Twenty-Eight Fishermen's Proud Autumn Thoughts
Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty
The scenery is different when autumn comes under the barrier, but the geese in Hengyang leave without paying attention. Sounds ring out from all sides, thousands of miles away, long smoke sets, the sun sets, and the lonely city closes.
A glass of turbid wine can make your home thousands of miles away. There is no way for the swallows to return home before they are reined in, and the Qiang pipes are covered with frost all over the ground. When people don't sleep, the general's hair turns gray and his husband sheds tears.
Preface to Fan Zhongyan (989-Jin 52). He was a politician and writer of the Song Dynasty from Wuxian County, Yanzhou (+Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). His works include "Fan Wenzhenggong Collection".
Translation
The scenery on the frontier fortress is completely different when autumn comes, and the geese flying towards Hengyang show no nostalgia. The mournful sounds from the borderlands came from all directions as the trumpets sounded. In the overlapping mountain peaks, long smoke rises straight up and the setting sun slants down the closed isolated city.
Drinking a glass of old wine and thinking about my hometown thousands of miles away, but Pinghu’s achievements have not yet been engraved on Yanran Mountain, and it is impossible to predict when he will return to his hometown. The Qiang people's flutes played melodiously, and frost covered the earth. The soldiers couldn't sleep, the generals' hair turned gray, and the soldiers shed tears.
Appreciation
After Xixia Hao became emperor in 1038, he invaded the Song Dynasty in successive years. Due to poverty, weakness and empty border defenses, the Song army was defeated by Yanzhou, then by Haoshuichuan, and three times by Dingchuan Village. In 1040, Fan Zhongyan was transferred from Yuezhou to the deputy envoy of Shaanxi Economic Strategy and also knew Yanzhou (today's Yan'an, Shaanxi). Yanzhou was the gateway to and from Xixia. After the war, all the city walls were burned and looted, and the garrison troops were scattered throughout the city without any barriers. This word may have been written when Yanzhou was known. There are several original poems, all of which start with "Autumn comes under the barrier", which Ouyang Xiu once called "poems outside the barrier" (Volume 11 of "Dongxuan Notes" written by Wei Tai in the Song Dynasty). But this is the only word that has been passed down to this day.
The first part of the poem focuses on the scenery, but there is emotion in the scenery; the second part focuses on lyricism, and there is scenery in the emotion. This is exactly like "Su Muzhe". But its subject matter and style are different from "Su Muzhe". The first sentence, "The scenery in the village is different when autumn comes" points out the region, season and the author's unique feelings about the border scenery. In the second sentence, "Hengyang wild geese leave without noticing", the path of the wild geese returning to the south goes without leaving behind, which reflects the desolation of the border area. This is to express interest. Then, the three sentences "Sounds from all sides" use realistic brushwork to specifically show the scenery outside the Great Wall, and focus on exaggerating the chilling atmosphere during wartime. The picture of "Long Smoke and Sunset" does not lose its majesty, but the scene suddenly changes with the words "Lonely City Closed", implying the unfavorable situation of a strong enemy and a weak enemy. After the film, there are two sentences, "A glass of dirty wine", about the soldiers on the border who drink to drown their sorrows, but how can a glass of dirty wine resist the longing for a hometown thousands of miles away? Trapped in an isolated city for a long time, they have long wanted to return home. However, the border troubles have not been resolved and their achievements have not been completed. How can they start to talk about returning home? The sentence "Qiang Guan Youyou" depicts the night scene, and the nostalgia integrated into it becomes increasingly strong. The two sentences "people cannot sleep" directly express the sentiments of the generals and soldiers, and point out that it is this sentimentality that makes them sleepless all night, their hair on their temples stained with frost, and their tears like falling rain.
