Introduction to the work
The author of "Tiger Walking" is Li Bai, and it was selected as the 37th poem in Volume 165 of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". "Tiger Walking", the title of Yuefu Ping tune. "Collection of Yuefu Poems·Xianghe Lyrics 6·Tiger Walking" Explanation of Guo Maoqian's title: An ancient saying goes: "Hunger will not be eaten by tigers, and wild birds will not be roosted at dusk. Wild birds have no nests, and wanderers are proud of them." Later poets with this title wrote about their travels, the depression of unfinished business, or used tigers as a metaphor for harsh government.
Original text
Tiger on the Move
Author: Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
In the morning, the tiger walks, and in the evening, the tiger sings.
The broken heart is not connected to Longtou water, and the tears are not related to Yongmen Qin.
The two rivers are filled with colorful flags, and the mountains are about to collapse with war drums.
The people of Qin were half prisoners of Yan, and their horses turned over Luoyang grass.
When one loses and the other fails, he sends troops and rebels against Youji City in the morning and evening.
Is it peaceful when the giant turtle has not cut down the sea and the sea is moving, and the fish and dragons are running around?
It is quite similar to the Chu and Han Dynasties, where there was no end to the ups and downs.
Passing Bolangsha in the morning and entering Huaiyin City at dusk.
Zhang Liang did not meet Han Xinpo, and Liu Xiang's life and death depended on his two ministers.
I temporarily went to Xiapi to receive military strategy, and came to cast Piao Mu as my master.
Sages lived like this in ancient times, but even today they have abandoned Qingyun scholars.
If you have a plan, you don’t dare to offend the dragon scales, so you run to the southern country to avoid Hu Chen.
Precious books and jade swords hang in high pavilions, and golden saddles and horses disperse old friends.
Yesterday, I was a guest from Xuancheng and rang the bell to transport two thousand shi.
Sometimes Liu Bo is so excited that he goes around the bed three times and throws.
Every Chu person knows something about Zhang Xuqi, and he has hidden things in his heart that the world does not know.
The three uncles of Wu Bang are looking forward to it, and the heroes from all over the world are following.
Xiao Cao once served as an official in Peizhong, and it was time for him to climb the dragon and attach himself to the phoenix.
Liyang Restaurant In the spring of March, the poplar flowers are filled with sorrow and murder.
Hu Chu's green eyes are playing the jade flute, and Wu Ge's white silk is flying across the sky.
The husbands are happy to see each other, and they beat cows and drums to gather the guests.
From then on I went fishing in the East China Sea, and the fish smiled and fell in love with me.
Comments
1. Heartbroken sentence: "Longtou Song": "The water in Longtou is flowing, and the sound is quiet. Looking at Qinchuan from a distance, the liver and intestines are severed." See "Ancient Wind" 22 Note 1.
2. Yongmen Qin: the name of Qi City Gate in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to "Shuoyuan Shanshuo" written by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty, during the Warring States Period, Zi Zhou of Qi lived in Yongmen and once met Lord Mengchang with his harp. Lord Mengchang asked: "Sir, playing the harp can make Wen Li feel sad?" . ”
3. Flag sentence: It is said that both Henan and Hebei provinces fell into the hands of the Anlushan rebels. The banners are colorful, indicating that the rebel army is strong.
4. Qin people's sentence: It is said that the army and people of the Central Plains and Guanzhong were ravaged by the rebels. The people of Qin refer to the vast number of soldiers and civilians in the Central Plains and Guanzhong. Yandi refers to the rebels.
5. Hu Ma Ju: It means that the rebels occupied Luoyang, the eastern capital of Tang Dynasty. An Lushan was a Hu man, so he called his rebels Hu Ma. Translated, on the contrary, it means unexpected and psychologically difficult to accept.
