The Course of Anti-Union Guerrilla War in Northeast China

1931September 18, Japanese imperialism launched a war of aggression against China. Due to the Kuomintang government's non-resistance policy, the Japanese army occupied Shenyang, Changchun, Jilin and other big cities in a few days, and then occupied most of the territory in Northeast China. In order to resist Japanese aggression, the Chinese production party called on the people to rise up against Japan. The people of Northeast China and some patriotic soldiers of Northeast Army formed anti-Japanese armed forces such as the Volunteers, Salvation Army and Self-Defense Force, collectively known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers, to resist Japanese attacks in all parts of Northeast China (see the anti-Japanese chapter of Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers). In Manchuria (now the three northeastern provinces), the provincial party committee first mobilized party member and the masses to join the Anti-Japanese Volunteers. 1932, June 5438+10, the anti-Japanese armed forces under their direct leadership began to fight against Japan. By 13, more than 10 anti-Japanese guerrillas had been formed in Bayan, Tangyuan, Hezhu (now Shangzhi), Ning 'an, Mishan and Raohe (four counties under Heilongjiang Province). The main leaders are Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Tong,. * * * Manchuria Provincial Party Committee also sent Zhou Baozhong and other * * * party member to work in the Northeast Volunteers. 1933 65438+ 10, after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the policy of the national anti-Japanese United front and the policy of * * * fighting with other troops, the guerrillas began to fight against the anti-Japanese volunteers and the anti-Japanese forest team, and the troops developed rapidly and gradually expanded into the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army. By the spring of 1936, six armies had been established: 1 Army, commander and political commissar Yang Jingyu; 2 nd Army, commander Wang Detai, political commissar Wei; Zhao Shangzhi, commander of the 3rd Army, and Feng Zhongyun, director of the Political Department; The 4th Army (Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition), commander Li, and director of the Political Department He Zhongguo; The 5th Army (Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition), commander Zhou Baozhong, and director of the Political Department Ren Hu; Zhang Shou (Li), commander of the 6th Army and director of the Political Department. 1 2 Army is active in Nanman and Dongman areas; 4, 5 army active in Jidong area; The third and sixth legions are active in the northern Manchu area. All armies launched guerrilla warfare extensively to fight against the Japanese and puppet forces. After more than two years of hard struggle, the People's Revolutionary Army smashed the Japanese puppet troops many times, wiped out a large number of Japanese puppet troops, grew to more than 10,000 people, and expanded guerrilla base areas.

1936 In February, the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army was changed to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition. The original Sixth Army was changed to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army 1 No.6 Army in turn, and then the No.7 1 1 Army was formed. Chen Rongjiu, commander of the 7th Army, and Zheng Luyan, director of the Political Department, are active in Raohe, Hulin and Fuyuan areas. Xie Wendong, commander of the Eighth Army, and Liu Shuhua, director of the Political Department, are active in Yilan, Fangzheng and Boli areas. Li Huatang, commander of the 9th Army, and Wang Keren, director of the Political Department, are active in Boli and Yilan. 10 army, commander, director of the political department Hou, active in Wuchang and the region; 1 1 Qi Zhizhong, commander of the army, and Jin Zhengguo, director of the political department, are active in Huachuan and Fujin areas. By the end of 1937, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces had grown to more than 30,000 people, and successively launched active operations in Lianhuapao, Xingshan Town, Shule River, Dapuchai River, hadad river, Fusong, Xiguan Street, Foshan, Bingtangzi, Yilan, Tangyuan, Wudaogang and Huinan, and in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and more than 70 counties.

From the second half of 1938, the Japanese puppet troops assembled heavy troops and attacked the anti-Japanese guerrilla areas on a large scale. During this period, Xie Wendong, Li Huatang and Zheng Luyan defected one after another. The anti-Japanese Coalition forces continued to struggle under extremely cruel and difficult circumstances. The armies of the Anti-Japanese Coalition formed successively 1, 2, and 3 armies. However, due to the scattered forces, they were forced to go on an expedition and suffered great losses. In addition to the newly opened guerrilla areas in Heilongjiang and Nenjiang Plain, the original guerrilla base areas and secret camps in mountainous areas of various armies have been lost one after another, and the situation is extremely difficult. By the beginning of 1942, most of the struggles were frustrated and the armies suffered heavy losses.