It goes without saying that this word expresses the desolation and coldness of the border areas and the hard work of the soldiers, and reveals the resentment of the teachers and teachers who have failed to achieve their goals and are thousands of miles away. The frontier fortress poems are quite different. However, after Fan Zhongyan arrived in Yanzhou, he selected generals and trained soldiers, recruited exiles, built more castles, and contacted various Qiang people. He was deeply feared by Xixia and said that "Little Fan has tens of thousands of soldiers in his belly." This word is generous and sad, and also expresses his heroic feelings of resisting foreign invasion and serving the country. What is more worthy of attention is that Fan Zhongyan pioneered frontier fortress poetry based on his actual experience of guarding the border, sweeping away the soft and boneless style of poetry of the Huajian School, and paving the way for Su Xin's bold poetry director.
Appreciation: This is a poem describing military life on the northwest border of the Northern Song Dynasty. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this poem, he was the deputy economic envoy of Shaanxi Province and the magistrate of Yanzhou to fight against the invasion of Xixia. Ci Shen describes the strange autumn scenery in the border area, expressing the author's lament about the end of his achievements and the complicated mood of the border guards who miss their hometown.
The scene in the first film is the desolate autumn scenery. "The scenery under the barrier is different in autumn", describing the scenery, region and season. The word "different" sums up the overall feeling. "Hengyang wild geese leave without paying attention" expresses the author's emotion: Even the geese flying south have no nostalgia, let alone the soldiers who left their hometown to guard the border. In the evening, the unique sounds of northern Xinjiang came from all directions, intertwined with the horns of the army. Along the way, among the mountains and peaks, we can see the beacon smoke rising straight up, and the setting sun is shining, highlighting an isolated city that has closed its doors early. The autumn scenery on the northwest border described by the poet is sad and strange;
¨The isolated city is closed" and the military situation is serious. The word "long smoke and sunset" in the poem naturally reminds people of Wang Wei's "Onward to the Fortress" The famous "bandit sweep" sentence: "The lonely smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river." ? Liangzi
The next film is lyrical about the sadness of the border soldiers. Holding a glass of turbid wine, I think of my hometown thousands of miles away, but there are no border troubles, no achievements, no achievements, how can I talk about returning? In addition, the ground is covered with white frost, and the sound of the Qiang flute is heard. How can people sleep so hard? All the soldiers could do was grieve and shed tears. "The pickaxe hangs here. The author combines direct expression of his feelings with the use of scenery to express his feelings of depression and patriotism and homesickness of the border soldiers."
Thirty-four Guanju
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poetry in my country, containing 305 poems from the Zhou Dynasty. "Guandui" is the first chapter of the "Book of Songs" and is selected from "The Book of Songs? Zhou Nan". Zhounan, a regional name in the Zhou Dynasty, generally refers to the area from the south of Luoyang to the Jianghan River Basin.
Guandui, the title of the poem, is taken from the two words "Guan Guan Who Peng Da Shen" in the first sentence.
Appreciation of "Guan Ju"
This poem also uses some double-tone overlapping rhymes The continuous words are used to enhance the harmonious beauty of the tone of the poem and the vividness of the description of the characters. For example, "yaoyou" is a double rhyme; "; imitating images, such as "A Fair Lady"; describing scenery, such as "Spotted Nymphoides", all are lively and lifelike, with rich voices and emotions. Liu Shipei's "Miscellaneous Notes on Essays" says: "In ancient times... the sounds of ballads and proverbs were often followed. The natural sound of nature, the reason why it can harmonize the rhythm, is that each sentence of the first sentence has rhyme, and the two sentences of the second sentence often use words with overlapping rhymes and double tones. "Although this poem does not rhyme each sentence, its use of double-tone overlapping rhymes maintains the simple and natural style of ancient poetry.
In terms of rhyme, this poem uses even sentences to rhyme. This type of even rhyme has dominated the rhyme form of Chinese classical poetry for more than two thousand years. Moreover, the whole poem changes rhyme three times, and the word "zhi" at the foot of the empty character does not fit into the rhyme, but the preceding character of the empty character is used as the rhyme. The various changes in rhyme greatly enhance the rhythm and musical beauty of the poem.
Translation
Jujiuguan is singing on the small island in the river. The kind and beautiful girl is the ideal object of the young man.
The long and short fresh water plants are harvested on both sides of the river. The kind and beautiful girl wants to pursue her day and night.
The pursuit failed, and the night was long and endless, and I couldn't sleep.
