Fan Song Chengda
Farming during the day and harvesting marijuana at night,
The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.
Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,
Learn to plant melons in the shade of mulberry trees.
To annotate ...
⑴ Miscellaneous interest: Poems written at will without a fixed theme.
(2) Farming: weeding.
⑶ Meridian: Twist hemp into thread.
Responsible for each other: everyone has a certain job.
5] I don't understand.
(6) confession: engage in and participate.
Next to: nearby.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See Fan Shihu's Collection. When the author retired to his hometown of Wuxian (now Jiangsu) in his later years, he wrote 60 poems with the theme of perennial life in rural areas and the joys and sorrows of farmers, describing the joy of rural life.
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Going out to weed during the day and catching hemp at night, farmers' children can keep their homes.
The little grandson can't farm and spin yet, but he also learns to grow melons near mulberry shade.
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Fan Chengda (1 126- 1933), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is famous for his pastoral poems. The four seasons in a year are spring, summer, autumn and winter. The poet described the rural natural scenery and farmers' working life in various periods with a fresh style, which was interesting to read. At the same time, because he has some sympathy for farmers, he is very interested. There are some reflections in these poems. This is one of the poems, describing a small scene of rural life. It is written from the side, reflecting the tense working atmosphere and interesting life in the countryside.
The scene unfolds like this. Early summer is a busy season for small farmers. In the rice field, the green seedlings have grown up, and barnyard grass has followed. It's time to plow, that is, weed. "Going out to farm during the day" and weeding during the day were men's jobs at that time.
In the feudal society where the small-scale peasant economy was basically self-sufficient, food and clothing were produced by themselves. At that time, the technology of growing cotton had not been widely popularized in China, and dressing depended on raising silkworms to grow hemp. The rich wear silk products and the poor wear burlap. Linen is made by harvesting ramie, soaking it in water, and removing the epidermis: extracting fiber, drying it in the air, and twisting it into thread. It's called. Take "performance hemp" and "performance hemp" at night as an example, and take care of the second sentence, "The children in the village make their own decisions." Children "refers to men and women. Judging from the tone of the characters in the poem, it naturally refers to young people. Poetically speaking, in the village, men and women are not allowed to be idle. "Being in charge" means doing your own thing and managing your own line. The meaning here is different from ours in that children are not busy, but they also participate in the production boom in another way. "Children and grandchildren" refers to the children of the next generation. These little dolls are not capable of working yet. They can't plow or knit. Note that the word "unsolved" means "impossible". If there are, they will also take part in "ploughing" and "beating hemp" labor. Children in rural areas are familiar with the agricultural way of adult life, and have developed the habit of loving labor since childhood, so they have learned to plant melons under mulberry trees like adults. This is a common thing in rural areas, but it has its own characteristics. Here, children who can't take part in labor are still like this. So, how are adults who are under heavy labor burden busy with production?
Although the description of children and grandchildren planting melons is written from the side, it is not a foil, but in-depth. In this way, it exudes a rich flavor of life in art, unfolds a warm picture of labor and production in front of people, and leaves a strong rhyme interest in the language of poetry.
There are different opinions on the pronunciation of "miscellaneous xing" in the poem "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Xing".
I think to understand the meaning of "miscellaneous interest", we need to interpret these two words separately.
There are three explanations for "miscellaneous" in Modern Chinese Dictionary: ① various; (2) Outside the positive item, outside the formal item; ③ Mix them together.
"Xing" is a polyphonic word. There are seven explanations for reading Yin Ping (the first sound): ① Prosperity; Pop 2 makes pop 3 start; Start; Established 4 times; Get up ⑤ Allow (dialect, mostly used in negative form )⑤ (dialect) Maybe ⑦ surname; When pronouncing, there is only one explanation: interest; Interest.
Through the above list, we will gradually find that taking the word "miscellaneous" as the second lecture is extended to informality.
However, through the analysis of the explanation of "Xing", it seems that no suitable explanation corresponding to "Za" can be found.
If we think of the common sense of classical literature, we will suddenly realize that when the word "xing" is not pronounced, Modern Chinese Dictionary lacks an explanation.
"The expression of poetry improvisation. There is no comment on the preface of the poem's View of Nan Zhou:' Therefore, the poem has six meanings. One is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is glory, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is fu. Biography:' If you are prosperous, say something else first to arouse the words you recite.' -etymology
Then open the Tang and Song poetry, such a topic is also very common.
Jiao Ran (Tang Dynasty), mixed: "Life is divided, so wealth is indispensable. If there is no mud on the seabed, it will fly dust. "
Lu You in Miscellaneous Springs (Southern Song Dynasty): "Every night, you can get 1000 yuan for a meal. As a wild old man, you are no longer responsible, and some refugees on the road are finally tempted. "
"Miscellaneous Xing" (Tang) "Strange to say, cows are in the Rocky Mountains. Pedestrians give birth to rhinoceros candles at night, and the hole is like a flood god. Riding around in the car, he Wei Ran is red. The waves hit Hai Ruo. He dived into the hidden rock, while the dragon was lying in the black spring with a beard. Waterfront husband once said something, something or evil.
"Miscellaneous Spring" Ren Yuxi (Song)' Peach and apricot are reflected in the fence, and the makeup point is Shangzhou's deputy envoy. Why can't the spring breeze be tolerated, and Yinger blows off a few flowers.'
"Miscellaneous Xing" An Xia (Qing) "There is a hidden house with bamboo, and there is no flower to lean on."
Take Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Glory as an example. Fan Chengda, a poet, resigned at the age of 58 and retired to Shihu, where he wrote 60 miscellaneous poems. Although the title of this poem is Miscellaneous, it fully reflects the real life in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. What is particularly commendable is that the poet combined the virtues of exposing feudal exploitation and showing farmers' diligence and simplicity with rural customs and scenery descriptions, making the field an organic whole.
Although "Fu Bi Xing" is a summary of the expression methods of pre-Qin poetry by later generations, it has a far-reaching influence on the whole China classical poetry creation. Fu is lyrical by narrative, compared with scenery, and xing is passionate about touching things. As poetry, the three are organically linked by emotion, so the lyrical characteristics of poetry are undoubtedly revealed.
From the above, combined with the meanings of the word "za" and "xing", it can be inferred that "za" is a poem written at will, with no fixed theme, but the technique is mainly improvisation, which means "touching things to arouse feelings means people have feelings". So it goes without saying what to read.