This article is a modern poem, divided into four sections, with clear writing ideas. The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs:
Section 1, from street lamps on the ground to stars in the sky.
The second section is about the market in the sky.
Section 3 and 4, imagine life in the sky from the market in the sky.
(2) The theme is clear.
Through the description of the beautiful life in Tianjie, this poem shows the hatred of the dark reality and the yearning for the ideal life, and inspires people to struggle to realize this ideal.
Because the author faces the dark reality, he feels that the beautiful world is only in the sky, and he imagines how beautiful the streets in the sky are. In this imagination, he pinned his ideals and told people what the ideal world should look like, with the aim of inspiring people to fight for this ideal. This poem allows readers of that era to understand the darkness of reality naturally, arouse their yearning for the ideal and fight for it.
(3) natural association, rich imagination, beautiful artistic conception and beautiful language.
This poem outlines a beautiful artistic conception with association and imagination. The so-called association is the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another, for example, from bright street lamps to countless stars. The so-called imagination is the process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. For example, the beauty of the market in the sky belongs to imagination. It is further imagination to think of people from the market and imagine how the cowherd and the weaver girl live a free and beautiful life. In this way, the author wrote from earth to heaven, creating a wonderful artistic conception full of fantasy and poetry. The elegance of poetic language is also a major feature.
Street lamps and stars are far apart in the night, and the visual experience is very similar. Therefore, the poet naturally put pen to paper, integrated the earth and the sky, and then indulged his imagination in the starry sky. In the second quarter, the light pen is slightly bold, imagining the wonderful and hazy back of heaven and earth. The third section introduces characters to make the imagination more concrete and real; The fourth sentence is about meteors, which are the bright spots dancing in the sky and make the whole poetic realm suddenly active. The poet seems to have adopted the traditional technique of layering in Chinese painting, which makes the picture clearer and the illusion more and more moving. At the end of the sentence, "They walk with lanterns" vividly depicts the image of the cowherd and the weaver girl to the readers. The poem has been closed, but the scene of interstellar characters shuttling continues, which seems to have a leisurely aftertaste.
(4) The language of the whole poem is simple, the words are accurate, the life scene in Tianjie is properly expressed, and the artistic conception is far-reaching.
When describing the life in Tianjie, the author only wrote that the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid "rode cows" on the banks of the "shallow" Tianhe River, and finally only wrote that they "walked with lanterns". The content and language are very simple, without flowery words and descriptions, but they depict a simple and peaceful picture of life. Because of this, this poem left an unforgettable impression on readers, but also gave people room for imagination.
In the first section of this poem, the author uses two groups of words to express stars and street lamps. "Ming" and "dot" are used to write street lamps; The words "flash" and "now" are used to write stars. Because the street lamp lights up in the dark, people make it light up, so it appears with "dots"; The star already exists, but it becomes more and more obvious as the night darkens, so "now" is used to indicate its appearance. Moreover, because there is no obvious change after the street lamp is turned on, "bright" is used to indicate the state, while the stars are flashing all the time, so "flashing" is used to indicate the state. Although it is a few commonly used words, it is used appropriately and accurately.
In addition, verbs such as "think" and "look" are used many times in the poem, which accurately expresses the author's ideological activities and makes the whole poem clear and hierarchical.
Comrade Guo Moruo is a famous master of textual criticism. This poem also has this feature. To give a few examples: the words "flash" and "dot" in the first section "Twinkling Stars" and "Lighting Street Lights" are easy for students to make mistakes when reciting. Tell the characteristics of these two words carefully, and students will never make mistakes again. With the word "flash", the characteristics of stars blinking like people are written; With the word "point", the characteristics of people lighting with matchsticks are written-all lights in China use oil or gas, and oil or gas always needs a fire "point" to burn. Although the electric light was introduced later, the word "dot" was still not lost. "Flash" is "star" and "point" is "light". The most ingenious word in the poem is "flower". Generally speaking, the quantifier of star is "star". Why do you use "flowers" here? Because meteors are some solid dust particles distributed among stars, they fly into the atmosphere, rub against the atmosphere, and emit heat and glow. A solid burst into many small particles, forming a trumpet-shaped flower with a small top and a large bottom. Like a flower, it can naturally be described as a "flower". This describes the characteristics of a meteor and draws a picture with a "flower" calligraphy and painting. I think this explanation is helpful for students to master the content of poetry and inspire them to observe the characteristics of things carefully.
Step 2 focus on the essence
Association and imagination are the writing skills used by the author in this poem.
At the beginning of the poem, the poet saw "street lamps in the distance", which appeared and disappeared like stars in the sky, so he naturally linked "street lamps" with "stars" and expressed this association in figurative rhetoric, which not only described the charming night scene, but also hinted at the pursuit of a bright future and dissatisfaction with the dark reality. This kind of "association" with strong fantasy color attracts readers' attention from the world to the sky, paving the way for the detailed description of "the market in the sky" below.
In the last three sections, the author uses imagination to describe the furnishings of Tianjie, the life of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and their current activities. The objective existence of the "fairyland", "Tianhe" and "meteor" conceived by the poet with imagination is so concrete and real: a beautiful market, where exotic goods can live, and a cowherd and a weaver girl ride cows and carry lanterns. In the poet's pen, myths and legends are perfectly integrated with the actual scene, which seems unreal and true, arouses readers' infinite reverie, follows the author's imagination and travels in fairyland, thus feeling the poet's beautiful feelings of pursuing ideals.
Introduce two different concepts: association and imagination. The so-called association is the psychological process of thinking of another thing from one thing. Recall another thing from the current thing, or think of another thing from the recalled thing, which is association. Objective things are always interrelated, and different things are reflected in the mind, forming different associations: things close in space or time form close associations; Things with similar characteristics form similar associations; Contrastive associations are formed between things with antagonistic relations; Things with causal relationship form causal associations, and so on. Imagination is a psychological process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. These new images are formed by the processing and transformation of accumulated consciousness. Although people can imagine the image of things that have never been perceived or actually do not exist, the content of imagination always comes from objective reality.
Then can you sort out the author's imagination in this article? What is the purpose of the author's imagination?
The process of the author's imagination is:
The author's magnificent imagination aims at eliciting the freedom of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the author's will, expressing the author's yearning for freedom, expressing his dissatisfaction with the dark reality of suppressing people's freedom, and inspiring people to break through all kinds of constraints, resist oppression and win freedom.
Step 3 elaborate on the difficulties
This poem has beautiful artistic conception, slow rhythm, charm and interest of classical poetry, and is suitable for reading aloud. We should strengthen reading training, distinguish the rhythm, read the stress correctly and read the feelings. The general principle of reading aloud is to grasp the beautiful, quiet, comfortable, fresh and slightly melancholy emotional tone of these two poems; When reading aloud, the rhythm should not be strong, the voice should not be loud, the speed should not be fast, and it should be relaxed, soft and soothing. The rhythm and stress of these two poems are divided as follows for reference when reading aloud:
Streets in the sky
Distant/street lamp/sunny,
Like/twinkle/countless/stars.
A star in the sky/now,
Like/burn/countless/street lamps.
I think/ethereal/air,
There must be a/America/city.
In the market/on display/on something/something,
It must be/the world/no/exotic.
You see,/that shallow/Tianhe,
It must be/not very/extensive.
The cowherd/weaver girl across the river,
I'm sure I can/ride an ox/come and go.
I think/they/at present,
I'm sure/I'm/I'm/I'm wandering around the street.
Don't believe,/look/that meteor,
It's them/carrying lanterns/walking.