The kind and beautiful girl picked the long and short watercress with her hands. Express admiration.
Carefully choose the long and short fresh watercress. The sound of the bell brings a smile to the kind and beautiful girl.
(Appreciation) This is an ancient poem. The love song describes a man who yearns for a beautiful and virtuous girl. Due to his deep love, the image of this girl appears repeatedly in his mind, making him uneasy and unforgettable. One day, I can marry this girl forever and live a harmonious and happy life. The whole poem is sincere, bold and passionate, full of healthy and upward spirit, and praises pure love.
Chapter 10 is the first level, about taking refuge by the river and falling in love at first sight. It begins with the song Guandui singing on the river island, which leads to the chant of "a poor lady, a gentleman is easy to tell", which vividly illustrates. His love is pure and sincere, and it also implies that a lady has a chaste character. There is "out" in "Xing", which is both Xing and dark.
The second and third chapters are the second level. Writing about day and night thoughts, tossing and turning. In the first chapter, the word "flow" is used wonderfully, "The vegetables are mixed and flowing from left to right". In the extreme, the girl's busyness and graceful posture, turning sideways to the left and sometimes to the right, along the water flow, made the whole article full of movement and vitality. Seeing the graceful figure working by the water, he became even more excited. His yearning and love for the girl made him so obsessed that he thought about her in his dreams every time he woke up. The third chapter describes the psychological activities of missing his lover vividly; the overlapping use of "youzai" and "youzai" are profound. It perfectly expresses the man's sleepless nights and his unbearable lovesickness.
The fourth and fifth chapters are the third level, describing the fantasy union and joyful entertainment. The chapter writes about the obtained joy, which not only describes the scene of singing, dancing and carnival when gentlemen and ladies get married, but also describes the scene of young people getting along harmoniously and loving each other after their wishes come true.
Joyful emotions were expressed profoundly. But this lively scene is not a fact, but a gentleman's fantasy born out of longing.
The main expression technique used in "Guandui" is "rising". The poem Shen uses Duiwu and Ming Dynasty to remind people that a lady is a gentleman's good wife.
It recommends vegetables and "picks them" and "hairs them" when they have them, and raises the idea that a lady has them and "friends" and "enjoys them". This euphemistic and vivid artistic technique
is used many times in the poem, resulting in the whole poem having a profound and unforgettable aftertaste.
"Guan Wei" also cleverly uses the form of repeated chapters and repeated sentences, one chant and three sighs. The structure of each chapter is roughly the same, but some words and sentences have been replaced to make the content progressive and gradually and deeply show the passionate feelings of the "gentleman", which has the artistic effect of aggravating the emotion and enhancing the sense of rhythm;
Three "Fifteen Jian Jia"
This poem has three overlapping chapters, and each chapter can be divided into four levels:
The first two sentences start with Jian Jia, showing a picture of autumn colors on the river: In the late autumn morning, the autumn water is dense, the reeds are green, the dew is full, and the crystal is as clear as frost. This state is slightly desolate and pathos in the purity and loneliness, so the persistent pursuit and elusive love described in the poem arise. It plays a very good role in rendering the atmosphere and setting off the mood.
The third and fourth sentences show the central image of the poem: the lyrical protagonist is wandering by the river, staring at and pursuing the "beau" on the other side of the river. This "beau" is his day and night. Missing the loved one. "Being on the other side of the water" means that the pursuit is difficult, which creates an elusive state.
Hope is hard to come by, so the poems are filled with helpless feelings and feelings of emptiness and melancholy.
The following four sentences are two parallel levels, describing two different situations on the water side and the realm of hope and difficulty. "Going back to the cave, the road is long and difficult." This is a description of the dilemma when pursuing against the current: endless difficulties and obstacles, and a long and endless journey, which means that it will not be reached in the end. "Swim along it, and you will feel like you are in the middle of the water." This describes the illusion of pursuing along the current: the journey is smooth everywhere, and the beauty is always there, but in the end it is not close. Both against the current and with the current, pursuing in every possible way, the persistence is obvious; either the dilemma is difficult to reach, or the illusion is difficult to approach, and in the end, it is not possible, and the feeling of despair becomes deeper. At this point, Yiren's elusive and unattainable situation has been concretely and fully demonstrated.
