From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, Weiguo was the capital of Chao Ge for 383 years and experienced 18 monarchs. Among them, there are many famous monarchs with good governance, noble morality and superior martial arts, and Wei Wugong is one of them. He has been in power for 55 years, and he is still close to the people and respected in his nineties. He was unanimously praised by the Emperor of Zhou and ordinary people, and was regarded as a model of high morals and integrity. So, why is he so widely praised? What has he done in his life for more than 90 years?
At the turn of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Wugong was in office. His surname is Ji and He Ming, and he is the 11th monarch of this country. Born in Chao Ge in about 853 BC, Wei Lihou died in 8 13 BC, and Wei Wugong succeeded him. In 758 BC, Wei Wugong died, reigning for 55 years at the age of 95.
According to the statistics of experts in Taiwan Province Province, China has a history of several thousand years, with 848 kings. Among these hundreds of monarchs, Wei Wudi is a promising, virtuous and respected monarch, leaving a good reputation.
Historical Records of Uncle Wei Kang's Family commented that he "cultivated the government of Uncle Kang, and the people valued harmony", and his governance made the people of the whole country peaceful and stable. In the 42nd year of his reign, at the age of eighty-three, he personally led the troops to the Commissioner's Office to help the young Zhou Pingwang beat back the Dijon rebellion and made great contributions. Therefore, he was made a duke by the Zhou Emperor.
The color of Wei Wu's official documents is quite good, and his two poems remain in The Book of Songs, Suppression and The First Guest of Banquet.
Wei Wugong's great influence has left many well-known idioms, such as: moral integrity, good health, learning from others' strengths, careful consideration, showing his face, inculcating, reciprocated, teasing but not cursing, Bai Gui's punishment and so on.
This respected and famous king at that time was a moral model that people admired very much and an idol in people's minds. There is a description of martial arts in the Book of Lieguozhi, saying that Ji Cheng, the son of Zheng, was defeated once, because he had long heard of Wei Wugong's "eternal adventure" and had to go to him. The book specially describes the scene where Zheng Dajun and Wei Wugong met: "There is a vassal sitting in the middle, with a golden robe and white hair, and he is on cloud nine. Zhuang Ke is a public official and Ji He, and he is over 80 years old. "
During the reign of Wei Wugong, he was modest and prudent, able to listen to public opinion, humble corporal, and observed people's feelings, which won the support of the people. He built more city walls, started animal husbandry and became more and more prosperous. He is humble and blames himself, learns from others, and often encourages ministers. The Great Patriotic War was respected and worshipped by patriotic people. After his death, people remembered his moral articles, recited the poem "Seven Ao" and praised his lofty morality. Qi 'ao was later included in The Book of Songs Feng Wei. There is a poem in it: "Watching the Olympics, bamboo is embarrassed." There are bandits gentlemen, such as cutting, cutting, grinding, being virtuous, hehe, and there are bandits gentlemen, so you can't be embarrassed! "It means that from a distance, Qihe Bay is lush with green bamboo, and Wei Wugong is polite and elegant, finely cut like ivory and finely ground like Baoyu. Look at the majestic posture of martial arts, the heart is open and aboveboard, and the literary talent is romantic. We will always remember to sing praises for him ... "The Qi Olympic Games praises both ability and political integrity, brilliance, generosity and humor, which fully shows that the true beauty of a man lies in his temperament and talent cultivation, especially the bamboo in Qihe River shows the gentleman's modesty, whether it is" bamboo "
The poem also describes manners and mind in this way: "Be generous, don't be too heavy, be good at joking, don't be abusive!" Praise Wei Wugong for his generosity and magnanimity. His mind is like the ears of a car. His jokes are light and humorous, good at joking, funny but not vulgar, and kind when joking with others, but so decent and not mean, and never embarrassed. You see, the image of Wei Wugong in people's minds is so lofty and great, and so kind and natural.
