Poetry can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry (old-style poetry) according to the times.
There are several different forms of classical poetry, such as ancient poetry (also known as ancient poetry and ancient style), modern poetry (also known as modern poetry and metrical poetry), ci (also known as poetry, long and short sentences, qu ci and qu ci) and qu.
Classical poetry is an ancient free poem with free form, unlimited length, infinitive (referring to miscellaneous words), no antithesis, free rhyme and so on. There are four-character ancient poems (first appeared in the Book of Songs), five-character ancient poems (matured in the Han Dynasty, such as Nineteen Ancient Poems), seven-character ancient poems (matured in the Tang Dynasty, such as the Song of Eternal Sorrow) and Yuefu poems (some titles have songs, lines, quotations, songs, songs, etc.).
Modern poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the regular arrangement, it also has the positions of definite sentences, definite words, definite sounds and definite rhymes. It has two types: quatrains and metrical poems. Quatrains are divided into five-character quatrains (five-character quatrains) and seven-character quatrains (seven-character quatrains), and metrical poems are divided into five-character metrical poems (five rhymes), seven-character metrical poems (seven rhymes) and arranged rhymes.
Ci reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. According to the number of words, it can be divided into three forms: Xiao Ling (within 58 words), Zhong Diao (within 59-90 words) and Long Diao (above 9 1 word). The tone of the word is fixed, the sentence is fixed, the word is fixed, and the rhyme is positioned.
Qu Xingsheng was born in Yuan Dynasty, and there are two forms: Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu has two forms: poem (short tune) and divertimento (also called divertimento).
(3) Relevant knowledge of poems, words and songs
(1) New Poetry and Old Poetry
New poetry refers to free poems written in vernacular Chinese advocated by the New Culture Movement around the May 4th Movement, such as Farewell to Cambridge and I Love This Land. The metrical poems written by modern people in classical Chinese are called old-style poems, such as Mao Zedong's Qinyuanchun Changsha and Chen Yi's meiling three chapters. They are all modern poems.
② Ancient poetry and modern poetry.
Classical poetry and modern poetry are divided from the perspective of poetic rhythm. The main difference between them is that modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the early Tang Dynasty, which has strict rules on the number of words, rhyme and antithesis, while classical poetry does not talk about metrical poetry, and poems before the Tang Dynasty are all classical poetry.
(3) rhyming quatrains (also called abridged sentences)
The difference between metrical poems and quatrains is mainly in the number of sentences. There are only four quatrains, which can be typed or not. There are * * * eight metrical poems, one or two of which are head couplets, three or four are parallel couplets, five or six are neck couplets, and seven or eight are tail couplets; The first couplet and the last couplet can be couplet, but they can't be couplet, and the couplet and the neck couplet must be couplet; No matter whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, there are requirements for leveling. Rhymes of more than eight sentences are excluded.
④ Songs, lines and quotations
There is no strict difference between the three genres of ancient poetry. Generally speaking, syllables and metrical forms are relatively free, including five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, such as "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind", "Pipa Line" and "Li Ping Quotations".
⑤ Yuefu New Yuefu
Yuefu, originally the official name in charge of music in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, later became a poetic name. Music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties are called Yuefu for short. Xinle Building was built in the early Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, poets wrote Yuefu poems, except for the old poems of Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. A few poets wrote new poems, which were different from the original rhyme, so they were called new Yuefu, and the name of the new Yuefu was determined by Bai Juyi.
⑥ Title and inscription
The difference between title and epigraph: the title of a word is the embodiment of the content of the word, and epigraph is the name of the tune of the word. For example, in Nian Nujiao Nostalgia for Red Cliff, Nian Nujiao is a epigraph and Chibi Nostalgia is the title, which reveals that the word is lyrics and the place is Chibi. A word must have a epigraph, but not necessarily a title. A word is divided into two sections, the upper section is called "Shangque" (or "Part I") and the lower section is called "Xiaque" (or "Part II") (Que means the end of music).
All landowners Sanqu
Sanqu is a kind of songs played in harmony, which rose in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and degenerated from words. Style is similar to writing but freer than writing, so you can add lines to the number of words. Use spoken English more. Sanqu includes two forms: poems and sets of numbers. There is only one tune in this poem, such as "Yue Diao Jing Tian Kill Qiu Si" and only one song "Jing Tian Kill". The number of sets is to combine multiple tunes in one tune into one set, which is a coherent set of tunes in traditional Chinese opera or Sanqu. The number of a set of songs is uncertain, ranging from two to more. Each set of numbers takes the name of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs; The whole song must be the same palace tune, with a beginning and an end, and the end rhymes; Use "sand" at the end, and there is no rule on how many times to use it. For example, The Return of Great Grandfather contains eight tunes belonging to Gongdiao, and Whispering is the name of this tune as well as the whole tune.