To the east of Dongting and to the west are the rivers and rivers. The curtains do not move and the sun sets late. ——Chen Yuyi of the Song Dynasty, "Two Poems on Climbing the Yueyang Tower" Dongting is located in the east of Dongting River and in the west of the river. The curtains cannot move and the sun sets late.
From "Two Poems on Climbing the Yueyang Tower" written by Chen Yuyi of the Song Dynasty
Dongting is east of the river and west of the river. The curtains cannot move but the setting sun is late.
Climb to the land that divides Wu and Shu, and move to the lake and mountains at dusk.
Traveling thousands of miles away is still a far-sighted journey, and more than three years have been difficult and dangerous.
In the ancient wind and frost, old Mucangbo is infinitely sad. Climb the tower, write the scene, express feelings and emotions. Translation and annotations
Translation
The majestic Yueyang Tower stands east of Dongting Lake and west of the Yangtze River. The sun sets at dusk, there is no evening breeze, and the signboard on the pavilion remains still. Not moving.
Climb to the boundary between Wu and Shu (Jingzhou) and wander around the lakes and mountains at dusk.
After traveling thousands of miles, how do you feel when you climb high and look far away today? I traveled for three years to avoid the war.
When I climbed up the stairs to pay homage to the ancients, my temples were already frosty. Looking at the ancient trees in the distant mountains, there was infinite sadness hidden in the green sky.
The flat lake reflects the shadow of the sky. The sky is clear and calm, and the wild geese are flying in the sky.
Many people in Yueyang Tower are watching the autumn scenery and watching the sunset on Junshan Mountain.
To the north you can see the white head, and to the south you can see the red maple.
I enjoyed the scenery along the way, but when I arrived in Baling, I had not written any poems. Appreciation
The first one
The two capitals of "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" are seven-character rhymed poems. The first one is the poet's opening poem about Yueyang Tower, so it is carefully crafted and written solemnly. The first couplet describes the geographical location of Yueyang Tower. It first focuses on the big picture, with Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River as the background, and grandly launches Yueyang Tower in a macroscopic view. "Dongting is east of Dongting and rivers are west." In a seven-character sentence, the poet cleverly used the two directional words "east" and "west", and connected them with lakes and rivers, so that the location of Yueyang Tower can be seen. Then he wrote about what he saw when he looked up, as "the curtains are still and the sunset is late." This sentence is the most colorful stroke in describing the scene in the whole poem. It seems ordinary, but in fact it is delicate. The "curtain flag" is a close-up view, and the "sunset" is a distant view. The close-up and distant views merge into one. The poet's sight scans from near to far, gradually letting go and blending into the vast twilight. The motionless curtain flag indicates that the lake is calm; the late setting sun reminds you of the tranquility of the evening. Such a poetic and picturesque situation can't help but arouse the poet's rich reverie.
The poem's couplets rise from static and soothing descriptions of scenery to strong lyricism. Like a variation of music, these two poems seem to be repeating the above theme, but their styles are completely different. "Climbing to the land that divides Wu and Shu" is also talking about the geographical location of the climb, but it is added with a strong sense of history; "Moving to the lake and mountains when it's twilight" is also talking about climbing up a building to view the scenery at dusk, but it is also mixed with a bit of wistfulness. . This kind of gradient is a kind of contrast, a kind of transition, and a kind of imitation that combines things and myself. Here, the main image of the poet appears in the poem inadvertently and naturally. He is thinking, wandering, blending into the scenery, and expressing his feelings through the scenery.
After the previous preparations, the poet finally issued the loudest and strongest cry in the neck couplet in a way that was close to a direct shout: "Thousands of miles of travel is still far away, and more than three years of hardship is even more difficult with danger." These two lines of poetry express the resentment in the heart of a minister who has lost his country. The contrast between "Ten Thousand Miles" and "Three Years" tells the story from the span of space and time respectively, which has a double superimposed artistic effect, which makes people feel deeply moved when reading it. The poet's "travel thousands of miles" is just an elegant way of saying that he has fled thousands of miles, but there is nothing he can do about it. The depression in my heart can only be relieved by "looking from afar". "It's been more than three years." It's already too much to bear, but we still have to climb up here and face danger. It's unbearable. Up to this point, the poetry has gone through many twists and turns, pushing the emotion to the extreme.
In the last couplet of the poem, Gu Ying feels pity for himself, ending the whole poem with the infinite sadness of his life experience. At this time, the poet was already in his forties, reaching the age of forty, so he spoke of "grey head"; instead of mentioning the present, he spoke of "reminiscing about the past", which is implicit and meaningful; "wind and frost" clearly refers to natural things, which is a metaphor for social reality. , with a pun; and "Old Mu Cangbo" is a coat that wraps the image of the poet, with infinite sorrow and hatred. This couplet seems to be the poet talking to himself. He is aging and turning gray before he is old. He is worried and sad about national affairs, family affairs, himself, and his fellow countrymen who have lost their country and their families like himself. He is mourning the past and the present, and feeling sad for the past. , in the season of autumn frost, I feel that the world is like wind and frost, extremely cold. The aging dead trees and the desolate lake surface are like the author himself. The endless desolation of being reduced to the end of the world, the infinite sorrow of the destruction of the country and the death of the family, all are left unsaid.
Second Purpose This poem describes what the poet saw and felt when he climbed the tower. Although he was describing his visit to Yueyang Tower, he was concerned about national affairs and worried about the country and the people, so he used climbing the tower to compose a patriotic poem. Creation background In April of the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Kaifeng and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. At that time, Chen Yuyi was demoted to Chenliu (southeast of today's Kaifeng, Henan) as a minor official overseeing the wine tax. Naturally, he joined the ranks of refugees who fled south to Xianghan, Hunan, and Hunan, and became homeless.
He went into exile in Dongting Lake, climbed the Yueyang Tower several times, and wrote several poems to remember his events, including these two poems "Climbing the Yueyang Tower". Chen Yuyi (1090-1138), courtesy name Qufei and nickname Jianzhai, was of Han nationality. His ancestors lived in Jingzhao, and his great-grandfather Chen Xiliang moved to Luoyang, so he was a native of Luoyang, Henan Province in the Song Dynasty (now part of Henan). He was born in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), the reign of Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, and died in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), the eighth year of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. An outstanding poet at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty was also good at writing lyrics. Although there are only a dozen of his poems extant today, they have a unique style, especially close to that of Su Dongpo. His language is extraordinary, his writing is powerful, sparse, bright, and natural. He is the author of "Jian Zhai Ji".
Chen Yuyi When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue. The waves in the river are surging from the sky, and the wind and clouds are blocking the ground. Autumn sails are far away on the Qingfeng River, and ancient trees are sparse beside Baidi City. Willows and trees in the east wind, green and green on the river. It is laughable that the Chu River is empty and indistinct, but it cannot wash away the injustice of the direct ministers. As the day fades behind the mountains, the Yellow River flows into the sea. Entering Wu in the cold rainy night, I see off my guests in Chu Shangu in the morning. The mountains are covered with red flowers, and the spring water of the Shu River washes over the mountains. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. I don’t know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending water. The Tianmen interrupts the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flows eastwards to this point. The Yangtze River has sadly stagnated, and it will return thousands of miles away. The lake is clear, the frost mirror is dawning, and the white waves are coming from the snow-capped mountains. I don’t hear the mother-in-law’s voice calling the girl, but I hear the sound of the Yellow River water splashing.
Rivers and seas do not choose small streams, so they can be deep;