There is an idiom in history called "Wu Wei Qi Yi". Wei Wu is Wei Wugong and Qi Yi. Later generations have always regarded him as a model of high morality, high morality and integrity, as well as a model of higher morality and longer life. A poet in the Song Dynasty once wrote a poem: "It is not enough for Fang to be used to martial arts." In the Song Dynasty, Li Sizheng's "Wan Nianhuan" said: "Wu Weiqi is one, and Wen Gong is sorrowful, all of which have the same title as Xian."
Wei Wugong is a praised monarch. However, his 55-year throne did not belong to him, and his road to the throne was not smooth sailing. How did he get the throne? What happened in the middle?
Wei Wugong was a political genius, but at that time, when he first entered politics, it was not smooth sailing. In 8 13 BC, his father, Wei Lihou, died, and he did not inherit the monarch, because his father's prince was Apollo, the younger brother of Ji He. After the death of Wei Lihou, * * "naturally became the new monarch.
Ji He (Wei Wugong) is Bo's younger brother. By this time he was forty years old. Ji He is smart, literate and talented, and he has always been appreciated by Wei Lihou. According to the usual practice, to make the eldest son the crown prince, Wei Lihou can't make a father and son. As compensation, he gave Ji and many treasures. However, Ji He is not the kind of person who is greedy for money. He does not take wealth seriously. His ambition lies in politics and he yearns for the country. Ji He took out the property that Wei Li gave him, and bought many warriors, so that they were willing to work for him.
A year later, Wei Lihou's tomb was repaired. When Hou Li's coffin was sent to the mausoleum, a friend of Ji He said to Bo Yuji, who became the monarch: Before the mausoleum is closed, according to the rules, the closest person should clean the tomb of the late king for the last time, so that the late king can enjoy a quiet life inside; Simple and honest concubine didn't think much. Hearing this, she went into the grave with a broom. As soon as the concubine came in, the soldiers began to block the entrance to the grave outside. It didn't help that Yu Ji called heaven and earth society, so she had to commit suicide in the tomb. After Ji knew it, he scolded the samurai and asked him to be buried next to the tomb, called * * *. In this way, Ji He became the monarch who defended the country, that is, Wei Wugong.
In other words, Wei Wugong was just a childe before he acceded to the throne. Arguably, it was not his turn to ascend to the throne, but the Wu Palace, with its own courage, made a * * * "only suicide" get out of the way ". From this passage, we can see the spirit of Wei Wugong in the environment at that time. Moreover, after Wu Gong ascended the throne, he was not as arrogant and extravagant as those greedy dukes who usurped the throne. Instead, we should "cultivate the policy of health and comfort, depending on the people", re-establish and organize government affairs, cultivate the virtue of health and comfort, and make the people live and work in peace and contentment. His ability to govern the country can be seen from his usurpation of the throne and self-reliance, so he will not bury himself, but will do it when he should.
In the history of China, there were many kings who killed usurpers with bloody battles. Some people are arrogant and extravagant after usurping the throne, and they are domineering and harmful to the people. Some people make great efforts to govern the country after they ascend to the throne, but they can live forever and leave a good reputation. Wei Wugong is such a king.
There is more than one such king. Another example is Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong. Li Shimin is the second son of Tang Gaozu. Although he was brilliant in military exploits and inspired the world, it was his younger brother Li who established him as the prince by convention, and he was named the king of Qin. In the ninth year of Wude (626), the two brothers finally confronted each other-the change of Xuanwu Gate. In 626 AD, Li, our eldest brother, and Li Yuanji, our fourth brother, took advantage of the Turkish invasion to plot to mobilize Qin Zai's army, hoping to weaken it. Li Shimin, together with his cronies Fang and Wuji, planned to ambush Xuanwu Gate in the north gate of Miyagi on June 4th. When Li and Li Yuanji went to court, they passed by Xuanwu Gate and found an ambush. They quickly turned back to their horses. Li Shimin shouted at the back, and Li Yuanji turned to bow in panic and shot three arrows, all of which missed. Shimin shot an arrow with a bow and killed Li and Li Yuanji. Then, Li Shimin forced the high-impedance Li Yuan to abdicate and ascended the throne of the emperor. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he strengthened autocratic centralization, consolidated national unity, carried out a set of policies to develop production and revitalize the economy at home, expanded the close ties of all ethnic groups at home, resisted the military harassment of Turks abroad, and developed economic and cultural exchanges with neighboring countries, which led to the emergence of "chastity rule" in the Tang Dynasty. Supposedly, like Wei Wugong, the process of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne was not very glorious, but they did good things during their reign and objectively promoted the progress of social history, so both of them lost their good political reputation.