There are three chapters in the poem, with only a few words changed in each chapter. This not only exerts the artistic effect of repeated chapters, repeated chants, and three sighs, but also has the effect of continuously advancing the poetic meaning. From "white dew is frost" to "white dew is not over" and then to "white dew is not over", this is the passage of time, symbolizing the lyrical protagonist's gaze and pursuit for a long time; from "on the side of the water" to "tears on the water" , then to "in the dredging of the water", from "in the middle of the water", to "in the middle of the water", to "at the address in the water", this is a change of location, symbolizing the beauty's elusiveness and elusiveness; from "The road is long and long", then "the road is long and easy", and then "the road is long and easy", and then to "the resistance is right", they repeatedly exaggerate the difficulty of the pursuit process to highlight the perseverance of the lyrical protagonist. Repeated chapters and sentences, layer by layer Advancement, this is a common expression method in folk songs written in The Book of Songs.
Content review
If the "Yiren" in the poem is identified as a lover, then this poem. It expresses the lyrical protagonist's persistent pursuit of beautiful love and the melancholy of being unable to pursue it. The spirit is valuable, the feelings are sincere, but the results are slim and the situation is sad.
However, this poem. The most valuable and evocative thing is not the pursuit and loss of the lyrical protagonist, but the artistic conception of "by the water" that he created, which is of universal significance. All can create artistic conception. Artistic conception is a pattern and a structure, which has the ability to contain all heterogeneous things with similar patterns and similar structures. The structure of "On the Water Side" is: pursuer - river -. Since "Yiren" in the poem does not have a specific reference, and the meaning of the river lies in the barrier, all kinds of pursuits that are difficult to achieve due to obstacles in the world can have isomorphic excitement and sympathy here. *Ming.
From this point of view, we might as well understand the poetry of "Jianjia" as a symbol, and regard "On the Water Side" as an expression of all the difficult and difficult situations in social life. Art paradigm. The "beauty" here can be talents, friends, lovers, achievements, ideals, futures, or even blessed places, holy places, and fairyland; the "river" here can be mountains, deep chasms, It can be patriarchal laws, ethics, or any other obstacles that may be encountered in real life. As long as there are pursuits, obstacles, and losses, they are all manifestations of it. In this way, the ancients interpreted Jianjia as persuasion. People follow the Zhou rites, recruit talents, and cherish people. Nowadays, people regard it as a love poem, and some even regard it as the water god ancestor worship ritual of ancient people. I am afraid there is a certain truth in it. It seems that it is not appropriate to stick to one and reject the other. Because they are all included in the symbolic meaning of "On the Water Side"
Naturally, when we are in a similar situation to "On the Water Side", what we should appreciate is its determined pursuit. Rather than its pessimism and disappointment.
This poem uses images of water, reeds, frost, dew and other images to create a hazy, fresh and mysterious mood. The morning mist envelopes everything and the crystal dewdrops appear. It has frozen. A shy girl walks slowly. The image of water in the poem represents the beauty of women, and the thin mist is like a veil covering the girl. At the water's edge, he appeared again on the Water Island. He couldn't find it, and his anxious and helpless mood was as painful as an ant crawling, and as painful as a knife. As we often say, "distance creates beauty", this beauty becomes hazy, fuzzy, and unclear due to distance. The identity, face, and spatial location of the protagonist and the lover are all vague, giving people a sense of seeing flowers in the fog, looming, and hazy. Jianjia, white dew, Yiren and autumn water are becoming more and more elusive, forming a hazy and elegant watercolor painting. The beginning of each chapter of the poem adopts a style of writing inspired by the poem. Through the description and admiration of the real scene in front of you, the painting creates an ethereal artistic conception that envelopes the entire article. The poet grasped the unique characteristics of autumn colors, and did not hesitate to use thick ink and heavy colors to repeatedly depict and exaggerate the lonely and sad atmosphere of late autumn, so as to express the poet's feeling of loss and enthusiasm for his friends. The first two sentences of each chapter of the poem are inspired by the autumn scene and lead to the main text. It not only highlights the season and time, but also exaggerates the desolate atmosphere of the pale sky and white dew, heightens the melancholy mood of the characters, and achieves an artistic realm of blending emotions with scenery and blending scenes. The images of "Jianjia", "Water" and "Yiren" complement each other and are integrated into one. The things used as inspiration and the objects to be depicted form a complete artistic world. The beginning of the poem describes the scene of reeds growing by the water in autumn. This is exactly "supporting the image to clarify the meaning" and has the function of "arousing emotion". Because of the thick reeds and the reflection of the skylight and water, it will inevitably show a state of confusion, which from one side shows the state of "hazy love" in the heart of the protagonist of the poem.
