Farewell to the clouds. I have been a tourist for three years, and today I am in Nanguan again. Infinite rivers and mountains, tears, who said the world is wide. It is known that the road to the spring is close, and it is difficult to leave my hometown. On the day when Yipo returns, the spiritual flag can be seen in the sky. [Edit this paragraph] Note: Jiji (sound) Brigade Yunjian is now west of Songjiang, Shanghai, and is the author's hometown. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), he was arrested here. In addition to his attachment to his hometown, the poem focuses on his grief and indignation at the failure of resisting the Qing Dynasty and his determination to remain unchanged until death. "Three years" sentence: The author participated in the struggle against the Qing Dynasty from the second year of Shunzhi (1645), and traveled in and out of Taihu Lake and its surrounding areas until the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647) and the third year of ***. Nanguan is a hat worn by Chu people in the south in ancient times, and was later used as a nickname for prisoners. The words come from "Zuo Zhuan". Zhong Yi, a native of Chu, was captured. The Marquis of Jin saw that he was wearing a Chu hat and asked those around him, "Who is the one who has the southern crown and the truss?" The official replied, "He is a prisoner of Chu who was offered by the people of Zheng." "This refers to being arrested by Qing soldiers. Two sentences of "Yi Po": It means that after death, he will still fight against the Qing Dynasty. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs. National Memorial": "When the body is dead, the spirit has become a spirit, and the soul has become a ghost." The spirit flag is a kind of battle flag used in ancient times. This refers to the team of successors. Spring Road and Huangquan Road are dead ends. A resolute soul. [Edit this paragraph] Translation: I have been a guest in a foreign land for three years, and today I am a prisoner again. The great mountains and rivers make people shed endless tears. Who said that the world is vast and boundless! I already know that the day of sacrifice for my country is approaching, but it is difficult to say goodbye to my hometown. In the days when my unyielding soul returns, I will be watching the subsequent flags of resistance in the sky. [Edit this paragraph] About the author: Xia Wanchun, whose original name is Fu, whose courtesy name is Cungu, and whose alias is Lingxu, was born in Huating, Songjiang (now the west of Songjiang County, Shanghai). He was born in 1631 AD (the fourth year of Chongzhen reign of Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty) and died in 1647 AD (the fourth year of Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty). A young hero who fought against the Qing Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty and a famous poet. At the age of nine, he was good at poetry and ancient Chinese prose. He was quick in thinking and was known as a child prodigy. His poems are either generous and tragic, or sad and plaintive, "like the chirping of apes, like the cry of cuckoos" (Xie Meiru's words), and are full of strong national consciousness. He is the author of "Collection of History of Xia Nei" and "Ci of Yufantang". [Edit this paragraph] Article appreciation: In 1645 AD, Xia Wanchun (15 years old at the time) joined forces with his father Yunyi and his teacher Chen Zilong to fight against the Qing Dynasty in Songjiang. After the defeat, his father allowed Yi to sink into Songtang and died. Xia Wanchun and his teacher Chen Zilong continued to resist. In 1646, Xia Wanchun formed an alliance with Chen Zilong and Qian Zhan. They planned to restore the Ming Dynasty and wrote to King Lu (Zhu Yihai). King Lu was appointed Zhongshu Sheren to advise Wu Yi in the military affairs of Taihu Lake. At this time, Nanjing had fallen, and Xia Wanchun, who was among the rebels, still had the firm determination to destroy the enemy and restore the Ming Dynasty. In order to resist the Qing Dynasty, the rebels formed a friendship with the same enemy. Soon after the rebel army was defeated and Wu Yi was captured, Xia Wanchun went into exile alone, hiding among the people and continuing his anti-Qing activities. In the summer of 1647 (the fourth year of Shunzhi), Xia Wanchun came to express his gratitude because King Lu Yao granted him the post of Zhongshu Sheren. However, the Qing court discovered this and was arrested. After being sent to Nanjing, Xia Wanchun was unyielding and fought tenaciously. When he was interrogated by Hong Chengchou, the former Ming Dynasty Minister of War and Prince Taibao, who had rebelled and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he used irony and correct words and used derogatory methods to replace praise with praise, and sternly denounced this traitor of the imperial court. The scum of the nation made Hong Chengchou blush and lose all face. While in prison in Nanjing, Xia Wanchun wrote the final letter to his aunt Sheng, "Letter from Prison". On the one hand, he used trivial family matters and sincere instructions to show his attachment to his family. On the other hand, he placed his ambition to revive the Ming Dynasty on his children. Above personal love, he does not care about heirs, saying that he wants "revenge in the next life", which reflects his integrity and dignity. In the end, he died unyieldingly at the age of 17. "Farewell to the