Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Wang Wei
Original text:
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
translate
The empty mountain is bathed in a new rain, and the arrival of night makes people feel that it is early autumn.
The moon is clear and clear, and the clear spring is flowing.
The bamboo forest was noisy until the washerwoman came back, and the lotus leaves swayed like canoes.
The wheat straw in spring might as well let it rest, and the prince and grandson in the mountains can stay in autumn.
To annotate ...
(1) (mí ng): At sunset, it will be late.
⑵ Empty Mountain: Empty Shan Ye. Tzu Chi Xin: Just now.
(3) Crystal stone in the stream: It describes the scenery after the rain.
(4) Bamboo sound: laughter and noise in the bamboo forest. Noisy: Noisy, here refers to the rustling of bamboo leaves. Huàn: The girl who washes clothes. Huan: Washing clothes.
5] Casual: Casual. Chunfang: Flowers and plants in spring. Rest: dissipate, disappear.
[6] Wang Sun: Originally refers to the aristocratic children, and later refers to the recluse. Stay: stay. In turn, this sentence uses Huainan Xiaoshan's "Recruit Hermits": "When the king returns, he cannot stay in the mountains for a long time", and Wang also refers to himself. Embodies the omnipotent mind.
This poem is a famous landscape sketch, which embodies the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of ideal realm in poetry and painting.
"The empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening." In the poem, it is clearly written that there is a female fishing boat. How can the poet write that it is an "empty mountain"? It turns out that the lush trees in the mountains cover up the traces of people's activities. This is the so-called "there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice" (Chai Lu). Because there are few people here, "Who knows that someone is coming in the gorge, and outsiders only see the empty mountains and thick clouds" ("Peach Garden Line"); Naturally, someone came from Fuchiyama. The word "empty mountain" points out that besides, it is like a paradise. In the early days of Shan Yu, everything was new. It was early autumn evening. It is conceivable that the air is fresh and the scenery is wonderful.
"Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream." It was dark, but there was a bright moon in the sky. The flowers have withered, but there are pine trees covered. The mountain spring is clear, flowing through the rocks, like a pure white plain, shining in the moonlight, what a quiet and clear natural beauty! Wang Wei's Ode to the Four Saints on Economy once praised the noble sentiments of the two sages, saying that "there is no evil wood in the shade, and drinking water must be extreme." The poet himself is such a noble-minded person. He once said: "It's better to rest in the wild forest than to drink the stream, and you don't have to sit on the beam and watch the princes be unfair." "("Stone Palace ") This month, pine trees and clear springs on the stone are his ideal realm, aren't they? These two sentences are picturesque, free and easy, and have little strength. Such touching and natural scenery writing has reached the level of artistic perfection, which is beyond the ordinary people's ability to learn. "Bamboo whispers laundry women return, lotus leaves bend in front of the fishing boat. "A burst of laughter broke out in the bamboo forest. It was some innocent girls who washed their clothes and came back with a smile. The graceful lotus leaves spread out to both sides one after another, overturning countless pearl-like crystal drops. It's a fishing boat going down the river, which cuts the tranquility of the moonlight in the lotus pond. There are such a group of carefree, hardworking and kind people under the bright moon and among the bamboos and violets. This pure and beautiful picture of life reflects the poet's ideal of living a quiet simple living, and at the same time, it shows his aversion to dirty officialdom from the opposite side. These two sentences are skillfully written, but the pen does not show traces, which makes people feel very clever. The poet wrote "Bamboo Noisy" and "Lotus Moving" first, because the Huannv was hidden in the bamboo forest and the fishing boat was covered by lotus leaves. At first, I didn't see it. When I heard the noise of the bamboo forest and saw the lotus leaves in full bloom, I found the Huannv and the Lotus Boat. This writing is more realistic and poetic.
The two couplets in the middle of the poem are all about scenery, but each has its own emphasis. Zhuan Xu re-writes, fragrant and clear; Neck ties focus on writing people and hope for political communication with people. At the same time, the two complement each other. Spring water, pine, bamboo and purple can be said to be a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiment and an ideal environment for the poet.
Since the poet is so noble, and he found a satisfactory paradise in that seemingly "empty mountain", he couldn't help saying, "My friend's prince, spring has passed, and you are still here. What does it matter? ! "The original" Songs of the South Calling Hermits "said:" When the king returns, he can't stay in the mountains for a long time! " The poet's experience is just the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the DPRK", clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and lead a totally clean life, so he decided to retire.
An important artistic technique of this poem is to express the poet's personality beauty and an ideal social beauty with natural beauty. On the surface, this poem only uses the method of "Fu" to shape mountains and rivers, and gives a detailed and touching description of the scenery. Actually, it's full of comparisons. The poet expresses his ambition through the description of the scenery, which is rich in content and intriguing.