6. One loss and one loss sentence: It refers to military failure and mistakes in decision-making, resulting in the complete defeat of the army. Military failure refers to the failure of Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi to retreat successively. The error in decision-making refers to the fact that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty listened to the slander of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng and killed Chang Qing and Gao Xianzhi in the army, leaving Tongguan unguarded.
7. Sentence of surrender: Refers to the Changshan prefect Yan Gaoqing raising troops behind enemy lines, and the counties in Hebei responded. On the eighth day, Shi Siming and Cai Xide led troops to attack the counties, and the counties in Guangping were again guarded by thieves. See "Zi Zhi Tong Jian".
8. Ju'ao's two sentences: It is said that the rebellion in Anlu Mountain has not been suppressed, and the world is in turmoil and there is no peace. The giant turtle is a metaphor for Anlu Mountain; the fish and dragon are a metaphor for the up and down of the court and the countryside.
Appreciation
"Tiger Walking" is an old title of Yuefu poems. Zodiac signs and lyrics in "Yuefu Poems". An ancient saying goes: "Hungry will not be eaten by tigers, and wild birds will not be allowed to roost at dusk.
Wild birds have no nests, and wanderers are proud of them." Both Lu Ji and Xie Huilian of Jin Dynasty wrote the poem "Tiger Walking" , all show the hard work of military service, and people with lofty ideals will not change their moral integrity due to hardships and dangers. Li Bai used this to write about his experiences after the Anshi Rebellion. In the spring of 756 AD (the first year of Zhide), Li Bai left Xuancheng and went south to Yanzhong to avoid the Anshi Rebellion. On his way to Yanzhong, he met the great calligrapher Zhang Xu in Liyang (today's Liyang, Jiangsu) and wrote this poem as a gift to Zhang.
The whole poem is divided into three sections. The first paragraph, from the beginning to "The fishes and dragons rush to peace", narrates An Lushan's capture of Luoyang, the eastern capital, and the atrocities of plundering the Central Plains, as well as the poet's thoughts and feelings as he saw the broken rivers and mountains, the peril of the country, the loss of life, and the burning of worries. "Tiger on the Move", a work called "Tiger Song", is the name of an ancient Yuefu tune. In the poem, the Anlushan rebels are compared to man-eating tigers. The poet was very anxious about the Anshi Rebellion and the critical situation of the Tang Empire. He burst into tears, not because the melancholy melody of the ancient Yuefu song "The water flows from the long head, the sound is deep in the throat, looking at Qinchuan in the distance, and the heart is broken" aroused his thoughts of his hometown; nor was it because he listened to musicians like those from the Warring States Period. The sad and moving music played by masters like Yongmen Zizhou touched his personal sadness.
But weep bitterly for the safety of the country and the disaster of the people. The following eight sentences describe the tragic situation in which Hu soldiers captured Luoyang, the current situation was chaotic, the country declined and the people perished, which is the reason for the poet's sadness. "The flags are colorful in the two rivers, and the war drums are frightening and the mountains are about to collapse." "Two rivers" refers to Henan Road and Hebei Road in the Tang Dynasty, which are parts of Henan, Shandong, Hebei and Liaoning provinces today.
During the Anlushan Rebellion, Hebei Province and Henan Province fell one after another and were occupied by the Hu people. After Anlu Mountain captured Luoyang, the imperial court sent General Gao Xianzhi to lead his troops to Shaanzhou (today's Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) to resist. He was defeated by An Lushan's rebel army and became Anlu Mountain's prisoner because most of his subordinates were from Guanzhong (ie. Qin people), most of Lushan's troops were Yan people, so it was said that "Qin people were half prisoners of Yan"; Dongdu fell, and Hu horses were all over the suburbs, so it was said that "Hu horses turned over Luoyang grass in their mouths."
