The Lisu people mainly live in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed in Lijiang and Diqing, Dali, Baoshan, Dehong, Chuxiong, Lincang and other prefectures and counties. It is also distributed in Yanyuan, Yanbian, Muli, Dechang and other counties in Sichuan Province. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the Lisu population was 634,912. The Lisu language is spoken and belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Three kinds of scripts have been used successively, one is the pinyin script created by Western missionaries, the other is the syllabic script created by Wang Renbo, a Lisu farmer in Weixi County, and the third is a new script in the form of Latin letters created after the founding of New China. It has been implemented in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture. The Lisu people originate from the ancient Qiang people who migrated south, and they belong to the same ethnic origin as the Yi people. The name of their clan was first seen in writings in the Tang Dynasty. The historical records of the Tang Dynasty are called "Lisu Liangman" or "Liman", "Shiman", "Shunman", all belong to "Wuman", and are distributed in the vast areas such as today's Sichuan, Yunnan Yabijiang River, Jinshajiang River and Lancang River. Zone; during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was mostly ruled by the feudal lords of the Naxi people in various areas of Lijiang. In the middle of the 16th century, due to the enslavement of the Mu clan chieftain of the Naxi tribe and the threat of war, a large number of Lisu people, led by their leader Kuo Mubipa, migrated to Nujiang and other areas in northwest Yunnan. From the 17th to the 19th century, this ethnic group migrated many times after the failure of the uprising, and some of them entered Myanmar; some moved to Laolai, Thailand, etc. Migration continued until the Qing Dynasty. In the course of history, the Lisu people have merged with the blood of many other ethnic groups. There is no doubt that the Lisu people are a branch of the ancient Yi people. But are they the Yi people today? This is a question that many scholars now doubt. I think ethnic groups will die out, but ethnic groups cannot die out! ! Below are some of my knowledge about the Yi and Lisu people. 1. Judging from the origin of the Lisu people, they are a branch of the Yi people. 2. From the perspective of its religious culture, it is the same as the Yi people today, especially the same as the Yi people in Liangshan - ancestor worship and nature worship. From the perspective of totems, there are dragons, tigers, chickens, snakes, birds, bamboos, buckwheat, trees, mountains, etc. 3. From the perspective of social organization, it is a family branch system based on blood and ties, and they all have the habit of blood revenge. There is actually no essential difference between the "Degu" of the Liangshan Yi people and the "Shipa" and "Rouwu" of the Lisu people. They all acted as mediators. 4. From the perspective of witchcraft culture, the Lisu people have two types: "Nipa" and "Nigupa", and the Yi people have two types: Bimo and Suni. The social status of "Nipa" and Bimo is higher than that of "Nigupa" and Suni. Judging from their duties, they are all about divination, exorcising ghosts, warding off evil spirits, worshiping ancestors, and praying for blessings. 5. From the perspective of marriage and funeral, the Yi and Lisu people have to give "uncle money" in marriage, parents arrange it, and close relatives marry. Funerals are the same as those of the Yi people in Guizhou. They are all buried in the ground. Only the deceased who died unexpectedly are cremated. (In fact, they were all buried in the ground after being influenced by the funerals of the Han people.) The two numbers 7 and 9 are auspicious in the funerals of the Yi people. Figures: In Guizhou, the deceased man wears 9 pieces of medicine and the woman wears 7 clothes; in Sichuan, it is rare to have 9 layers of medicine racks and 7 layers of medicine racks; the Lisu people sacrifice 9 pieces of meat to the male deceased, which is used during the funeral. 9 chestnut trees were used to carry the deceased, 7 pieces of meat were used to sacrifice the deceased woman, and 7 chestnut trees were used to carry the body during the funeral. Is it just a coincidence that these numbers appear at the funeral? 6. From the perspective of music and dance literature, music mainly comes from life, so due to different historical and geographical locations, the music created by people is also different, but both the Yi and Lisu people have "Sacrifice Song". The main musical instruments include mouth strings and flutes. Dances are all expressed through movements of the lower limbs (perhaps these dances originate from production and life.), mainly movements on the feet, with vigorous steps and rough movements. Literature has "The Flood", "Brothers Get Married" and "Bamboo Baby". 7. From the perspective of clothing, there are six major types of Yi clothing: Chuxiong type, Liangshan type, Wumengshan type, western Yunnan type, Honghe type, Dianchi type and southeastern Yunnan type. The Lisu people are divided into black Lisu and white Lisu according to their clothing. , flower Lisu. But most of them have the same characteristics: they all advocate black, men wrap their heads with green cloth, and women wear skirts. 8. In terms of language comparison, many words are the same. For example, in the language of the Lisu people, the slave "Zouba" (P101 "A Brief History of the Lisu People") means a villain, who separated his family "by sea" (P144 "A Brief History of the Lisu People"). "History") These are exactly the same as Guizhou Yi. The tiger's name is La, and the New Year's call is "Kuoshi", which are exactly the same as in Liangshan Yi language. 9. From the perspective of wine culture, the Yi people and the Lisu people are all the same. There is no ceremony without wine, and there is no banquet without wine! ! 10. From the perspective of taboos, both the Yi and Lisu people regard the firepit as a sacred place. It is forbidden to step on or move the tripod on the firepit in the Lisu house, and it is not allowed to be splashed with saliva or snot. It is not allowed to use feet instead of hands to add food under the tripod. firewood. 11. Both the Yi and Lisu people celebrate the Torch Festival.
This one was forwarded from a netizen, and that netizen forwarded it from a website