People all know the idiom "face-to-face teaching", which describes the enthusiasm and sincerity of the elders to teach the younger generation, and this idiom originated from Wei Wugong. Wei Wugong, an old vassal with rich political experience and well-known moral character, is the only person who can and is qualified to face Zhou Yisheng.
This idiom comes from The Book of Songs: "When bandits face life, they turn pale when talking about it." It means not only telling him face to face, but also telling him personally. The poem "Repression" was written after Wei Wu decided to resist and help Zhou Pingwang ascend to the throne. Zhou Pingwang was originally the Prince of Zhou Youwang, but the fatuous Zhou Youwang abolished him and re-established his favorite son as the Prince. In 77 1 year BC, the dog Rong took advantage of the chaos to enter the Western Zhou Dynasty, captured Haojing and plundered it at will. Zhou Youwang once lit a bonfire for help, because he was a "vassal in the bonfire play". Reinforcements didn't come, and Zhou Youwang was killed. At such a critical moment, Wei Wudi led a good soldier to defend the country, united with Jin, Zheng, Qin and other countries, put down the chaos of dog dijon, held a ceremony to ascend the throne, and put Zhou Pingwang on the throne. Because of Wei Wugong's outstanding achievements, Zhou Pingwang made Wei Wugong the highest official title "Gong".
At this time, Wei Wugong was eighty-three years old, and enjoyed high prestige both in the Zhou Dynasty and among the princes. Only he was qualified and dared to give advice to the new King of Zhou, and the situation at that time also needed someone to sound the alarm and point out the direction in front of Zhou Pingwang who had just ascended the throne.
As a highly respected minister, Wei Wugong had high hopes for Zhou Pingwang to revive the Zhou family and taught him earnestly. In the poem "Imitation", Wei Wugong exhorted the Zhou family to learn from history, prepare for the frontier, recover lost ground and revitalize the Zhou family with the historical facts of debauchery and lewdness, chaotic politics and wrong country. First, we should concentrate on Xiu De's rule of the country, and don't subvert morality and get confused; Second, we should pay attention to our words and deeds, become a gentle and courteous person, cultivate Xiu De's character, be cautious, behave properly, make no mistakes, and do no harm to others. If you respect me, I will pay you back. The third is to "listen to good words" and listen to opinions and suggestions; Fourth, "putting overall armament and frontier defense first", we should respect Qiang Bing and prevent problems before they happen.
However, Zhou Pingwang was weak by nature. Facing powerful local forces such as dignitaries as their agents, he dared not give in and wanted to move the court to Luoyang, the capital of Kanto. Most ministers of North Korea are also willing to move the capital, mainly for comfort, and they are eager to cater to Wang Ping. Wei Wugong resolutely opposed it. He said: I am old, thanks to your majesty, I don't dislike my eyesight, and I am listed as the sixth minister. If I knew, I would be disloyal to you if I didn't say anything; If opinions differ from those of ministers, it is disharmony with friends. However, I would rather offend the minister than the king. He went on to emphasize that the reason why the Zhou Dynasty stood in the forest of vassal States was because of its powerful military capabilities, and that "there is grain trust on the left and Ganchuan on the right, and the mountains and rivers cover thousands of miles, and the world is better than this". He believes that Kansai is a strategic place and cannot be abandoned.
