Three blends of emotions, scenery and scenes. Most of Zeng Gong's quatrains are written gracefully and smoothly, which is quite close to Wang Anshi's poetic style in his later years. He used simple and beautiful words and phrases to construct pictures full of poetic interest, which has always been the best in Zeng Gong's poems and is extremely precious. For example, "Out at Night at Lishemen" is more brilliantly written: "The red sarong candle passes over the slanted bridge, and I look back at the eight flying ladles. The person is still awake while painting the boat, and the embankment is full of bright moon and a stream of tide." This poem "Night" "Out of the Lishimen" depicts the poetic and picturesque atmosphere of the bridge water covered with red lights, the bright moon in the water, and the people painting the boats. The beauty lies in the third and fourth lines. "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" by Zhang Ji, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is like "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship", both of which describe night travelers parking at night on passenger ships. Zhang Ji expresses the feeling from the auditory aspect, while Zeng Gong focuses on the visual aspect. The two reach the same goal through different paths, and they are very similar. The far-reaching realm depicted by Zeng Gong in this poem, Not inferior to Zhang Ji. Another example is Zeng Gong's description of the landscape on the lake, with poems such as "the lake surface is as flat as the reed banks are long, and the blue sky casts its shadow into the clear light"; "the fish are playing with a pole, and the new wave is full, and the birds are singing with thousands of steps, and the green shade is formed". He writes about the luxuriant reeds and clear waves on the lake. The reflection of the blue sky, the fish playing among the boats, and the singing of birds in the green shade, what an elegant and pleasant image! The poet wandered around and praised Daming Lake as a fairyland in heaven. Zeng Gong's poems about famous springs, such as "Baotu Spring" (Volume 7 of "Zeng Gong's Collection"): A group of people follow the water of jade from afar, but secretly sprinkle the dust of Lishan. The nourishing winter rut is always warm and refreshing, while the moistening spring tea tastes more authentic. Already I feel like I am walking along the road, and I feel the most pity for the four wheels flowing along the edge of the sand. It once formed the Qilu feudal society, and Kuang Tuo'eying surprised the world. This poem says that the Baotu Spring flows out from the clean underground water and pours over the land of Mount Li. It nourishes the early bloom of winter grass and brews fragrant spring tea. The clear stream beside the road is like a mirror, and the spring beside the sand is like a wheel. It has created the Qilu Township. In the capital city of the state, there are also amazing legends about E Huang and Nv Ying. The whole poem starts from the water quality and function of the mountain spring to the scene of its clear gushing, and finally draws materials from the broad time and space perspective of Shandong's entire territory and long culture. There is a profound cultural connotation hidden between the lines. Among the six or seven prefectures and counties where Zeng Gong served, he had the deepest feeling and special liking for the mountains, rivers and humanities of Jinan Prefecture, and the poems and essays about Jeju in the collection were also the most colorful. "Looking down at the forest springs and surrounding the house to clear the air, I have been lying idle in Jinan City for many years" (Volume 7 of Zeng Gong's Collection "Rewarding the Strong and the Saints"). "How to guard the mountain city in a cool way, drinking wine and chanting Qingji by the water" (ibid. "Shaoyao Hall"). Such chants reflect his relaxed, comfortable and contented mood when he knew Jeju. In the spring of the second year after coming to Ji, he went on a tour of the countryside. He saw the rain in the fields, the wheat fields, and the mulberry trees and silkworms sleeping. He was deeply grateful. He was afraid of leaving this precious land. "Linger" (ibid. "A Year in the County") inner monologue. Sure enough, it wasn't long before he was transferred to Xiangzhou. On his way out, he wrote a set of farewell poems, expressing his reluctance to leave. For example: Wen rhinoceros and bamboo shoots penetrate the forest, and water and lotus emerge from the green dimples. It's the summer heat in the West Pavilion, but the hatred of separation is sent to the smoke waves. The general's family must swim to Xichi, and it is difficult to enjoy the ten hectares of autumn in the West Lake. From then on, the seven bridges were filled with wind and moon, and the soul of dreams grew up to the Mulan Boat. Preface: The sharp bamboo shoots of Daming Lake are like striped rhinoceros horns, and the delicate round faces of the lotus have just emerged from the water. On the day of summer in the West Pavilion, I left in a hurry full of hatred and pinned it on the smoke. Later he said: I have to move my family to Xiangzhou (Xi Lake is