"One loss and one failure to send troops" refers to Gao Xianzhi's defeat at Anlu Mountain (hence the saying "one loss"). Emperor Ming was furious when he heard this and ordered the eunuchs to kill Gao Xianzhi. In the army. Gao Xianzhi retreated without a fight and retreated to Tongguan out of strategic considerations to defend Chang'an. However, Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty listened to the eunuchs' slander and hastily killed General Qiancheng, which was a very bad move (hence the saying "one mistake"). "Guanxiabing" refers to the army that retreated to Tongguan. In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar in AD 756 (the first year of Zhide), Yan Gaoqing, the prefect of Changshan, raised troops to fight against the bandits, and all seventeen counties in Hebei were returned to the imperial court. When Yan Gaoqing was captured by the Anshi rebels, all the counties in Hebei returned to the hands of the bandits. Therefore, It goes like "Rebel in the morning and in the evening". "Youji City" refers to the cities in Youzhou and Jizhou (both in today's Hebei and Liaoning areas) in the North Road of Tanghe. Anshi's rebel army was like a giant turtle in the sea, causing the water to churn, causing the fish and dragons (referring to the soldiers and civilians of the Tang Dynasty) in the sea to run around restlessly. This is the saying: "If the giant turtle has not cut down the sea, how can the fish and dragons run in peace?" The first paragraph vividly depicts the scene of rampant enemy fire and chaos in the world after the fall of Luoyang and the poet's worried mood.
The second paragraph is from "quite like the Chu and Han Dynasty" to "circling the bed three times and throwing it once". This paragraph uses the story of Zhang Liang and Han Xin who never met to express that the poet was in troubled times and could not be used by the mediocre rulers. Although he had a "big plan for the king" and the skills to help the world and the people, he had no place to display it and had no choice but to follow the fleeing people. The emotion of "escaping to the south". The Anshi rebellion was fierce and the eastern capital Luoyang fell quickly. The situation of the war was quite similar to the tug-of-war between Chu and Han. This reminded Li Bai of Zhang Liang and Han Xinlai, the outstanding counselors and generals who determined the fate of the Han Dynasty in history. Before they were met by kings and ministers, their situation was similar to their current situation. Zhang Liang attacked Qin Shihuang at Bolang Shazhui, accidentally hit the side car, and was chased by Qin. He had no choice but to change his name and surname, and fled to Xiapi (now Pi County, Jiangsu). He met Huang Shigong on Xiapi and taught him "Tai Gong's Art of War". Han Xin was initially humiliated by scoundrels in the city of Huaiyin (today's Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province). He had no way to make a living, so he fished under the city. The old woman's food satisfies her hunger. Later, Han Xin defected to the Han Dynasty, but Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty did not reuse him at first. He fled on a moonlit night and performed a play of "Xiao He Chasing Han Xin Under the Moon".
There are times when talented and wise men like Zhang Liang and Han Xin are in trouble, and there are times when wise kings like Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty are unclear. It is not surprising that "the Qingyun scholars are also abandoned today." . Before the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Li Bai once traveled to Youzhou alone to explore the reality of Anlu Mountain. In 754 AD (the thirteenth year of Tianbao), he went to Chang'an three times to report to the court that An Lushan wanted to rebel. However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very ignorant. Anyone who accused An Lushan of wanting to rebel was sent to An Lushan to be punished. . Therefore, Li Bai "had a plan and did not dare to offend the dragon scales, so he fled to the southern country to avoid Hu Chen". Legend has it that there is an inverse scale ruler under the dragon's neck. If its inverse scales are touched, it will be angry and hurt. This is used here to mean that the emperor is moody and does not like to listen to criticism, implying that Emperor Xuanzong and Suzong of the Tang Dynasty are by no means like the emperors of the Han Dynasty. A wise king and wise master. In addition to being angry, the poet had no choice but to "hang the precious book and jade sword in the high pavilion, and disperse the old friends with the golden saddle and horse". On the surface it looks very open-minded, but in fact it expresses deep resentment towards the imperial court for not using talented people. The poet had nothing to do but to be a guest in the houses of princes. I had just been a guest at a banquet at the home of the prefect of Xuancheng, and now I was a guest at the Liyang Mansion. There was nowhere to express his pride and ambition. He could only yell and shout in the audience to cheer up his ambition and vent his anger.