Clouds" was written by the author when he was leaving Songjiang before leaving for Nanjing after being arrested by the Qing court. Songjiang County, Shanghai, known as Yunjian in ancient times, is the author's hometown. In this poem, on the one hand, the author holds on to his unyielding determination to leave here and on the other hand, he also expresses his infinite attachment and deep sigh for his hometown where he is about to leave forever. The first couplet of the poem is a narrative. Among them, the word "Ji Lu" gives a highly concise summary of the poet's life of three years of tossing and arduous struggle against the Qing Dynasty, from the time when his father Yunyi and his teacher Chen Zilong started fighting against the Qing Dynasty to when he fell into the enemy's hands. The poet seemed to be calm when he started writing to narrate his experience of the struggle against the Qing Dynasty. However, if you chew it carefully, you can read the poet's turbulent emotions, and you can read that the calm narrative contains the poet's bitterness and infinite sorrow. The couplet expresses the poet's uncontrollable grief and indignation. The fate of being imprisoned by the enemy made it difficult for the poet to regain his ambition, and his ideal of rejuvenating the country finally came to nothing, so the poet became sad and angry: "There are endless tears in the rivers and mountains, who said the world is broad?" The Ming Dynasty was fragmented, devastated, decadent and dilapidated. Faced with this All in all, the poet can't help but "make up a few lines of tears at dusk", and can't help but shed "infinite tears of rivers and mountains". The poet has always been looking forward to the Ming Dynasty's comeback, but in the end, bad luck and ill-fated fate. His patriotic ambition to restore his homeland and reorganize the rivers and mountains failed time and time again. He couldn't help feeling deeply disappointed and mourning. He couldn't help saying to the sky, "Who said the heaven and the earth are broad?" "Questions and accusations. The neck couplet expresses the attachment to hometown and relatives. No matter how disappointed, angry and mournful, the poet is still very clear about the ending of his life: "I know that the spring is near." Life is coming to an end, what should the poet think about? "It is difficult to leave your hometown." Why is it difficult for the poet to leave his hometown? It turned out that what filled his heart was not only national hatred, but also family hatred. My father was defeated in the uprising and died for the country.
And he is the only boy in the family. If he falls into the hands of an enemy this time, it will be unlucky and he will inevitably die. In this way, the family will be unlucky and there may be no heirs. Thinking about the fact that he has been traveling around for many years and failed to fulfill his filial piety to his mother, which caused his aunt to "entrust her legacy to Buddhism" and his biological mother to "parasitize others", and that his family "cannot rely on each other in life and cannot ask each other in death", he thought about letting his newlywed wife Staying alone at home for two years, he failed to fulfill his responsibilities and obligations as a husband. It is still unknown whether his wife is pregnant. Thinking of all this, the poet naturally felt deep guilt and infinite attachment to his family. The alliance's ambition to recover. Although it is hard to say goodbye to his hometown, the poet will eventually put his recovery ambitions above the personal relationships of his children, and will not care about family fortune and heirs. He finally expresses his feelings: "On the day when Yipo returns, I can see the spiritual flag in the sky." Just as the poet said in "Prison" "Twenty years later, Chun Qie and Xian Wenzhong made the move to the Northern Fortress" as stated in "Zhong Shang Mu Shu". The poet who "knows that the spring is near" calmly made plans for "Yi Po's return" and was determined to fight to the death and resolutely restore his Ming Dynasty. He failed to complete his great cause during his lifetime. After his death, he had to see his successors lead an uprising and restore the Ming Dynasty. country. The poem ends with a sonorous oath, which clearly demonstrates the poet's unyielding fighting spirit and his devotion to serve the country. It provides affectionate encouragement to his successors and sets up an immortal monument for readers that puts the interests of the country and the nation above all else. . The whole poem has smooth and clear ideas and ups and downs of emotions. He began to write about the arduous wandering life, and continued to express the sadness and indignation of the loss of his hometown and the broken mountains and rivers. He then turned to express his nostalgia for his hometown and his deep affection for his relatives, and concluded his determination to restore the alliance. The style of the poem is generous and majestic, which makes people feel soul-stirring when reading it. They cannot help but have deep respect for this young hero with strong national consciousness. This poem was written by the poet when he was arrested by Qing soldiers and said goodbye to his hometown. The whole poem uses simple language and expresses the heart directly. In the deep affection for the mountains and rivers, it expresses the pain of country subjugation and the grief and indignation of unrealized aspirations.