in Xiangyang), but it is difficult to let go of the autumn scenery of the West Lake. From now on, I can only seek the beautiful scenery of the wind and moon around the Seven Bridges in the dream boat. It can be seen that Zeng Gong was deeply passionate about Jinan and found it difficult to let go. Even after leaving for a long time, he was still dreaming about and remembering Jinan's scenery and people. Just as the poem "Send to Qizhou Tongguan" (Volume 7 of Zeng Gong's Collection) says: "Who cares about the Seven Bridges tonight? Love will never be forgotten for thousands of miles." The Seven Bridges represent the Daming Lake. At that time, there were seven painted bridges around the lake. . It is true that by reading relevant writings and historical materials, one can feel everywhere that this cultural superstar has a deep affection for Quancheng that is difficult to leave. Therefore, Zeng Gong's years in Jinan and his actions and works can be regarded as eye-catching anecdotes in the history of Qilu culture. Four, borrowing from the past to satirize the present and paying attention to people's livelihood. A writer's literary style is not fixed and single, but often has multiple styles coexisting, and Zeng Gong is no exception. In his poems, in addition to worrying about the country and the people, criticizing current ills, and borrowing from the past to satirize the present, In addition to his realistic works, there are also many romantic poems. In these poems, Zeng Gong either climbed mountains or faced water, described dangerous scenery, or wandered around the world, expressing his ambitions and feelings. He wrote with high spirits and passion, and his brushstrokes clearly revealed the legacy of Taibai. Zeng Gong was also influenced by the social customs of the Song Dynasty. At that time, after the poetic innovation movement of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song poetry had formed its practical style and its mainstream tradition of serving the country. Zeng Gong's poems were influenced by the style and tradition of Song poetry. He tried to make his poems truly reflect history and society, and strive to be useful in the world. There are many major themes related to the national economy and people's livelihood in his poetry works, such as "The Hu Envoy": "There are many millet scales from the south, and soldiers from the north are waiting for Hu. When the Hu Envoy comes under the beam, there are no soldiers with cold heads and bows." "This poem describes the continuous flow of food from the Song Dynasty to the northern border, but the Song Dynasty's army is useless. As long as the Hu officials come, the Song Dynasty's army will be the same as nothing. These four sentences use a narrative technique, and then It is a two-sentence discussion: "It depends on the generals and the prime minister, and it is difficult to coordinate the great strategy." Defending the border originally depends on you, but in the end these generals and officials are useless; followed by four sentences of narrative, and then two sentences of discussion.
Another example is "Chu Ze": "The land is desolate and the roots are white, and there is no place to ask about the universe. Insects and bugs are coming year after year, and there are only a few households left in silence. I am afraid that there will be more thieves from now on, and who can talk about the empty and healthy economy." Zhu Gong said On the Yiyuntai, the emperor is the only one who cares about the people." After years of drought, the Chuze area has reached the point where few people can survive, and the area is full of thieves. This is a narrative; the following discussion continues, expressing strong condemnation of the official history that is full of economics and not practical. Another example is the poem "Chasing Rent". The sentence goes like this: "The red sun is shining thousands of miles away" and "The death of grain and millet is indeed inevitable". "Hunger wins begging for propriety", "this must be tied to death with moss". "The ministers are rich in wealth and want to be punished every time." This means that there is a drought and the people are hungry, but the official does not show mercy. Zeng Gong here means to plead for the people, and finally said: "Try to look at Wangyi Village, the haze and wind shake the countryside." Facing the suffering of the people, Zeng Gong is powerless. There are also poems like "Bian Jiang" wait. Zeng Gong's historical poems mostly borrowed from the past to satirize the present, such as "Ode to History": "Zhong Ni was a traveler, and Wu and Chu occupied the southeast. I wonder who will be noble or inferior after thousands of years?" In a questioning tone, he expresses the difficulties of thousands of years of history. A certain sense of vicissitudes of life. This poem was written during Wang Anshi's political reform period. At this time, Zeng Gong borrowed the words of ancient people to describe his feelings of failure. However, who will win in the future has yet to be determined. In addition to this poem that borrows from the past to satirize the present, there are also poems such as "Hou Jing": "Hou Ying is a