Then Wei Wugong bluntly pointed out that it was a mistake to leave the door wide open, invite thieves to welcome dogs into the city, and then give the land of the Zhou Dynasty to outsiders, but he was partial. The correct way now is to "Wang Jian make great efforts to govern, love and cherish the people, train and practice martial arts, effectively lead the king to the north to explore the south, capture his master, and offer seven temples to avenge him." Only in this way can he be in an invincible position first. If he leaves Beijing for Luoyi and then strives for self-improvement, it will be a bit like "carving a boat for a sword".
From the analysis of politics, economy, topography and geomorphology, it is generally acknowledged in Wei Wu that although Luoyi lives in the world, it is flat and easy to be attacked from all sides. Therefore, although the ancestor Duke Zhou built two capitals, the West and the East, he lived in the West to seize the key to the world and left the East for a temporary visit. If the King abandons the city and moves eastward to Luoyang, I'm afraid the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty will decline from now on.
Wei Wudi is undoubtedly a soberer of historical development. Unfortunately, Zhou Pingwang finally moved eastward, and the Western Zhou Dynasty ended and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began. Wang Ping also promised to seal this rich land to Qin if Qin took it back from Dog Rong. As a result, within three years, Qin recovered Qifeng, and then Qin became a big country, eyeing the Central Plains. Other governors saw that the king of Zhou was so accommodating and neglected any monarch and minister, so the Zhou Dynasty never recovered.
There is also a famous poem by Wei Wugong in The Book of Songs, The Guest's First Banquet. The poem describes the ugliness of people who drink without virtue, describes the wine culture three thousand years ago, and puts forward their own views on what attitude to treat wine. Therefore, The Guest Banquet is the earliest masterpiece of China's "wine culture" and the origin of Chinese wine culture.
The poem The Banquet Begins is included in The Book of Songs Xiaoya. Wei Wugong was very dissatisfied with Zhou Youwang's "drinking too much because he was close to a villain" and "the monarch and the minister were up and down, indulging in lewdness". Through the banquet of "The Early Guest", the ugliness of the nobles after drinking was vividly portrayed. At the beginning, it is written that guests enter the banquet first, dignified and polite. "At the beginning of the banquet, the rank of guests was around, the beans were well prepared and the dishes were well maintained." Guests come to the party, and the host and guests sit down to share things. Food containers are placed neatly, and fish, fruits and vegetables are placed there. During the dinner, there were music, songs and dances, and good manners. You respectfully said that "dance and drum play together, music is played in harmony, and (Zheng) Yan (Kan) strengthens the ancestors to keep in touch", which can be translated as: dance and drum play together, music is harmonious and soft. Providing music and dance to entertain our ancestors is thoughtful and affectionate. You see, at first, the gentleman was so humble and the atmosphere was so harmonious.
Archery is also mentioned in the poem, which was first written directly in literary works. "Big hou both resistance, bow and arrow, zhang, shoot, both use and dedication. Send all you have to pray for the Lord ":the big target has been hung, and the bow and arrow are rectified to make a shooting ceremony." "Shooters have assembled, please offer your wonderful shooting skills. The arrow hit the bull's-eye, and I was secretly pleased when you drank wine.
But soon, some people get drunk and lose their manners: if they drink again, the banquet will be more chaotic, noisy, stagger, disheveled and ugly; Finally, the poem warns people who drink, suggesting that a special person should be set up to monitor the records, not to persuade them to drink, not to talk nonsense, to punish those who are drunk and talk nonsense, and so on. You see: "the established prison, or the history of assistance." Those who are drunk are not good, but those who are not drunk are ashamed. Don't follow the instructions and don't be too lazy. " .
In 2800, Wu Gong, an avant-garde writer, wrote The Guest's First Banquet, which still has strong practical significance and deserves our deep thought. In particular, the poem also wrote about the etiquette at the banquet, mentioned the order of shooting pots, and finally mentioned the need to set up a wine supervisor, proposed that drinking should be moderate, and also linked unhealthy drinking style with a person's moral quality ("getting drunk is called cutting morality"). It can be translated as "if you are drunk and don't leave, it's too bad and immoral",) and so on, which is very rare.