The poem "Jianjia" combines the unique scenery of late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy lovesickness of the characters, thereby exaggerating the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating a confusing and blended artistic conception, which is exactly the "language of all scenery" The embodiment of "all love words". In short, the rich beauty of the poem "Jian Jia" deserves our attention and serious discussion, whether from the perspective of appreciation or creation.
Artistic Features
"Jian Jia" is one of the best chapters in the Book of Songs. Its main characteristics are concentrated in three closely related aspects: blurring of facts, ethereal imagery, and overall symbolism.
1. The blurring of facts
Generally speaking, the creation of lyric poetry is inspired by the feeling of specific things, so in its artistic conception, you can always see some Real personnel scenes. However, the author of (Mengmeng) seems to have deliberately blurred out the main characters and events in it. Who is the seeker? What is he searching for? We don’t know; what is the identity of the “beau” being pursued? Why is he so hard to get? We don't know either; so much so that we can't even confirm whether they are male or female. Especially "Yiren" has no voice, appearance or appearance. Sometimes he is in the upper reaches of the river, sometimes in the lower reaches of the river, sometimes in the middle of the water, and sometimes in the grass beside the water. He is erratic, coming and going indistinctly, which makes people doubt whether he really exists. physical presence. Undoubtedly, due to the virtualization of the pursuer, especially the pursued, the entire pursuit of characters, events, and content becomes illusory; however, it is precisely because of the virtualization and shadowing of this fact that the artistic conception of the poem It seems so ethereal and symbolic.
2. The etherealness of the image
In fact, the scenes described in the poem are not the actual people and events in the eyes, but a kind of mentality. This kind of mental image is not a memory of a real thing that has been experienced, but a typical psychological situation that is synthesized, condensed and virtualized by many similar events and similar feelings. The biggest characteristic of this psychological situation is that it is neither sticky nor sluggish, and is ethereal and multi-aggregated. "Beyond the Water" is an artistic expression of this ethereal psychological situation. Here, due to the virtualization of the pursuer and the pursued, the river, the dangerous road, and even the upstream and downstream pursuit routes, as well as various locations such as the "middle of the water" where the beautiful woman is located, are also unrecognizable. It has become a virtual symbolic image. Neither of them can be studied deeply about the time, place, river, mountain and water. Otherwise, it would be contradictory if the Yi people were both upstream and downstream of the river. It would also be a question why the two people did not cross the river. The success of "Jianjia" lies in the fact that the poet accurately captured people's mental images and created a psychological situation that resembles a flower but is not a flower, and is ethereal, so that the artistic conception of the poem is presented as a symbol of integrity.
3. The overall symbol of the artistic conception
The symbol of poetry is not the symbolic rhetoric or technique used in a certain word or sentence, but the overall symbol of the artistic conception. "Being on the side of the water" and facing difficulties are common situations in life. The dilemma of "wandering back and forth, the road is long and difficult" and the illusion of "wandering back and forth, wandering in the middle of the water" are also common in life. Circumstances; people may often get excited from the pursuit. The baptism of a complete emotional flow, from the troubles of being blocked to the melancholy of loss, is more likely to be often impacted by the pain of fighting against the current or the joy of going downstream; readers can associate it with the situation of love and the emotions that arouse love from here. Experience can also be associated with ideals, career, future situations in many aspects and evoke many aspects of life experience. The overall symbol of artistic conception makes Shan Ye) truly have an inexhaustible philosophical meaning of life. Wang Guowei once compared this poem with Manshu's "Die Lian Hua" "Last night the west wind blew the green trees, I went up to the tall building alone, looking at the end of the world", thinking that both of them are "the most charming and charming", which is obviously focused on it. The artistic conception and symbolic meaning of life.
