Why does poetry have the "deformation" of language? Because the language of poetry is more lyrical, implicit, refined and jumping than other styles. A poem is short in words, but rich in images. To meet the needs of phonology and express rich thoughts and feelings with the help of a very frugal language shell, poetry must "deform" the language.
Grammatically, the "deformation" of poetry to language is mainly manifested in changing part of speech, omitting sentence components, reversing word order and so on. The main purpose is to establish metrical rules, create musical beauty, and leave room for artistic imagination and re-creation for readers.
And these are often the focus of the college entrance examination. Knowing the rules of poetic language organization can quickly enter the context of poetry.
Master the changes of parts of speech
Ancient poets in China often changed the parts of speech of some words in their poems to refine their words and meanings. These places are often "eyes of poetry" or "eyes of words". We should distinguish them in detail:
He Xun, Wang Wei, Poems on Panshi, Chang Jian, Wang Anshi, Spring Breeze, Green Jiang Nanan, Zhou Bangyan.
The ancients used to use words, adjectives and nouns flexibly, which can be used as verbs and vivid when written. You might as well look up some reference books to understand the mystery of flexible use of parts of speech in the above poems.
Pay attention to the omission of poetry
In the appreciation of poetry, reconstructing imagination according to the "reconstruction conditions" stipulated in poetry can supplement the blank left by the poet intentionally, restore the scene of poetry and obtain higher aesthetic enjoyment. This is an essential link in poetry appreciation. Ellipsis in poetry is related to the combination of images, so imagination can also be used to fill in the omitted parts.
Jia Dao's "No Encounter": "I asked your student that under a pine tree," my teacher, "he replied," went to collect medicine ",but in which corner of the mountain, how do I know, through all the clouds? ."
Obviously, it takes at least six sentences to complete the dialogue. The author reduced it to 20 words by answering questions. This is like the montage technique in movies, one image after another, one picture after another, leaving a lot of gaps between the shots, so that readers can supplement and improve according to the logic of life, the accumulation of experience and their own cultivation. Can you fill in the "three questions" omitted by the author for this poem?
In fact, the combination of images in China's classical poems can be directly combined from word to word, from image to image with the help of parataxis of Chinese grammar, and even the words that play a connecting role can be omitted, making the poems more leaping and implicit.
Restore the inverted word order
■ Subject postposition
Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower: "Every tree in Hanyang is clear, and there is a nest of herbs in Nautilus Island" means that there is a bright Hanyang tree in Qingchuan (on a sunny Yuan Ye), and the grass in Nautilus Island is growing. Hanyang Tree and Nautilus Island are placed after bright and growing.
■ Preposition object
Du Fu's poem "Moonlight Night": "Her hair is fragrant and foggy, and her shoulders are cold on the moon" is actually "the fragrance is foggy and wet, and the jade arm is cold". The poet imagined that his wife in Zhangzhou was just looking at the moon in her boudoir. The misty mist with a delicate fragrance seemed to wet her hair, and the clear moonlight made her white arms feel cold. "Wet" and "cold" here.
■ Subject and object transposition
Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", "Sisters and brothers are all scholars, but because of her, they are glorious" (the portal gives birth to brilliance)
The purpose of restoring inverted sentence order is to grasp the poet's true intention and emotional focus. There are many examples of inverted word order in poems, such as: Wang Changling's "Joining the Army": "The snowy mountains in Yunnan are dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan." Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream": "My heart and dream are in Wu and Yue, crossing the mirror lake on a moonlit night." Cui Hu's "I don't know where people are going, but peach blossoms still smile." You can play.