white-haired man from Yimen, and Jing Ke is a strange scholar in Yishui. I occasionally invite people to the car with courtesy, and I am temporarily full of luxury in the hall. The teacher returns. The sword does not care about life, the drunkenness and the brushing of clothes will also lead to death. The noble and upright people should not laugh at this, but they have supported others for a long time." Among them, Hou Jing and others are examples of "the scholar who knows himself will die" in ancient times, but the poet did not praise them. , the last two sentences reveal the theme. The sentence "Don't laugh at today" is the opposite. It means that today's powerful people do not seek fame and reputation. They call their friends to form private parties and use their students' old relationships to collude. Although the author does not refer to who or what, just take a look. Looking at the party struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty, we can know that this was motivated by emotion. "It's been a long time since I've been raising people like this" is a double entendre, which not only shows that Hou and Jing are just minions raised by the nobles, but also shows that there are still people who continue to do this kind of business. Zeng Gong has a solid academic foundation, is knowledgeable about the past and the present, and is good at using historical stories to illustrate practical problems. His works "talk about the gains and losses of fighting chaos in ancient and modern times, right and wrong, success and failure." The above poem about the epic poem "Hou Jing" is also worthy of the "Spring and Autumn" style of writing. The wording is precise and contains implicit praise and criticism. For example, the words "even" and "Jiu" point out the hypocrisy of Mr. Wei and Prince Yan. The word "袢" It also implies praise or criticism. From this point of view, the "white-haired man" and "Qijieshi" at the beginning become more and more mocking. There are also many historical poems in Zeng Gong's poems. Most of them rely on the ancients to express their emotions about life. These epic poems are generous and tragic, and the emotions they reveal are deep, solemn, and timeless. For example, in "Gaixia": "Three heroes returned to the Han Dynasty together and prospered, and the remaining strength left behind was only modest. The true sons and daughters of Gaixia did not realize that they should follow the same example." The ancients said: Those who understand the current affairs are heroes, and the poem expresses it in a sighing style. In memory of Xiang Yu, a historical hero who was ignorant of current affairs. Another example is "Kong Ming": "There are many people who call Wu and Wei, and there are only Han ministers west of the Wei River. The generals usually don't pay attention, and they usually carry scriptures in the fields." This poem has a strong sense of borrowing from the past and satirizing the present. This poem was written in Xiangzhou. In this year, Shenzong ordered Lu Huiqing to participate in political affairs. After Lu Huiqing came to power, he tried to find fault with Zeng Gong, but to no avail. Zeng Gong used the poem "Kong Ming" to satirize the present through the past: Yi pointed out that Shenzong was unable to discern gold, and he felt sorry for being unable to display his talent because he had so much knowledge, expressing his feelings of not being able to appreciate his talents. Zeng Gong's poem about history was written in the sixth year of Xining (1073). In this year, he was ordered to go to Xiangzhou. Xiangzhou has always been a battleground for military strategists. Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and other famous people were born here. In addition, he was not reused, which stimulated his desire to create, such as "Ming Fei Song", "Longzhong Dui", "Liu Jingsheng Temple", "Han Guangting", etc. Zeng Gong's poems were all borrowed from the ancients. To express one's own emotions, it is called borrowing from the past to satirize the present, and the words are fresh. Through the above investigation and exploration, we have a rough understanding of the artistic characteristics of Zeng Gong's poetry: Zeng Gong's poetry style was influenced by the poetry style of the Song Dynasty, especially the poems about scenery, which have higher achievements. As one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", Zeng Gong was influenced by traditional Confucian classics since childhood, and the theories of "mind" and "good nature" had the most profound impact on his thoughts. The characteristics of his poetry and art: natural simplicity, uniqueness; To convey logic, the writing must be in line with the Tao; to use the past to satirize the present, the words must be fresh. Today, when we read Zeng Gong's poems, we can not only appreciate the essence of the treasure house of Chinese literature, increase our ability to understand people and discuss the world, and develop a noble spirit that spans ancient and modern times, but we can also carefully study the composition, techniques, and artistic features of Zeng Gong's poems through careful consideration. , improve your writing skills.