The blurring of facts, the emptiness of images, and the overall symbolism of artistic conception are three aspects of a problem. From the blurring of facts to ethereal imagery, and then to overall symbolism, this is roughly the process of constructing the artistic conception of symbolic poetry.
[Appreciation] This poem is inspired by the scenery and describes the scene of a passionate lover looking for his beloved by the reed-covered river on a late autumn morning: The reeds are thick and green by the river, and the clear dew at night condenses into frost. The person I miss is on that side of the river. Upstream I sought him/her; The road was long and rocky. Looking for her down the river, as if she were in the middle of the water?...¨
There are three chapters in the whole poem. The first two sentences of each chapter describe the scene, describing the protagonist's desire to meet his sweetheart and the scenery he saw by the river. This kind of diarrhea scene is inseparable from writing about people. On this autumn morning, the green reeds by the river were covered with frost and dew, giving people a sense of desolation. Therefore, these two lines of poems describing the scenery not only stir up the mood to arouse the main text, but are also an integral part of the poem; they not only set off the atmosphere of the environment, but also reveal the protagonist's sad and lonely feelings.
The last six sentences of each chapter of this poem are about people. The third and fourth sentences of his statement point out that his beloved is in a vast area of ????water, far away from him, and can be seen and out of reach. His desperation is understandable. These two sentences lead to the person and location he misses. Not only are they integrated with the first two sentences, but they also pave the way for the last four sentences to express the protagonist's difficult feelings of reuniting with his sweetheart who misses him day and night. They are the key sentences in the connection.
The last sentence of each chapter is a lyrical description of the dangers of the road; it not only writes about the "water side" where the "beau" is from another aspect, but also more deeply expresses the protagonist's persistent pursuit of love and his inability to be with his sweetheart. The feeling of meeting each other.
The whole poem expresses the sincerity and persistence of love of the ancient people, and expresses the despair and despair that can be achieved but cannot be achieved. The artistic conception is blurred, the illusion is blurred, and it leads people to retreat. It is chanted repeatedly in the form of repeated chapters and refrains, deliberately creating an atmosphere of a distant and confused state, a persistent, lingering and slightly sad mood; it seems euphemistic. moving. In particular, the word "Wan" is used in Shi Shen San, which gives people a feeling of confusion and elusiveness.
Forty-four Guan Cang Hai
"Guan Cang Hai" is Cao Cao's famous poem, which was written when he conquered Wuhuan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao personally led his army to the north to pursue and annihilate the remnants of Yuan Shao. In May, he vowed to launch a northern expedition. In July, he left Lulong Village and approached Jieshi Mountain. He jumped on his horse and whipped his whip, climbed a mountain to watch the sea, faced the surging sea, and was moved by the scene, and wrote this magnificent poem.
[Appreciation]
The first two sentences point out the location of "Viewing the Sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high up on the sea, with a broad field of vision, and a panoramic view of the magnificent sea. The following ten descriptions are roughly expanded from this.
"The water is sluggish, but the mountains and islands are standing tall" is the general impression I get when looking at the sea, a bit like the thick lines of a painting. In this "roaming" sea, the first thing that catches the eye is the abrupt and towering mountain islands. They are dotted on the flat sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences describe the general outline of the sea view, which will be described in depth below.
"The trees are thick and the grass is luxuriant. The autumn wind is bleak and the flood waves are rising." The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island of Changzhi: Although the autumn wind is bleak and the grass and trees are falling, the island is lush with trees. , the grass is rich and abundant, giving people a sense of vitality. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "How is the water so calm": If you look carefully, you will see that the sea surface in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, turbulent and ups and downs. Although it is a typical autumn environment here, there is no trace of desolate and sad autumn mood. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author writes about the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is turbulent and vast, reaching the sky; the mountain islands are towering and straight, with lush vegetation, without any sentimental sentiment. This new realm and new style reflect his "martyr's" mind of "an old man who is still in trouble but aims for a thousand miles".