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), whose real name was Moju, was called "Wang Youcheng", a famous figure and painter in the Tang Dynasty. Because of his deep belief in Buddhism, he is also called "Shi Fo".
Born in Zhou Pu (now Yuncheng yongji city) in 70 1 year. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Zhong Jinshi was appointed as Tai Lecheng, and was demoted as the treasurer of Jeju Army because of the involvement of actors who danced yellow lions. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was in power, and he was appointed as the right to collect remains. The following year, he was moved to the frontier and was ordered to serve as our envoy in Liangzhou Hexi. After that, I was half-official and half-hidden. After the Anshi Rebellion was arrested, he was forced to assume a false post, and after the war subsided, he was jailed. When he was captured, he wrote Ning Bichi to express the pain of national subjugation and the feeling of missing the imperial court, and because his brother Wang Jin made meritorious service and asked to cut books for his brother's atonement, he was pardoned and reduced to Prince Zhongyun. Later, he moved to Zhongshu and gave up his family. In the end, the minister was right.
His talent is very early. He is both a poet and a Zen master. Born into a devout Buddhist family, according to his book Please Make Shizhuang a Temple Watch, "My mother died, so Cui Shi, king of Boling County, was a teacher in his thirties." In Volume 25 of Notes on Wang Youcheng, there is an article "Ta Ming, a Buddhist monk in Dajianfu Temple", which describes the relationship between the poet and Daoguang Zen Master, a famous contemporary Buddhist monk: "Ten years later", it can be seen that Wang Wei really has an indissoluble bond with Buddhism and lived a monk-like life in his later years. According to "Old Tang Book", "In the capital, I spent quite a long time in Zhai, and I was taught not to wear clothes. I want to measure emptiness with tiny details, and I have nothing to do with it. I just want to focus on the relics. " More than a dozen monks, such as Cai, enjoy private conversations every day. They have nothing but a teapot and a mortar in the lent and are tied to the bed. After retiring from the DPRK, he burned incense and sat alone, taking Zen as his career. "This time, Wang Wei is like a monk.
He is as clever as his brother Kim, who is one year younger. At the age of fifteen, he went to Beijing to take an exam. Because he can write good poems, be good at calligraphy and painting, and have a talent for music, Wang Wei, a teenager, immediately became the darling of princes and nobles in Beijing. As for his talent in music, a supplement to Tang Shi once told a story: once, a man got a painting to play music, but he didn't know why he was named after it. Wang Wei looked at it and replied, "This is the first shot of the third colorful feather." Ask a musician to play, and it's exactly the same (according to the research of Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan Volume 17 "Calligraphy and Painting", the third "colorful feather" is not a shot, but a Sanqu, and Bai Juyi's sentence "The middle sequence breaks into a shot" can also illustrate this point. Shen Kuo is proficient in temperament, and his words are credible. Wang Weigong's temperament is recorded in the official history, but this story is fabricated.
In the poem, there are written materials written by him at the age of fifteen, seventeen and eighteen. It can be seen that he was already a famous poet when he was a teenager. This is rare among poets. In the aristocratic hereditary society at that time, a versatile person would naturally be appreciated by Wei. So, at the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to Jinshi.
After becoming an official, Wang Wei used his leisure time in officialdom to build a villa at the foot of the South Blue Sky Mountain in Beijing to cultivate his self-cultivation. The owner of this villa is Song Wenzhi, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. This is a very vast place, with mountains and lakes, Woods and valleys, and some houses scattered among them. At this time, Wang Wei and his intimate friends lived a leisurely life. This is his semi-official and semi-secluded life.
Wang Wei, who has been living a comfortable life, was involved in unexpected waves in his later years. An Shi Rebellion broke out in the 14th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755). In the war, he was captured by the thief army and forced to be a fake official. However, this became a serious problem after the war subsided, so he was handed over to the company for trial. He defected to the rebels and deserved to be beheaded. Fortunately, in the chaos, he wrote a poem longing for the son of heaven. In addition, his younger brother, who was an assistant minister of punishments at that time (fled with the emperor), begged him to exchange his official position for his younger brother's life, so Wang was spared and was only demoted. Later, he was promoted to Shangshu Youcheng.
Wang Wei had positive political ambitions in his early years, hoping to make a great career. Later, the political situation changed, and he gradually became depressed, fasting and chanting Buddha. In his forties, he deliberately built a villa in Wangchuan, Lantian County, southeast of Chang 'an, and lived a semi-official and semi-secluded life on Zhong Nanshan Mountain. A Message from Wangchuan Bieye is a chapter in his seclusion life, and its main content is "expressing ambition", expressing the poet's desire to stay away from the secular and continue to live in seclusion. The scenery in the poem is not deliberately laid out, natural and fresh, as if it is handy, and the distant place is self-evident and has profound connotations. Wang Wei's achievements in poetry are various, including frontier poems, landscape poems, metrical poems and quatrains.