Scholars in China are inseparable from poetry and painting, which can also be said to be the business cards of China literati. At the same time, writing a calligraphy work or sending a painting to a friend can also express their deep friendship. Sometimes, drawing a picture of Dan Qing, or inviting friends to add a postscript to the picture and attach a poem that complements each other, is also a special taste.
Paintings in a narrow sense refer to paintings by painters and poets at that time or later. Commenting on paintings without writing poems can also be called poems on paintings in a broad sense. What we are talking about now is usually generalized. Moreover, in the current network age, the spread of pictures is very convenient, and those poems that comment on pictures can be called paintings.
Limited by the framework, the best genre of epigraph poems is quatrains. As for the layout of quatrains, I have already talked about it. This paper mainly introduces several writing methods from the content of painting poems.
First, draw a clever outline and turn static into dynamic.
A work of art, no matter how exquisite, is still. But to the observer, it can be smart, and this is where the poet writes. Poets can make a high degree of generalization and refinement according to the content of the picture, and outline it skillfully, so that the still life of the picture can be vividly reproduced, changing the static state of the picture into the dynamic state, increasing the interest of the picture and enhancing the artistic conception of the picture.
For example, the title of Mr. Hou Mingming's picture: A misty rain has passed through the fishing rock area, and the water around the sparse mountain is overflowing. Egrets know the weight of their feathers when they fly low, and the prize money falls randomly to wet people's clothes. Is to grasp the main things in the picture, from static to dynamic processing, so that the picture comes alive. Of course, this treatment is based on the artist's superb painting skills. Without this, the poet's pen is not clever. Dynamic is expressed by several verbs, such as "Guo", "Man", "Fei" and "Run". Therefore, when writing such poems, we must temper key verbs and try our best to be vivid.
Second, make fiction according to facts and use imagination.
Poetry has the method of coexistence of reality and reality. Reality, its name is also; Empty people are also interested in religion. Not true, there is no way to cut things; Not empty, can't convey the purpose. Too solid, easy to stagnate; Too empty, easy to obscure. The same is true of painting poems.
For example, Mr. Hou Mingming wrote: "The mountains are around the river bank, the horses are light and fat, and the grass is exposed. One night, Luzhou was moonlit, and chickens were counted in bamboo shed. In the poem, the mangoes, riverbanks, horses, grass and bamboo huts on Luzhou are all physical objects. Where is the emptiness? It is also empty to stay on horseback. As the saying goes, a horse is not fat without fragrant grass. It is on this basis that the painter will feel that a horse that has eaten grass all night seems to be getting fat, and it is getting fat slowly and quietly; One night, Luzhou Bai Yue was empty, and the picture presented an instantaneous static state to the painter, but the painter imagined the scene of Luzhou from east to west as if in a small moon that night, which greatly broadened the feeling of time and space; Counting chickens is a virtual development from vision to hearing. Because the painter constructed a quiet scene of water towns and mountains at dawn, it is reasonable to cry several times.
Judging from the above two methods, they are not completely separated. You can use your virtual imagination when turning static into dynamic. For example, "Egrets fly low and know the weight of their feathers" is a reasonable fiction. Egrets fly low. It is conceivable that their feathers are heavy because of the rain, so it is difficult to fly. Moreover, when playing virtual imagination, it often combines the means of turning static into dynamic. For example, "left and right", "light weight" and "counting chickens" are all dynamic expressions. Whether turning static into dynamic or turning reality into emptiness, we must master one principle, that is, rationality and reasonableness.
Third, look at the picture and praise Danqing.
Excellent paintings, whether brilliant in meticulous brushwork or vivid in freehand brushwork, always contain the painter's deep feelings, hard work and some valuable qualities, which are often the driving force for poets to write poems and paint.
For example, "Ms. Liao's Plum Blossom Picture" by the riverside fishing fire: the snow print is sparse and cool, and a cluster of faint fragrance. Dry fragrance is written at the end of hair, but no wind fragrance is found in ink stains. Since the author of the poem has already asked Ms. Liao's plum blossom map first, if she asks again, of course, she should avoid the former writing. Therefore, focus on the painter's painting style and give appropriate praise. But it should be noted that this kind of praise should be practical and cannot be exaggerated. Excessive exaggeration is by no means exaggeration, but just vulgarity. This is also what we should pay attention to when writing poems such as Singing Fee. (Now this kind of exaggeration on the Internet is too great. It seems that all the people who write poems are Li Bai and everyone is Du Fu. )
Fourth, talk about painting and discuss painting methods.
Art develops in inheritance and innovates in development. Only through constant communication and criticism can art make continuous progress. The same is true of painting. Therefore, when we practice new painting methods and have a new understanding of painting methods, the new characteristics and skills of painting are often expounded in the form of painting words and skills.
For example, Zhao Mengfu's "The Picture of Dead Wood and Bamboo Stone": Stone is as white as flying, and the writing of bamboo is still in the eight methods. If anyone can know this, you will know that calligraphy and painting are the same. Because Zhao Mengfu is a painter and painter, he has profound attainments in both painting and calligraphy, so he put forward the famous conclusion that painting and calligraphy are of the same origin.
