The so-called rhyming (also called rhyming and Ye Yun) means putting the words with the same rhyme in the designated position.
The so-called rhyme is to classify words with the same vowels into one category, which is called rhyme.
All the words in the homonym are homophones. Any poem requires rhyme, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign. The difference is that there are more or less restrictions on rhyme, and there are strict and wide restrictions. This is also the biggest difference between poetry and other literary genres. The common rhyme is 108.
The Book of Songs is based on the ancient thirty rhymes.
Among the 30 ancient rhymes, there are three kinds: Yin rhyme, Ru rhyme and Yang rhyme. They are:
Yin rhyme: part, branch, fish part, back part, night part, static part, micro part, fat part and song part.
Rhyme: Ministry, Tin Department, Tudor Department, House Department, Medicine Department, Sensory Department, Material Department, Quality Department, Moon Department, Seizure Department and Leaf Department.
Yang Yun: Steaming Department, Farming Department, Yang Department, East Department, Winter Department, Culture Department, True Department, Yuan Department, Invasion Department and Talking Department.
Supplement:
Ancient Chinese > edited by Yin Guoguang, Renmin University of China Press.
Pages 335 to 337.
Gu, an archaeologist in the early Qing Dynasty, was inspired by Changdi's thoughts and works, and made a concrete analysis and induction of the rhymes such as The Book of Songs and The Songs of the South. He divided the ancient rhymes into ten parts and recorded five rhymes such as Rhyme, Poetry, Yi Yin, Tang Dynasty and Gu Yinbiao.
Later archaeologists (such as Jiang Yong, Duan Yucai, Dai Zhen, Kong Guangsen, Wang Niansun, Zhang, etc. On the basis of Gu's research, this paper further investigates the phonological harmony and radicals of the Book of Songs, Chuci and other rhymes in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and divides them more and more finely. According to Mr. Wang Li's textual research, The Book of Songs has 29 ancient rhymes of 1 1, and The Songs of Chu has 30 ancient rhymes.
The following are 30 ancient rhymes in eleven categories:
Yin rhyme into rhyme, Yang rhyme into rhyme.
Category I 1, department 2, department 3, steam department
The second kind 4, branch 5, tin part 6, ploughing part
There are 7 in the third category, 8 in the Fish Department, 9 in the Tudor Department and 9 in the Yang Department.
Class IV 10, Houkou 1 1, House 12, East
Category V 13, night department 14, medical department.
Category VI: 15, Uber 16, Sensory 17, winter.
The seventh category is 18, micro-department 19, content department 20 and culture department.
The eighth category is 2 1, fat part 22, quality part 23 and true part.
Category 9 24: Song Dynasty 25, Moon Dynasty 26, Yuan Dynasty
Category 10: 27, Arrest Department: 28, Invasion Department?
Eleventh category 29, leaf part 30, speech part
According to Mr. Wang Li's construction of ancient sounds, in the above table, the rhymes of similar rhymes are the same, such as fish, Tudor and Yang, and their rhymes are all [a], while Hou, Fu and East are all [o]; In the same vertical line, adjacent rhymes are generally similar in belly rhyme and rhyme ending, such as entering rhyme: position-meaning part, rhyme ending is [k], material part-moon part, rhyme ending is [t]; The ending is [P] of grasping, leaf and rhyme. Generally speaking, rhyming words are similar in pronunciation. No matter the rhyme of poetry, the phenomenon of empty words or the phenomenon of homologous words, they must be based on the same or similar pronunciation.
The above-mentioned "dryness, dryness and exhaustion" are homologous. Judging from the ancient sound, "gan" belongs to the fish department, "gan" belongs to the Tudor department and "exhaustion" belongs to the moon department. They all rhyme like [a], and their sounds are similar. Therefore, sounds can be communicated. (Press: The initials of the three are similar. )
What words were included in every rhyme in ancient times? First of all, it is summarized according to the pre-Qin rhymes such as The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. As for the words that are not used as rhymes, homophonic radicals are the main ones. Generally speaking, words with the same homonym belong to homophony. For example, we know that the word "tapir" belongs to the fish department, and the word "tapir" comes from Bade, so all the words "ba, ba, rake and yuan" from Bade also belong to the fish department.
As for the ancient initials system, the research results are far less than those of the ancient finals system, and there is no conclusion so far. On the basis of the thirty-six characters of Song people (see the next section "A Brief Introduction to the Middle Ages"), scholars of the previous generation studied the merger and differentiation of some letters according to the exegetical materials of ancient Chinese characters. For example, Qian Daxin, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, put forward that "there is no light lip sound in ancient times" and "there is no tongue in ancient times" (Ten New Records), and Zhang, a modern scholar, put forward that "mother and mother return to mud" (on the balance of national heritage), and so on. Their research is of great reference value. According to the previous research results, 28 ancient initials are tentatively determined, as follows:
Lip sounds help (not) heal (apply) and (serve) clarify (slightly).
(Press: The four vowels of the light lip sound "Fei" in brackets are all pronounced as the four vowels of the heavy lip sound "Bang". The same below. )
Tongue sounds come from (know) through (penetrate) through (clarify) mud (mother tongue)
Zhang Chang's boat book was Zen for four days
The essence of pronunciation (Zhuang) is to (initially) remove (worship) the evil in the heart.
Query on dental sound and flow group
Laryngeal voice and small box (Yu San)
There must be tones in ancient Chinese, but the specific situation is far from conclusive. Duan Yucai, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, argued that there was no sound in ancient times, only three tones: flat, upper and middle. Modern scholar Huang Kan put forward the theory that there were only two voices in ancient times. Mr. Wang Li advocated that there were four tones in ancient times: long level, short level, long entry and short entry. These viewpoints are valuable for reference and deserve further study.