"The journey of the sun and the moon can be seen from within; the stars are shining brightly from within." The previous description is observed from the level of the sea, and these four sentences are connected with the boundless universe. The momentum and power of the sea are revealed in front of readers as long as possible: the vast sea is connected with the sky, and the sky is blurred; in front of this majestic and magnificent sea, the sun, moon, stars, and the Milky Way are all They appear insignificant, and their movements seem to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also integrated with his own imagination and exaggeration, showing a majestic atmosphere that swallows the universe, and has the potential of "five mountains rise within a square inch". This kind of "covering the atmosphere" is the artistic realm formed by the blending of the scenery in the poet's eyes and the emotions in his heart. Speaking from the heart, if the poet does not have grand political ambitions, no ambition to make great achievements, and no optimism about the future, he will not be able to write such a magnificent poem anyway. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "always domineering" (Shen De's subtext), referring to works such as "Guan Cang Hai".
"Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition." This is a cliché used when joining music. It has nothing to do with the content of the poem, so there is no need to elaborate.
[Features]
In the poem "Viewing the Sea", literally speaking, the sea water, mountains and islands, vegetation, autumn wind, and even the sun, moon and stars are all objects in sight, so pure In the history of Chinese literature, Cao Cao seemed to have never written poems about natural scenery. It not only describes the scenery throughout the text, but also has a unique style. It can be called the earliest masterpiece of Chinese landscape poetry and is especially loved by literary historians. This poem describes the sea in autumn, which can wash away the sentimental sentiment of autumn. It is written in a majestic, vigorous and magnificent manner, which is closely related to Cao Cao's magnanimity, character and even aesthetic taste.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about Canghai, the author expresses his ambition to unify China and make achievements. However, this kind of emotion is not directly expressed in the poem, but is contained in the description of the scenery, embodying the emotion in the scenery, describing the scenery in every sentence, and expressing emotions in every sentence. Although the six lines of "Where is the water" describe the vibrant sea scenery, they actually praise the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland, revealing the author's love for the motherland. Witnessing the magnificent scenery of the mountains and rivers of the motherland further aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So we use rich imagination to fully express this desire. The author compares himself with the vast sea, and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroic spirit by writing about the momentum of the sea swallowing up the universe. His emotions are unrestrained but very reserved. The four sentences "Sun and Moon" are the climax of the description of the scene and the climax of the author's emotional development. Ao Taosun, a native of the Song Dynasty, said that Cao's poems are "like the veteran general of Youyan, with a majestic and majestic charm". The poem "Viewing the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and powerful momentum, which is consistent with the demeanor of an ambitious politician and military strategist. It really makes people read the poem as if they were seeing the person.
"To the east is the Jieshi to view the sea." It is simple and clear to write down the location when viewing, facing the Jieshi and looking at the sea. "The water is sluggish, but the mountains and islands stand tall. There are many trees and luxuriant grass. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rising.
"Writes the momentum. "The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come out of it; the stars are shining brightly, as if they come out of it. "The sea is so vast, and the sun, moon and stars are so brilliant. After reading this, one can't help but think that the author must also be a person who has made great achievements and can dominate the situation.
A poem can often reflect a person The key is to understand a person's mood at that time, and even his own mood at a certain time, and these can only be appreciated after careful consideration, like Yan Liben, a great painter of the Tang Dynasty. Just like visiting the murals of Liang Dynasty painter Zhang Sengyao several times, you should observe them carefully to appreciate the secrets. This is where the charm of the masterpieces can only gradually penetrate through repeated tastings. .
Translation
Climb up the high Jieshi Mountain to look at the vast sea (Jieshi is to the east to see the vast sea.)
The water is surging. , the mountain island stands tall in the water (the water is sluggish, the mountain island is standing tall.)
There are clusters of trees on the mountain island, and all kinds of exotic flowers and plants grow lushly. . (The trees are thick and the grass is luxuriant.)