The 3rd, 6th, 9th, 1 1 Army of the Northern Manchuria Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War had fought with the Japanese puppet troops for hundreds of times by June of 1938, with remarkable achievements but serious losses. In view of the weak rule of Japanese puppet troops in Helen area, the provisional provincial party committee of Beiman, China decided to boycott the expeditions of most of the above-mentioned troops to Helen and open up new areas. In the summer of the same year, except for the main force of the 9 th Army, other ministries set out from Tangyuan, Luobei and Suibin, and arrived in Helen and Dedu successively, relying on Xiaoxing' anling to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare in the Hei (Longjiang) Nen (Jiang) Plain. 1939 On May 30th, the above-mentioned ministries were co-edited as the Anti-Union Third Route Army, with Zhang Shoufu (also known as Li) as the commander-in-chief and political commissar. By 1940, the Third Route Army had successively opened up guerrilla zones such as chao yang shan, Arun Banner and Gannan, won battles in Nehe, Dedu, Zhaozhou and Zhaoyuan, and annihilated hundreds of Japanese puppet troops.

1939, 10 in June, the Japanese puppet army mobilized more than 70,000 people to carry out a "big crusade" with the main goal of resisting 1 the army. 1 The army scattered guerrilla warfare and fought extremely hard against "crusade". It successively won the battles of Antu Dashahe, Hongqi River ambush, raid on Harbaling Station and Tianbaoshan Copper Mine, but 1 the army also suffered heavy losses. 1 On February 23rd, 940,1Yang Jingyu, commander-in-chief and political commissar of the army, was surrounded by heavy enemy troops and died heroically. At the same time, the Anti-United Second and Third Route Army also suffered heavy losses in the fierce battle with the Japanese puppet troops.

Due to the deterioration of the struggle situation, the staff of various armed forces have been seriously reduced. 1From October 24th to March 24th, 1940, representatives of the provincial committees of Jidong and Beiman held a joint meeting, and decided to adopt the policy of conserving strength and gradually reducing the size of each army to 10 team, that is, 65438 regiment. The Second Route Army was reduced to the second, fifth and eighth detachments. The 3rd Route Army was reduced to 3, 6, 9 and 12 detachments. In April, the Third Route Army first completed its downsizing; In April and February of the following year, the 2nd Route Army completed the downsizing of the 2nd and 5th detachments respectively. Because 1 army is far away in Nanman, contact is interrupted, and it is still fighting under the name of several fronts. It was not until 194 1 March that the Second Army was reduced to 1 detachment.

1940, the number of Japanese Kwantung Army divisions increased to 1 1, and the situation became increasingly severe. In order to preserve their strength, most of the Route Army 1, Route Army 2 and Route Army 1 were successively transferred to the Soviet Union on the Sino-Soviet border, and the South Battalion was set up for military and political training and consolidation. Most of the Third Route Army continued to carry out guerrilla warfare in the Heinen Plain and the Great and Small Xing 'an Mountains. 194 1 year captured Baoshan town in gannan county and Luoda town in Qing 'an county, and attacked Handa gas and gold mine in Jihui county, fighting fiercely for more than 20 times. 1942 in February, Zhao Shangzhi, deputy commander-in-chief of No.2 Route Army, was killed when he attacked the fake police station in Wutong River, Hegang. Subsequently, most of the Third Route Army also moved to the Sino-Soviet border. 1In August, 942, the North-South Camping Co-edited the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces Teaching Brigade, with Zhou Baozhong as the brigade commander and Zhang Shoufu as the political commissar. Since then, while training and consolidation, the teaching brigade has sent more than a dozen teams to carry out guerrilla activities and strategic reconnaissance in various parts of Northeast China. 1In August, 945, the Anti-Japanese Coalition Teaching Brigade cooperated with the Soviet Red Army to enter the northeast to participate in the counterattack against Japan, and then co-edited with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

Under extremely difficult conditions, the northeast anti-Japanese Coalition forces fought independently for a long time, which not only delayed the occupation of the whole northeast by the Japanese aggressor troops and the plunder of strategic materials, but also contained tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of Japanese Kwantung troops in the northeast battlefield. After the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces played a strategic role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in North China, Central China and South China, and contributed to ensuring the security of the Soviet Far East and supporting the anti-fascist war of the Soviet people.