The third paragraph is from "Chu people are all Zhang Xuqi" to the end of the poem. The first six sentences praise the great calligrapher Zhang Xu's talent and personality, the last six sentences describe the scene of a banquet with guests and Zhang Xu in a Liyang restaurant, and the last two sentences describe his ambition and ambition to fish in the East China Sea, expressing his unresolved ambitions. Already, I still have the thought of waiting for an opportunity to serve the country and make meritorious deeds. Zhang Xu is a good friend of Li Bai. When they were in Chang'an, they had a "Drinking of the Eight Immortals" tour with He Zhizhang, Cui Zongzhi and others.
Zhang Xu was not only revered as the "Grass Sage" for his good calligraphy, but also had great ambitions. He was deeply appreciated by the local governor of Wu County and was even admired by heroes at home and abroad. Because Zhang Xu served as a county captain in Changshu, the poem compared him with Xiao He and Cao Shen, ministers of the early Han Dynasty who had served as officials in Peizhong, saying that he would also have great successes in the future, "climb the dragon and attach the phoenix", and do something great. Come. Although these few sentences are intended to wish Zhang Xu well, they also contain the poet's own wishes. The last few sentences indicate the time and place of the farewell banquet with Zhang Xu and others, as well as the lively scene of singing, dancing, Lao drums and drinking at the banquet. Finally, he bid farewell to Zhang Xu and others, saying that he would go fishing in the Aodong Sea like the god Ren Gongzi in "Zhuangzi" and display his grand ambition to secure the country and benefit the people.
The "big fish" caught by Mr. Ren in "Zhuangzi Foreign Objects" is said to be "white waves like mountains, the sea water is trembling, the sound is like ghosts and gods, and it is heard thousands of miles away", which refers to what is said at the beginning of this poem. The "giant turtle" that makes the sea water shake, or the "long whale" mentioned frequently in the poem. "Giant Ao" and "Long Whale" refer to the Anshi rebels in many places in Li Bai's poems. Therefore, fishing in the East China Sea should be a metaphor for looking for opportunities to suppress rebellion and serve the country.
Although this long song was written in letters, it is actually a masterpiece of "both carving and polishing, returning to simplicity". Its structure is quite ingenious. Wang Qi once commented on this poem and said: "It is consistent from beginning to end, with clear context, majestic and spiritual movement, and no trace."
Introduction to the author
Li Bai (February 28, 701 - 762), Taibai, Qinglian Jushi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, known as the "Immortal of Poetry" and the greatest romantic poet. Han nationality, born in Suiye City in the Western Regions (today's Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan). At the age of 5, he moved with his father to Changlong County, Mianzhou (Brazil County), Jiannan Road (renamed Changming County in 712, now Qinglian, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan). Township), his ancestral home is Chengji County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province). His father, Li Ke, raised two sons (Boqin and Tianran) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than a thousand poems and articles in existence, and his representative works include "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Road is Difficult to Travel", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell", "About to Enter the Wine" and other poems. There is also "The Collection of Li Taibai" handed down to the world. He died of illness in Dangtu, Anhui in 762 at the age of 61.
Li Bai's poetry creation has a strong subjective color, which mainly focuses on expressing heroic spirit and passionate feelings, and rarely gives detailed descriptions of objective things and specific times. The free and uninhibited temperament, the arrogant and independent personality, and the strong emotions that are easy to touch and explode form the distinctive characteristics of Li Bai's lyrical style of poetry. He tends to be eruptive. Once his emotions are aroused, they rush out without restraint, like a violent surge in the sky and an erupting volcano. His imagination is strange, often has unusual connections, and changes with the flow of emotions.