A bleak autumn wind blows on the water, and waves of water surge up. (The bleak autumn wind blows and waves surge.)
The majestic sun. And the bright moon seems to rise in the sea (the sun and the moon appear to be out of it;)
The brilliant Milky Way seems to come out of the sea (the stars are brilliant, as if they are out of it.) ( Intertextuality is used here)
I feel very lucky to be able to use this poem to express my feelings. In the twelfth year (207), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan, which was a big problem in the northeast at that time. This was an important battle in Cao Cao's great cause of unifying the north. During the expedition, he wrote the Yuefu song "Stepping out of Xiamen". >
"Viewing the Sea" was written by Cao Cao in September of that year when he was on his way to Mount Jieshi on his way to the victory of his northern expedition to Wuhuan, where Yuan Shao's remaining troops were wiped out. This four-character poem depicts the natural scenery the poet saw when he climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. It depicts the majesty of the motherland's rivers and mountains, not only depicts the moving image of the mountains and seas, but also expresses the poet's heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit. It is a famous poem describing natural scenery in the Jian'an era, and is also one of the earliest famous works in my country's classical landscape poetry. The first two sentences of "Landing Jieshi to the east to view the sea" describe that the poet came to the foot of Jieshi Mountain during the Northern Expedition and climbed up to view the sea. Jieshi Mountain was originally located in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province (some say it was in Changli County, Hebei Province today). Northwest), it was still on land during the Han Dynasty, facing the Bohai Sea. During the Six Dynasties, it sank into the sea due to geological changes. The poet climbed up the Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. All he saw was: "The water is sluggish, but the mountains and islands stand tall." The water is turbulent and the islands are towering. The poet climbed up and looked into the distance. As far as he could see, he could see the endless waves and the islands in the sea. What a vast and spectacular sight. ! In history, Emperor Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once visited here to carve stones and look at the sea. Now the poet stands where the Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited, looking down at the vast sea where the water and the sky are connected, and the towering islands in the sea. How exciting it must be to think that the Central Plains region has been pacified, the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan has achieved decisive victory, and the unification of the north is about to be realized! At this time, the poet's eyes were fixed on the islands on the sea, and in front of him was a scene full of vitality: "There are trees and luxuriant grass. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rising." The trees and grass are growing very luxuriantly, and a bleak autumn wind blows, and the sea surface Rolling waves surged up. Although the bleak autumn wind gives people a sense of sadness and desolation, the strong wind and strong grass show his heroic nature; the turbulent waves make him more and more alive! This is a true depiction of the natural environment and a concrete portrayal of the poet's subjective feelings. After Cao Cao won a series of war victories, he felt that his ambition and great cause were as vibrant as the trees and flowers, and also filled with the vitality of life for the surging sea. Next, the poet unfolds his rich imagination and further describes the majestic spirit and broad mind of the sea swallowing up the sun and the moon, and containing the stars. "The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come out of it; the brilliance of the stars seems to come out of it." The movement of the sun and the moon seems to appear in and out of the embrace of the sea, and the brilliant Milky Way stars seem to be contained in the mother's womb of the sea. Please see, this is the spirit and the mind of the sea. It's so spectacular and majestic.
The poem "Viewing the Sea" describes the scenery in its entirety. There are no words of emotion that directly express one's feelings. However, reading the whole poem can still make people feel the poet's feelings that it deeply entrusts. Through the poet's vivid description of the turbulent sea that holds the sun and the moon, we seem to see Cao Cao's great ambition and broad-mindedness in forging ahead and determined to unify the country. We can touch Cao Cao as a poet, politician, and military strategist. The flow of thoughts and feelings in a typical environment. The whole poem has simple language, rich imagination, majestic momentum, desolation and solemnity, which has been appreciated by readers of all ages. Shen Deqian commented in "The Source of Ancient Poetry" that this poem "has the atmosphere of swallowing up the universe". This is very precise.
Yuefu poems of the Han Dynasty generally have no title, and the title "Viewing the Sea" was added by later generations. It turns out that Yuefu poems can be sung. The last two lines of the poem, "Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition" were added during the harmony period. They are appendices to the poem and have no connection with the content of the poem.