Poets who start from this aspect must have long-term practice and profound insight into painting. Otherwise, it's not even an armchair strategist.
Fifth, never give up, hold things and express your heart.
This kind of writing is actually chanting things, just taking the whole painting, including landscapes, flowers and birds, as the object of chanting things. The so-called never leave, that is, on the one hand, don't be divorced from the things in the painting, on the other hand, don't stick to the things in the painting. Generally speaking, it is to grasp the essence of things in the painting and refine them, and then integrate them into one's own thoughts and feelings, so that one's personality charm is based on things and higher than things.
For example, Zheng Sixiao's Painting Chrysanthemums: A hundred flowers don't bloom, and an independent hedge is not bad. It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind. The first two sentences of the poem describe the nature of chrysanthemum, and the last two sentences express their feelings through chrysanthemum. This is the most common way to write poems.
Sixth, talk about this and that and encourage volunteers.
Generally speaking, this writing is suitable for supporting and encouraging the younger generation.
For example, the river fishing fire's "Gift to Hou Zi": Han La was handed down from generation to generation, and a new gardener was added to the painting garden. The faint brush strokes make indigo more green. This is when the poet saw some puppies and kittens drawn by the children behind him, he felt very energetic, so he sent them to the screen to encourage him.
Seven, to draw a play and satirize reality.
Even a beautiful society has its dark side. Painters can use paintings to expose, and poets can use poems to satirize.
For example, Li Tang's Drawing on a Topic: It seems easier to do than to do. If I had known, it would have been out of date. Buy more Yan Zhi and paint peonies. By expounding and describing the difficulty of art, the poet only pays attention to vulgar artistic interest, laments that the real artistic creation is unknown, and satirizes the frivolous of the world. The language of this poem is popular, and it is expressed by irony. This is really a masterpiece with pictures in poetry.
Another example is the "title map" of fishing and fire by the river: the snowy wasteland is far away, and the spring breeze does not whip the shepherd. Childishness also hates the eyebrows. Su Wucai is nineteen years old. This is a four-line poem written by the poet after seeing a picture of Tibetan schoolchildren herding sheep with frozen hands in a snowy area on the Internet. Writing bitterness with bitterness and pain with pain are the characteristics of this poem.
Eight, painting monuments, remembering the funeral.
The themes of many paintings are taken from ancient monuments. Generally, these paintings are mainly mourning and express the poet's feelings.
For example, Huang Youzao's "Inscription of the Princess beyond the Great Wall": Where is China? I know I was misunderstood by Dan Qing, but I married a Wushan man. Through the story of Wang Zhaojun leaving the fortress, the author praised her experience of marrying the Huns far away, and also concealed Wang Zhaojun's infinite attachment and nostalgia for the Han nationality.
Nine, steal the concept and improvise.
This kind of writing is suitable for those so-called impressionist paintings or more alternative pictures.
For example, the "Dance of Poison" by riverside fishing: the spirit dances Yuhuan, and the eternal life hall hates mountains. Ming Taizu even wrote a dress song, drunk and gentle. This is a description of an alternative picture on the Internet. This painting is very interesting. Cigar smoke permeates the air like a dancer. With some vague and similar concepts, the poet expounded a kind of dissolute poison-primitive degenerate dance through the harm and addiction of cigarettes and the dancers caused by the story of Tang Dynasty.
Ten, painting combined with reality, patriotism for the people.
Patriotism and love for the people is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation and a basic quality that painters, poets and all artists should possess. Works that incorporate patriotism and love for the people can often inspire people to forge ahead and make people care about their sufferings.
For example, Zheng Banqiao's "Painting Bamboo in Wei County Department": Yazhai lies listening to Xiao Zhu Xiao, which is suspected to be the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. No matter how well bamboo is painted in Zheng Banqiao, it is impossible to lament the sufferings of the people, and a leaf cannot always care about the current situation. It is precisely because the author wrote this poem that the artistic conception of the painting has been greatly improved and has become a rare treasure.
Another example is Tan Sitong's "Song Huizong Eagle Painting": high five in the sunset plain, no beauty in the painting. In those days, foxes and rabbits were all-powerful, and only a few officials were like Zhi Dou. By comparing himself with the eagle in the painting, the author thinks that people with lofty ideals are not absent, but cannot be reused. Even if the author has the ambition to clean up foxes and rabbits, it is a pity that no one supports him. He wrote the author's heart of saving the world and his anger that he could not realize his ambition, showing his lofty patriotic enthusiasm. At the same time, it also exposed the darkness and decay of the late Qing society, which made people deeply moved.
There are many ways to write poems with inscriptions and postscript, so it is impossible to describe them one by one, and it is impossible to cover everything. The above ten methods are commonly used, and we can penetrate each other and use them flexibly. We can't stick to the rules and set a frame for ourselves.
Generally speaking, the significance of writing poems is that painting with poems can clarify its purpose, relax its interest, express its heart, elevate its realm, increase its art and stimulate its ambition. In recent decades, due to various reasons (mainly impetuous utilitarianism), it is difficult for artists, especially young and middle-aged artists, to develop in an all-round way in the field of poetry, painting and calligraphy, and it is really regrettable that this excellent cultural tradition is difficult to inherit and carry forward in an all-round way.