country.
7. How to write My Dream for primary school students? Everyone has his own sky and dreams. Dreams are the source of strength, the cradle of wisdom, the banner of charge and the sword of cutting thorns. In the tide of social development, ideals have been given a deeper meaning. Ideal is interest, and ideal is the embodiment of courage, courage and wisdom. As the saying goes, "ideal is the beacon of life navigation", I will lose my way in life and my eyes will be confused. Because of this, I also have a dream, and I have been carefully guarding it. This dream stems from a praise from my head teacher, Mr. Zhao, when I was in the fourth grade of primary school. The scene at that time seemed to be in front of me, vividly: I clearly remember that it was a Friday afternoon, and Teacher Zhao arranged an exercise. I made full use of my weekend. I carefully wrote down my masterpiece word for word and revised it repeatedly. When handing in the homework, the team leader handed it to Mr. Zhao. After the composition of the whole class was reviewed, Teacher Zhao praised the composition I wrote in class. At that time, I was elated: the teacher praised my composition! I was so happy that I couldn't keep my mouth shut. At the same time, my ideal is like a seed, which has sprouted green after falling into the soil-I want to be a writer. In reading and studying book after book, my knowledge has accumulated bit by bit, and my understanding of writers has become more sacred and solemn-their existence has injected new life into boring words and made them flow on paper. Become a pleasant note, intoxicating ... the writer is the soul of the world! They gave people spiritual baptism! Although it is not easy to be a writer, I am willing to make every effort for it! So I will read books every day, write my own thoughts, extract many good words, sentences and paragraphs, and record the little things around me. With the growth of my age, I can let the words give my thoughts at will and bloom the most beautiful flowers in my pen. I must work hard, forge ahead for my ideals, be brave in difficulties and challenges, and get up from where I fell! I will use my spare time to read the famous works of famous writers, absorb the essence of world articles, make them my knowledge, and use them more appropriately in combination with my own writing style. I will also remember more valuable aphorisms, famous sayings and poems, which are all useful knowledge. I will study hard and use various themes and rhetorical devices flexibly to make my composition more perfect, so that I can have more writing knowledge and charge the peak of world literature! Although it takes a lot of efforts and hardships for this ideal, I have no regrets, for the ideal; Although this ideal is difficult to realize, I persevere for it; Although my ideal seems far away, I believe that through my efforts, this ideal will definitely become a reality in the near future! When I was young, I had a dream buried in my heart. I have read many famous literary works, such as the representative works of Mr. Lao She, Mr. Ba Jin, Grandma Bing Xin and Mr. Xu Zhimo. The wonderful writing of these writers deeply shocked my soul. This is my motivation to become a writer. In order to realize this dream, I should start working hard from junior high school. I am no longer limited to reading articles by domestic writers, but also reading foreign classics. The works of Dumas, Tolstoy and other great writers. This enriches the styles and skills of writers at home and abroad. I also write and contribute from time to time. I have written the longest composition [Travel Notes in the North] with more than 8,000 words! I gave this "work" five stars on the campus network! This makes me more confident and strive to be a great writer. If I become a writer, I will go to Beijing in 2008 to write about the sportsmanship of Olympic athletes and the strength of China with my pen. If I become a writer, I will see the magical Jiuzhaigou and Daqing oil fields and write down the beauty and richness of the motherland. I will travel around. I will go to France to write about the magnificent Eiffel Tower. I will go to America to write about the beauty of the Statue of Liberty. I will go to Rome to write about the horror of the Colosseum. I will go to Egypt to write about the mystery of the pyramids. I will go to Greece to write about the scenery of the Aegean Sea. I will go to Japan to write about the magic of Mount Fuji. I'll keep all the customs of the world in my mind. I will use my hands to describe the splendid cultures around the world. Blueprint for peace. Dreams are like a bird. You mustn't tie it in a cage. Let it spread its wings and fly freely in the blue sky. Let the dream take off in the blue sky! In order to realize my dream, I must write the world culture, Olympic spirit, national heroes and brilliant tomorrow with my pen.
8. How do American children learn composition and arithmetic in American primary schools? Generally speaking, in schools in China, American children learn English differently from China children. I am a native American, and my children are in primary school. My American company, emicview, has specially designed courses to train foreign children to learn English to the level of their mother tongue. The following are my views as a father and a teacher.
American children have an English environment. They first learn everyday language at home/in life. When children go to preschool (before the first grade), the teacher mainly teaches them to recognize letters and associate the pronunciation of letters with letters. Children guess the meaning of words and sentences in the book according to the pronunciation of letters, and begin to learn to read and write compositions. They have reading assignments every day, and at least read a book suitable for students' English level. After a year, children have read at least hundreds of books. The United States is rich in educational resources, and a large number of books suitable for students' English level can be borrowed free of charge from schools or local libraries. The reading capacity of American students is very large compared with that of China schools, which is also the reason why American students are ahead in humanities courses. Unlike children in China who learn English, children in China spend a lot of time memorizing words. American children learn to read and write mainly according to the pronunciation rules of letters. After American children reach the third grade, teachers will begin to pay attention to correcting their spelling mistakes and demand accurate spelling. Generally speaking, American children spend a lot of time reading and writing, while China children spend a lot of time remembering words.
Talking about Americans learning foreign languages. American universities have foreign language requirements, otherwise they cannot graduate. American elementary schools also offer foreign language courses. Good private middle schools offer hundreds of foreign languages, as long as students choose. Most foreign language teachers in the United States are native speakers. The United States is an immigrant country, so it is relatively easy to find foreign teachers in various mother tongues. American students learn foreign languages, and schools often provide opportunities to study and communicate in that country.