Wei Wugong is a moral model in the history of China, and singers in Chao Ge admire him even more. Today, more than two thousand years later, there are still many relics and landscape names of Wei Wugong in Chao Ge to commemorate him.
Wei Wudi built "Qi Garden" 35 miles northwest of the city, which is the first royal garden in China history and is called "the first garden in China". Before that, there were no gardens in China, only "gardens" built by the emperor for hunting. The real gardens began in Qiyuan. Jin Linggong built the Peach Blossom Garden in Jiangzhou in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Lacquer Garden in Shangqiu in the Warring States Period, both of which were behind the Lacquer Garden. Therefore, the rest garden is called "the earliest garden in ancient China" and occupies an important position in the history of gardening in China. The original landscape structure and architectural form of Qiyuan Garden are now unknown. But it is characterized by "lush green bamboo", which is for sure. In the Southern Dynasties' Tales of Different Things, it was said that "Wei had a garden full of bamboos, which floated in the water, and the poem said,' Look at each other and admire the Olympics, and the bamboo is green and embarrassed'." The Records of Qixian County said that this place was "the place where Wei people of Zhou Dynasty visited the United States and practiced martial arts".
Wei Wugong is also the ancestor of Sun and Ning. Wu Wei has a son named, and his descendants take the word "Sun" of their ancestors as their surname. Wei Wugong's other son Wei was sealed in, and his descendants took Ning as their surname.
After the Han and Wei Dynasties, in order to commemorate Duke Wu of Wei, people built a martial arts temple near Guqi Garden. Ming Jiajing's Records of Qixian County records the reconstruction of Wugong Temple in past dynasties. On the north slope of Wugong Temple, there is a "Youfei Pavilion" and a "Immortal Ladder", which is intended to use the image of bamboo as a metaphor for Wei Wugong's lofty virtue. A monument was erected in front of Wugong Temple, on which the word "Qiyuan" was written. Backed by the cliff, facing a pool of spring water, green hills and bamboos, green trees and shadows, wild flowers and rocks, red flowers and moonlight. There is a cloud in the Monument to the Temple of Wu Weigong written by Du Zhen, a minister in the early Qing Dynasty: "The temple was built in the northwest of Qixian County, with a mountain range of six or seven miles, and the peaks and turns. If the sky is built, it will be a temple of the earth. There is a Feiting on the northeast bank, which is the former site of Qi Garden. In front of the temple, the spring water gurgled, and the sound of waterfalls lingered, injecting gas into the east. "
There is a small river that originates from Qiyuan. It was originally called beautiful dog. After the death of Duke Wu of Wei, wei ren renamed it "Bianhe", which means always remembering the virtue of Duke Wu. This river has been flowing for more than two thousand years now. There is a village in the north of Chao Ge 13 called Side Village, which is now a high village in Qixian County.
During the Chongzhen period at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Zhenglan, a native of Nanyang Village, who served as the censor of Fujian Road, wrote a sentence on the cliff of Wugong Temple: "The sage has been from Sichuan for thousands of years, and the virtue has been from the mountain forever."
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Gao Xiachang, a native of Chaoyang village, who served as the director of punishments, the doctor of the Ministry of Finance and the commander of the Nine-door Step Army in the military affairs in Beijing, wrote "Raising money to rebuild the Temple of Wu Weigong", calling on the general public and social elites to raise money to repair the Temple of Wu Gong. He also extensively collected poems and songs of literati and poets who traveled to Guqi Garden and Wugong Temple, edited and published the album You Fei Zheng Ting Yan, and personally wrote the preface of You Fei Zheng Ting Yin Yan. Introduction to Youfei Pavilion itself is a rare and beautiful prose, which describes the beautiful scenery of Wugong Temple and Youfei Pavilion built on the ruins of the ancient seventh courtyard.
During the Chao Ge period, there were sages like Wei Kangshu and Wei Wugong, and some loyal ministers and good generals praised by later generations. Shi Jie is a typical representative. What kind of person is Shi Jie? What traces did he leave in the history of China? Please see the next issue of "Be worthy of benevolence, love your family, be an old minister and be a good name".